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Öğe Enhancing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Resistance Against Bacterial Canker Disease (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis) via Seed Priming with β-Aminobutyric Acid (BABA)(MDPI AG, 2025-05-25) Nazlı Özkurt; Harun Bektas; Yasemin BektasMany stressors contribute to productivity and quality losses in agricultural production, ranging from the rising global population to shrinking agricultural lands. To boost yield and quality, plants must be protected from abiotic and biotic stressors. Seed priming is the process of boosting germination and seedling development by treating seeds with particular pre-treatments before germination. Seed priming is used to improve plant yield and germination. Plant defense elicitors stimulate the plant's natural immune system when administered externally, strengthening the plant and making it more resistant/tolerant to diseases. beta-Aminobutyric Acid (BABA) is a plant defense elicitor, and in this study, the effect of BABA seed priming on Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm), which causes bacterial cancer in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), was investigated. Tomato seeds were subjected to seed priming for 72 h with 12 mM BABA (BABA priming) or water (water priming) as the control group. Tomato seedlings that germinated normally were utilized as a positive control. When the plants reached the 3-4 leaf stage, they were infected with Cmm. According to the data, BABA priming was the most effective experimental group in reducing disease severity. Furthermore, it has been shown that the use of BABA as a spray or water-priming application gives better protection than the control treatment. To understand the molecular basis of this suppression, plant samples were obtained at two separate time points (0th and the 7th day), and transcriptional changes of essential plant immunity genes (NPR1, PAL, PR1, WRKY70, WRKY33b, TPK1b, and PR5) were studied. The qRT-PCR results showed that NPR1 gene expression increased considerably with the BABA priming treatment compared to the control. BABA priming at the 0th hour enhanced NPR1 gene expression by approximately five times. In addition, BABA priming increased PR1 gene expression. Furthermore, foliar spraying of BABA (BABA priming+BABA-Sp) on seed-primed plants resulted in a nine-fold increase in PR1 gene expression. At day 7, the BABA priming+Cmm treatment increased PR5 gene expression. Along with the control of other genes, the molecular architecture of BABA seed priming has been attempted to be discovered. The application of BABA seed priming is expected to contribute to the literature and have favorable impacts on plant protection against Cmm.Öğe Suppressing Calcium Deactivation in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx from Diesel Engines Using Antimony(MDPI AG, 2025-06-17) Ibrahim Aslan Resitoglu; Ali Keskin; Bugra Karaman; Himmet ÖzarslanThe selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions by hydrocarbons (HCs) using a silver (Ag)-based catalyst offers significant advantages over conventional SCR systems that rely on ammonia reductants and vanadium-based catalysts. However, the conversion rate of SCR is influenced by several factors, among which catalyst poisoning is a major concern. Toxic metals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) can degrade catalyst activity and lead to deactivation. Poisoned catalysts suffer from reduced conversion rates and premature deactivation before reaching their intended operational lifespan. In particular, calcium poisoning results in the formation of CaO (calcium oxide), which reacts to produce a CaWO4 compound that severely impairs SCR performance. This study investigates the role of antimony (Sb) in mitigating Ca-induced deactivation in HC-SCR of NOx. Five catalysts with varying Sb loadings were prepared and tested to evaluate Sb's effect on NOx conversion rate at a space velocity of 30,000 h-1. The results demonstrate that Sb effectively suppresses Ca deactivation, enhancing the conversion rate across all engine test conditions. The highest NOx conversion rate (95.88%) was achieved using a catalyst with 3% Sb.Öğe FLIP BIFURCATION AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF CRIMEAN–CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH SUSTAINABLE FRACTIONAL APPROACH(World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-06-24) AQEEL AHMAD; ALI RAZA; MUHAMMAD FARMAN; ALI AKGÜL; MUHAMMAD NAUMAN ASLAM; DUMITRU BALEANU; SUHAD ALI OSMAN ABDALLAH; N. S. ABD EL-GAWAADThe analysis and investigation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever transmission throughout the population are the goals of this study. Using Atangana-Baleanu's-Caputo (ABC) sense concept, the mathematical model is transformed into fractional order for ongoing surveillance of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. To comprehend the stable state, a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the suggested fractional-order system is conducted. The system's sensitivity analysis is examined to see how sensitive