Enhancing Wheat Productivity and Reducing Lead Uptake Through Biochar, Bentonite, and Rock Phosphate Integration

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dc.contributor.authorMohamed S. Elshikh
dc.contributor.authorMona S. Alwahibi
dc.contributor.authorZaffar Malik
dc.contributor.authorAhmad Ali
dc.contributor.authorHassan Mehmood
dc.contributor.authorHafiz Tanvir Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorSipan Soysal
dc.contributor.authorP. V. Vara Prasad
dc.contributor.authorIvica Djalovic
dc.contributor.authorBogdan Dugalic
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-12T12:20:26Z
dc.date.available2025-05-12T12:20:26Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-14
dc.departmentFakülteler, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü
dc.description.abstractHeavy metal (HMs) toxicity has severely impacted wheat production and is considered an emerging threat to human health due to bioaccumulation. The application of organic and inorganic amendments has proven effective in mitigating HM’s phytotoxicity by limiting their mobility in soil and plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of biochar (BC), bentonite (BN), and rock phosphate (RP), both individually and in combination, in alleviating lead (Pb) toxicity and enhancing wheat growth, and physiological attributes. The present investigation revealed that BC, BN, RP, and their combined mineral biochar amendments (MBAs) at 1.5% level significantly enhanced wheat growth along with reducing DTPA-extractable Pb in soil by 30.0–49.8% and Pb uptake in roots by 15.7–37.5% and in shoots by 34.5–48.5%. Antioxidant enzymatic activities were improved, and stress indicators were reduced in roots and shoots of wheat under Pb stress, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 50.7 and 81.0%, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 16.0 and 74.9%, and proline content by 34.5 and 64.0%, respectively. The effectiveness of the treatments is described in descending order viz. MBA-1 > MBA-3 > MBA-2 > BC > RP > BN under Pb stress. In conclusion, the integration of biochar, bentonite, and rock phosphate is a promising strategy for sustainable and cleaner cereal crop production under heavy metal stress conditions.
dc.identifier.citationElshikh, M. S., Alwahibi, M. S., Malik, Z., Ali, A., Mehmood, H., Ahmad, H. T., ... & Dugalic, B. (2025). Enhancing Wheat Productivity and Reducing Lead Uptake Through Biochar, Bentonite, and Rock Phosphate Integration. Sustainability, 17(8), 3491.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su17083491
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105003646417
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su17083491
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8653
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wos001476603900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorSipan, Soysal
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-0840-6609
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectamendments
dc.subjectantioxidants
dc.subjectbioaccumulation
dc.subjectheavy metal phytotixicity
dc.subjectsustainable production
dc.subjectwheat
dc.titleEnhancing Wheat Productivity and Reducing Lead Uptake Through Biochar, Bentonite, and Rock Phosphate Integration
dc.typejournal-article
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.volume17

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