certain parameters are and to see how quickly various factors change and effect the spread of illness. Using flip bifurcation, the local stability of the system with the impacts of both people and animals is confirmed and assessed. The global stability of the system is also examined with Lyapunov first derivative functions. The existence and positivity of the global derivative are shown to be confirmed using Lipschitz criteria for the rate of effects according to their sub-compartments and linear growth on a global scale. The sophisticated tool Atangana-Toufik scheme for various fractional values is used to create solutions for the fractional-order system together with error analysis verification. The real behavior of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever spread and ongoing surveillance are observed using simulations. This kind of research will help to comprehend the epidemic and will have ramifications for real data as well as future control methods.Öğe Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, and Anthemis pseudocotula: Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies(ACG Publications, 2025-06-15) İlhami Gülçin; Kübra Aslan; Hatice Kızıltaş; Leyla Guven; Hasan Karageçili; Doğan ArslanThis study determined the enzyme inhibition potential of three species (Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, and Anthemis pseudocotula) from the Asteraceae family through in silico, followed by in vitro studies. Quinic acid, fumaric acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin were determined by LC-MS/MS in all of the species. Metabolic enzymes are essential catalysts regulating biochemical reactions within living organisms, facilitating energy production, detoxification, and biosynthesis. These enzymes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are tightly regulated to ensure optimal metabolic function. High docking scores were also obtained for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glycosidase, α-amylase, and human carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes (hCA I and hCA II). Among the extracts, Anthemis pseudocotula was concluded to be the best inhibitor for the enzymes, which was further determined by in vitro enzyme inhibition tests. Besides, it was concluded that all extracts showed anti-cholinergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-glaucoma properties. This is the first study determining the enzyme inhibition property of Anthemis pseudocotula and the three species' hCA I and hCA II inhibition activities.Öğe Interactions of soliton solutions for the generalized viscous capillarity compressible fluid model(Informa UK Limited, 2025-06-23) Baboucarr Ceesay; Nauman Ahmed; Muhammad Zafarullah Baber; Ali Akgul; Muhammad JawazIn this work, interactions in a generalized viscous capillarity compressible fluid model are studied analytically employing the approach of Hirota bilinear transformation. We examine the conservation laws of the p-system with a generalized cubic van der Waals flow, nonlinear viscosity, and capillarity factors. This approach is used in the study to show numerous novel wave shapes and solitary solutions in compressible isothermal viscosity-capillarity van der Waals fluids. With the help of Mathematica, we extract various wave phenomena such as bright and dark breathers, kink, anti-kink, periodic lumps, periodic cross kink, M-shaped, mixed and multiple wave structures. The 3D dynamical behaviours and their related contour profiles for the obtained solutions are presented. The Hirota bilinear transformation approach's effectiveness and clarity, as shown in this paper, underscore its potential as a useful tool for deciphering complex physical processes.Öğe Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Acetoguanamine Crown Ethers, Determination of Antioxidant and DNA Damage-Protection Properties(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2025-05-23) Baki Çiçek; Selma Yardan; Ümit ÇalışırCrown ethers are commonly used for metal complexation due to their affinity for cations. These compounds have a hydrophobic outer cavity and a hydrophilic inner cavity. They show an interest in various elemental ions depending on the number, proportions, and diversity of functional groups and donor atoms. The research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing compounds containing different heteroatom-containing groups on the side group, and the investigation of antioxidant and DNA damage-protection properties. Acetoguanamine (2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine), a heterocyclic compound that belongs to the triazine class and acts as an intermediate in numerous pharmaceuticals, was synthesized in this study as a crown ether derivative. This was achieved using the SN2 mechanism of 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine and poly(ethylene) glycol dihalides. The reaction utilized a basic catalyst (Cs2CO3) and a microwave-assisted synthesis method. The targeted acetoguanamine crown ether derivatives were synthesized using green chemistry's eco-friendly (microwave-assisted synthesis) method in mild conditions, with quite high yields. After purification, the synthesized macrocyclic 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine crown ether derivatives were characterized structurally using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and tandem mass spectrometry - Liquid Chromatography (LC-MS/MS) methods. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antioxidant and DNA damage-protective properties. Experimental tests showed that among the compounds, only S1 exhibited a radical scavenging effect (mean 5.62%), and none of the compounds affected the applied DNA plasmid, or demonstrated a DNA protection effect.Öğe Effects of the Cattaneo Christov flux model on thermally radiative flow of tetra hybrid nanofluid with surface tension gradient(2025-08-01) Okasha, Mostafa Mohamed; Abbas, Munawar; Benabdallah, Faiza; Ibrahim, Talib K.; Orlova, Tatyana; Akgül, Ali; Hassani, Murad Khan; Faqihi, Abdullah A.; Garalleh, Hakim AL.; Galal, Ahmed M.The importance of thermal radiation and Stefan blowing on the boundary layer flow of tetra hybrid nanofluid flow across a disk are examined in the present work employing the Cattaneo-Christov flux model. Additionally, the Marangoni convection effect and Stefan blowing are examined. Tetra-hybrid nanofluids are employed in sophisticated thermal systems like heat exchangers, solar energy systems, and cooling technologies because of their improved thermal conductivity and heat transmission properties. Under microgravity conditions, a surface tension differential in the plasma causes the intriguing scientific phenomenon known as Marangoni convection. Important uses of the Marangoni effect include welding, convection or Bernard cells, crystal growth, electron beam melting of metals, soap film stability, and more. In order to improve heat exchangers in chemical processes, optimize thermal management in power plants, and provide effective cooling systems for intricate machinery, the model is essential. Furthermore, it is a flexible tool for contemporary engineering solutions that advance sustainable practices by improving the energy efficiency of renewable technologies. To solve the problem, the Homotopy analysis approach is applied, and graphs are used to show the analytical outcomes. The temperature and velocity fields rise as the Stefan blowing parameter rises, while the solutal profile falls.Öğe Propolis as a functional plant-derived food: antioxidant and anti-cancer properties from Şırnak and Hakkari Regions(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-06-19) Mehmet Fidan; Behcet İnal; Onur Tokgün; Büşra Çelikkaya; İbrahim Teğin; Erdal YabalakThis study evaluates the chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and anti-cancer potential of propolis from 12 key beekeeping regions in Şırnak and Hakkari. Significant variations in phytochemical compounds, such as Chrysin, Caffeic Acid, Kaempferol, Rosmarinic acid, Quercetin-3-D-xyloside, and Quercetin, were identified. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and potential anti-cancer properties. Propolis extracts were obtained using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane and ethanol, followed by GC–MS and LC–MS/MS analyses to identify volatile and phytochemical compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and iron chelation assays. The anti-cancer potential of propolis was assessed against lung and breast cancer cell lines by evaluating cell proliferation and determining IC50 values. The findings offer insights into the bioactive properties of the propolis from Şırnak for potential therapeutic applications. Preliminary cytotoxicity tests identified samples 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 as particularly effective. These samples were tested on lung (HUVEC, A549, H1975) and breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, MCF-10A) at various concentrations, with IC50 values determined using the MTT assay. Propolis samples numbered 5, 7 and 9 showed significant activity in inhibiting cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer cell lines, while samples numbered 5, 7 and 10 were more effective in lung cancer cell lines. These findings underscore the potent antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of propolis, highlighting the significant influence of chemical composition and geographical origin. Further investigations, particularly in vivo and clinical studies, are essential to elucidate its therapeutic potential and underlying anti-cancer mechanisms.Öğe NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING PSEUDO-HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS WITH PURELY INTEGRAL CONDITIONS IN REPRODUCING KERNEL HILBERT SPACE(Wilmington Scientific Publisher, LLC, 2025) Hadjer Zerouali; Ahcene Merad; Ali Akgül; Douha Saadi; Nourhane Attia; Evren HincalThis paper studies a pseudo-hyperbolic equation with purely integral conditions using the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM). By leveraging the properties of reproducing kernel functions (RKFs), we derive exact and approximate solutions to the equation. We present three numerical examples to assess our approach's efficiency and accuracy. The results demonstrate that the RKHSM yields highly accurate approximations, underscoring its effectiveness as a reliable method for solving pseudo-hyperbolic equations with integral constraints. Our findings contribute to the growing research on analytical and numerical techniques for solving such equations.Öğe Effect of Gender on the Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Sheep(Wiley, 2025-06-06) Orhan Corum; Kamil Uney; Duygu Durna Corum; Devran Coşkun; Fatma Akin; Halis Oguz; Muammer ElmasThe objective of this investigation was to ascertain the impact of gender on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in sheep. The research was carried out on six female and six male Romanov sheep. Meloxicam was administered intravenously to sheep at a dose of 1 mg/kg. To determine the change in meloxicam concentration with time, blood samples were collected at 17 different time points up to 120 h after administration. Meloxicam concentrations in plasma samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in sheep was found to differ according to gender. The values of total clearance (ClT), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), and elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of meloxicam in female sheep were 4.51 ± 0.56 mL/h/kg, 69.18 ± 6.68 mL/kg, and 11.96 ± 0.33 h, respectively. Compared to female sheep, ClT and Vdss were increased, and t1/2λz was decreased in male sheep. Plasma concentration and area under the curve of meloxicam were higher in female sheep. The findings of this study indicate that meloxicam's pharmacokinetics are not uniform across genders in Romanov sheep, with notable variations in plasma concentration, clearance, and half-life. These variations emphasize the importance of considering gender in the pharmacotherapy of sheep, potentially guiding clinicians in adjusting dosages for optimal therapeutic outcomes and maintaining food safety standards.Öğe Those Who Retired and Found a Position in Higher Education(Istanbul University, 2025-06-12) Mevlüt Özben; Figen KanbirThe definition of retirement, which marks the end of working life, has changed over time. In fact, retirement today does not mean the end of working life in a single sense. In both Western countries and in T & uuml;rkiye, it is observed that working life continues even after retirement for reasons such as increasing life expectancy and retiring at a young age. In this respect, bridge employment, which refers to continuing to work after retirement and which has recently been introduced in Western countries, is an issue that can also be examined in T & uuml;rkiye. This study seeks to understand what motivates people who continue to work in academia after retiring from state universities along with different sectors. In this context, the study was conducted with 17 participants (7 female and 10 male) through semi-structured interviews, one of the qualitative research techniques. The findings from the study show that most of the participants joined bridging employment primarily for economic reasons. Moreover, the participants engaged in bridge employment in academia for reasons such as still being at a younger age, gaining professional satisfaction, getting out of the house, getting involved in social life, feeling useful, having dependents, and flexible working conditions. Participants stated that working was good for their physical and mental health; although they had problems adapting to technology, they received support from young academics in this regard. At the same time, the participants think that they may benefit students and young academics in terms of experience and knowledge transfer. In this respect, it can be predicted that bridge employment can eliminate the problem of the shortage of qualified staff in foundation universities and relatively newly established state universities and increase intergenerational contact.Öğe Synergistic Effects of Steel Fibers and Silica Fume on Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures and Gamma Radiation(MDPI AG, 2025-05-26) Mahmut DurmazThe study explores the resistance of high-strength C40/50 concrete with steel fiber and silica fume admixture to high temperature and gamma radiation. The purpose is to create concrete composites with radiation shielding properties and high temperature resistance for use in nuclear power plants and radioactive waste storage facilities. For that purpose, concrete specimens containing 0.64 wt% industrial steel fiber and different proportions of silica fume (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) were first subjected to high temperature according to ISO 834 and ASTM E119 after 28 days of curing at a target temperature of 900 degrees C based on a working fire scenario and then subjected to 94 kGy gamma radiation and analyzed using compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), SEM-EDX and XRD tests. It was found that 94 kGy gamma radiation increased the compressive strength of steel fiber concrete by SFC 20.98%, SFC-5 26.36%, SFC-10 26.45%, and SFC-15 25.34%, flexural strength by SFC 24.85%, SFC-5 25.06%, SFC-10 24.11%, and SFC-15 23.65%, and led to microstructure improvement and densification. XRD analysis revealed that samples exposed to 94 kGy gamma radiation accumulated and increased their calcite peak, resulting in decreased porosity and increased compressive and flexural strength. Under high temperature (900 degrees C) conditions, a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of concrete was observed in the compressive strength of SFC 78.99%, SFC-5 76.71%, SFC-10 76.62% and SFC-15 76.05% and in the flexural strength of SFC 79.44%, SFC-5 78.66%, SFC-10 79.68% and SFC-15 80.11%. In conclusion, results highlight the synergistic role of silica fume in reducing porosity and enhancing radiation-induced cement matrix reactivity, as well as that of steel fibers in improving thermal shock resistance and residual mechanical integrity. The developed composite materials are promising candidates for structural and shielding components in nuclear reactors, radioactive waste storage units, and other critical infrastructures requiring long-term durability under combined thermal and radiological loading.Öğe Estimation of critical competition period of red sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.) in direct-seeded fine grain rice (Oryza sativa L.)(Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2025-02-05) Muhammad Ehsan Safdar; Muhammad Sikander Hayyat; Rizwan Maqbool; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Rafi Qamar; Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed; Amjed Ali; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Ibrahim Al-Ashkar; Zeki Erden; Çağdaş Can Toprak; Ayman El SabaghRed sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis L.) has become one of the most troublesome weeds for direct-seeded rice (DSR). The degree of cost-effectiveness of any weed control strategy against this weed needs accurate information about its critical timing of weed removal (CTWR) in DSR production system. A two-year field study was executed to estimate yield losses and critical period of competition of red sprangletop weed in the fine-grain DSR. Experimental treatments were crop-weed competition periods of 7, 8, 9, 10 weeks after emergence (WAE) of rice crop. A full season weed free and weed infested plots were also kept as controls for comparison purpose. Results exhibited that during both years, each successive prolongation in weed competition period significantly increased red sprangletop dry weight and its N, P and K uptake causing significant reduction in yield attributes and paddy yield. Consequently, during years 2018 and 2019, the highest values of weed dry weight (1168 and 1452 kg ha(-1), respectively) and N, P and K uptakes (33.5 and 41.7, 7.67 and 9.62, 31.1 and 42.3 kg ha(-1), respectively) were recorded with full season red sprangletop competition. In comparison to weed free control, this treatment resulted in the highest reduction in plant height (30-49%), panicle length (23-45%), tillers m(-2) (66-78%), grains panicle(-1) (42-61%), 1000-grain weight (31-24%), paddy yield (65-75%) and biological yield (67-70%). The logistic model estimated the CTWR of red sprangletop in DSR to be initial 33-49 DAE and 31-52 DAE in order to prevent 10% yield losses during years 2018 and 2019, respectively.Öğe Physicochemical properties of jatropha seed oil: discloses potential source of biodiesel production(Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2025-02-05) A.K.M. Aminul Islam; S. Chakrabarty; Ibrahim Jafri; Mohamed M. Zayed; Alaa Baazeem; Amany S. El-Khouly; Mohamed Sakran; Ayman El SabaghJatropha is an alternative source of fossil fuel grown in the tropics and subtropics. This research focuses on measuring of physical, chemical and (lubricating) characteristics of Jatropha seed oil extracted from 45 genotypes to explore its potential as biodiesel feedstock. Significant genetical variation was observed from the ANOVA for the genotypes. High coefficient of variation for genotype and phenotype were found for all seed oil properties with moderate differences. The traits reported the highest values of broad sense heritability and genetic advance were oil moisture content (85.77%), free fatty acids (52.99%) and peroxide value (148.84%). Significant correlation coefficient was found at 10 physiochemical characteristics Jatropha seed oil samples. The oil content of seed (%) revealed significant positive correlation coefficient with oil density (0.40**), oil moisture content (0.21*), saponification value (0.26**). Cluster analysis based on seed oil properties; 45 Jatropha genotypes were clustered in six groups. The maximum number of the genotypes (11) were grouped into cluster V. The cluster V integrated the highest number of genotypes while the second and third top-performing genotypes were found in cluster IV (9) and II (8), respectively.Öğe A critical balance for health in older adults: Behavioral, normative, and control beliefs shaping fluid intake(Informa UK Limited, 2025-06-12) Serap Canlı; Yeşim Çetinkaya Şen; Simla Adagide; Sultan UğurFluid intake is influenced by intention, attitude, beliefs, and environmental factors. In this study, we examined the beliefs regarding fluid intake among women aged 65 and older, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We conducted qualitative research with 45 women in a nursing home in Turkey through semi-structured interviews. Our analysis revealed six themes and 21 subthemes related to fluid intake. Participants described fluid intake as beneficial and easy; however, they also mentioned barriers such as cost, health outcomes, pain, habits, and limitations. We found that doctors and family members were the main supporters, and the internet and media played a prominent role in decision-making. This study provides evidence that the Theory of Planned Behavior could be effective in explaining fluid consumption behaviors in older women. However, further research with larger samples and quantitative methods is needed to promote fluid intake.Öğe Experimental Study and ANN Development for Modeling Tensile and Surface Quality of Fiber-Reinforced Nylon Composites(MDPI AG, 2025-05-30) Osman Ulkir; Fatma Kuncan; Fatma Didem AlayAdditive manufacturing (AM) is gaining widespread adoption in the manufacturing industry due to its capability to fabricate intricate and high-performance components. In parallel, the increasing emphasis on functional materials in AM has highlighted the critical need for accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of composite systems. This study experimentally investigates the tensile strength and surface quality of carbon fiber-reinforced nylon composites (PA12-CF) fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) and models their behavior using artificial neural networks (ANNs). A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was employed to design experiments involving five critical printing parameters: layer thickness (100, 200, and 300 µm), infill pattern (gyroid, honeycomb, and triangles), nozzle temperature (250, 270, and 290 °C), printing speed (50, 100, and 150 mm/s), and infill density (30, 60, and 90%). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the infill density had the most significant influence on the resulting tensile strength, contributing 53.47% of the variation, with the strength increasing substantially at higher densities. In contrast, the layer thickness was the dominant factor in determining surface roughness, accounting for 53.84% of the variation, with thinner layers yielding smoother surfaces. Mechanistically, a higher infill density enhances the internal structural integrity of the parts, leading to an improved load-bearing capacity, while thinner layers improve the interlayer adhesion and surface finish. The highest tensile strength achieved was 69.65 MPa, and the lowest surface roughness recorded was 9.18 µm. An ANN model was developed to predict both the tensile strength and surface roughness based on the input parameters. Its performance was compared with that of three other machine learning (ML) algorithms: support vector regression (SVR), random forest regression (RFR), and XGBoost. The ANN model exhibited superior predictive accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9912) and a mean validation error below 0.41% for both outputs. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ANNs in modeling the complex relationships between FDM parameters and composite properties and highlight the significant potential of integrating ML and statistical analysis to optimize the design and manufacturing of high-performance AM fiber-reinforced composites.Öğe Enhanced hydrogen production from sucrose-derived carbon quantum dots-supported Ru catalysts: A comparative study of KBH4 and NaBH4 hydrolysis(Elsevier BV, 2025-12) Erhan Onat; Mehmet Sait İzgi; Ömer Şahin; Selma EkinciDespite increasing interest in borohydride hydrolysis for hydrogen generation, limited studies have explored carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from low-cost, renewable sources such as sucrose as catalyst supports. In this study, sucrose-derived CQDs were synthesized via a green hydrothermal method and employed as a support material for Ru catalysts. A novel hydrogen potential catalytic activity (HPCA) metric was introduced to compare the performance of Ru@CQDs in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (SBH) and potassium borohydride (PBH), addressing the lack of normalized efficiency metrics across different hydrogen sources. The ideal conditions for each hydrolysis reaction were established based on the hydrogen generation rate (HGR) after studying various catalyst characteristics using UV–Vis, UV-PL, TEM, and FT-IR analyses. The HGR values using 4 % NaBH4 and 4 % KBH4 were 167,588 and 122,527 mL g−1 min−1, respectively. However, the hydrogen potential catalytic activity metrics (HPCA), calculated based on the hydrogen content of the sources, were 1.551,741 mL g−1 min−1 and 1.655,770 mL g−1 min−1 for NaBH4 and KBH4 hydrolysis, respectively. This indicates that the rate of hydrogen production during KBH4 hydrolysis is higher than that during NaBH4 hydrolysis. For each hydrolysis reaction, the catalyst's turnover frequency (TOF) was also determined to assess its effectiveness: 924.8 mol H2.mol. Ru−1.min−1 for NaBH4 hydrolysis and 573.3 mol H2.mol Ru−1.min−1 for KBH4 hydrolysis. Additionally, the experimental data on the kinetics and activation energy of the hydrolysis processes, as well as the catalyst's reusability, were analyzed.Öğe Utilization of Co@CoO nanoparticles incorporated on sulphur-doped activated carbon derived from biomass waste for efficient hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride methanolysis(Elsevier BV, 2025-10) Cafer SakaThis study explores the superior hydrogen (H2) generation performance of Co@CoO nanoparticles incorporated on sulphur-doped activated carbon derived from biomass (Co/CoO@S-doped BPAC) via the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The catalyst synthesis involves the fabrication of sulphur-doped activated carbon from biomass waste, followed by the deposition of Co@CoO nanoparticles, leveraging the synergistic effect of sulphur doping and cobalt-based active sites to enhance catalytic efficiency. With S-doped BPAC and Co/CoO@S-doped BPAC, there is a very significant improvement of about 4-fold with hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 5574 and 22,806 mL/min/gcat, respectively. The activation energy (Ea) is 27.84 kJ/mol. Analytical methods are commonly used to evaluate the structure of composites. Comprehensive structural, morphological, and surface characterizations (e.g., XRD, EDS, FTIR, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET) will be conducted to evaluate the catalyst properties. The study will systematically investigate the hydrogen generation rate, activation energy, and reusability of the catalyst under various reaction conditions, aiming for high efficiency and durability. The findings contribute to the development of high-performance, sustainable catalysts for clean H2 production. The possible reaction mechanism of this reaction with the corresponding catalyst is also elucidated.Öğe Mechanical modeling of complex NLS shock optimistic waves with Schrödinger frame(Elsevier BV, 2025-09) Fatih Şevgin; Talat Körpinar; Ali Akgül; Qasem Al-MdallalIn this article, we describe antiferromagnetic Heisenberg super-fluid complex dispersive NLS shock electromotive wave for ϕ(χ1),ϕ(χ2),ϕ(χ3)tension dam-break antiferromagnetic microfluidics with non-linear hermitian Schrödinger model. Then, we construct Lorentzian antiferromagnetic dispersive complex NLS Heisenberg shock optimistic waves for ϕ(χ1),ϕ(χ2),ϕ(χ3) dam-break antiferromagnetic intensity in Lorentzian hermitian space. Thus, we have antiferromagnetic Heisenberg hermitian complex NLS electromotive tension microscales. Finally, we illustrate Schrödinger antiferromagnetic thermocomplex solid magnetic NLS pressure of ϕ(χ1),ϕ(χ2),ϕ(χ3) tension antiferromagnetic wave energy in Lorentzian hermitian space associated with Heisenberg complex dam-break potential in shallow water.Öğe Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Crude Leech Saliva Based on Its Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects(MDPI AG, 2025-05-03) Alican Bilden; İlhan Sabancılar; Serap Yalçın Azarkan; Kenan Karadağlı; Seçkin Kaya; Merve Kahraman; Muttalip ÇiçekLeech therapy is a biotherapeutic approach that has been traditionally used for centuries and is currently being re-evaluated in modern medicine. The efficacy of this treatment is attributed to various bioactive compounds found in leech saliva, which exhibit anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. It has been demonstrated that leech saliva possesses the potential to modulate inflammatory processes and apoptotic mechanisms. In this study, the therapeutic potential of the saliva of Hirudo verbana was evaluated, and its biological and pharmacological effects were comprehensively investigated. The anticancer effects, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of the crude leech saliva were assessed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The chemical composition of the saliva was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, while the protein content was determined by the Bradford assay. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, inflammatory effects were evaluated by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, and cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The findings revealed that crude leech saliva had a minimal effect on healthy cells but showed a selective effect on the viability of ovarian cancer cells. At low concentrations (3.13%), 99.16% of healthy cells remained viable, whereas this rate decreased to 89.25% in cancer cells; at high concentrations (50%), cell viability in cancer cells declined to 63.02%. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified compounds such as gibberellic acid and 6-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]-4,4,5,7,8-pentamethyl-3H-chromen-2-one, which demonstrated high affinity for the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Survivin in molecular docking analyses. In conclusion, the crude leech saliva was confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, further biochemical and clinical research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these biological effects in greater detail.
