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Recent developments in the thermal radiative flow of dusty Ellis trihybrid nanofluid with activation energy using Hamilton-Crosser thermal conductivity model
(Elsevier BV, 2025-05) Mostafa Mohamed Okasha; Munawar Abbas; Ali Akgül; Shoira Formanova; Talib K. Ibrahim; Murad Khan Hassani
This study scrutinizes the characteristics of activation energy on Darcy Forchheimer radiative flow of dusty Ellis trihybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate when dust and nanoparticles are present. The goal of the present work is to use the Hamilton-Crosser thermal conductivity model to scrutinize the heat transmission for the Darcy Forchheimer flow of dusty Ellis trihybrid nanofluid. The flow is impacted by heat source with the properties of Marangoni convection. The base fluid, propylene glycol (C3H8O2), is mixed with Ag, TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles. The model is applicable to sophisticated heat transfer systems, including solar energy harvesting and electronic device cooling technologies. Additionally, it finds application in thermal management of industrial processes using nanofluids and aerospace engineering. Using the shooting technique, the numerical results of the governing equations are obtained (RKF-45th). The impacts on dimensionless physical quantities of interest of geometrical and physical properties relevant to this study are analysed using the required tables and figures. The results demonstrated that the Ellis fluid parameter raised the heat transmission, mass transmission rate, and velocity profiles. As the chemical reaction parameter upsurges, the concentration distributions decrease.
The Importance of Monocyte-to-High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio in Predicting Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2025-03) C Kaynak; E Ozmen; M Aslan
Background: Evaluating the association between coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and new inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is critical for managing the therapy procedure as well. Aim: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the association between the monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR), a novel inflammation marker, and the severity of CAD in patients with ACS. Methods: The study was performed on ACS patients who were hospitalized for coronary angiography (CAG) in the coronary intensive care unit and was conducted with a retrospective design. The study comprised 344 patients (mean age 60.49 ± 12.23 years) with ACS who had CAG and laboratory testing. There were 212 patients with mild CAD according to the Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score (SYNTAX score ≤22) and 132 patients with severe CAD (SYNTAX score >22). The association between SYNTAX score, MHR, uric acid, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other markers were assessed. All analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: A modestly linear association was observed between MHR and SYNTAX score (r = 0.522, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found male gender, high uric acid, high MHR, and NLR as possible individual predictors of SYNTAX score >22 in ACS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that MHR 15.64 (AUC = 0.794; P < 0.001) could predict SYNTAX score >22 with higher sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (78.3%). Conclusions: The higher MHR independently predicts the severity of CAD in ACS. It may be a better parameter than the higher NLR and uric acid levels to predict CAD severity in ACS patients.
Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of <i>Cymbocarpum widemannii</i> and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, DNA Damaging Activities
(Tech Science Press, 2025) Mehmet Fidan; Behcet Inal; Mesut Sırrı; Bülent Hallaç; Ulutas Mehmet Sefa
The use of conventional herbal medicines is a rapidly expanding phenomenon in developed nations. For instance, 30%–50% of all drug use in China is attributed to traditional herbal preparations. Current study evaluated the antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP), total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial activity, and DNA damage protective potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts and roots of Cymbocarpum wiedemannii Boiss., an endemic plant in Turkey. In antioxidant analyses, the methanolic extract of the aerial parts showed the highest %DPPH (73.38) and IC50 (3.46 mg/mL) values. The FRAP analysis revealed the highest iron-reducing capacity in the methanolic extract of the aerial parts (108.10 ± 0.11 mg FeSO4/mL). The aqueous extract of the aerial parts exhibited the highest total phenolic content (1.69 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid/mL), while the methanolic extract of the aerial parts had the highest total flavonoid content (13.53 ± 0.09 mg rutin/mL). Antibacterial activity tests showed no significant effect at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for the samples. DNA protective effects were tested on pBR322 plasmid DNA, demonstrating that both aerial and root extracts could protect DNA from Fenton reaction-induced damage. In conclusion, C. wiedemannii exhibits potential bioactive properties, particularly in terms of its antioxidant and DNA protective effects.
Exogenous selenium application enhances the photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant defense of mash bean (Vigna mungo) to confer tolerance to salt stress
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2025-03-28) Zain UL ABIDIN; Safura BIBI; Athar MAHMOOD; Sipan SOYSAL; Zeki ERDEN; Çağdaş Can TOPRAK; Kifah GHARZEDDIN; Ibrahim AL-ASHKAR; Ayman EL SABAGH; Nehal ELNAGGAR
Mash bean is an important crop enriched with proteins and highly praised in Pakistan due to its nutritional values. However, due to abiotic stresses like salinity, its production is decreased. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium on mash bean to produce salt tolerance. Mash bean seeds were sown in plastic pots filled with sand. Three levels of NaCl (0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM) and five levels of selenium (0 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) were applied with Hoagland solution. Salinity reduced plant height (28%), leaf area (33%), chlorophyll a (14%), chlorophyll b (9%), carotenoids (20%), potassium ions, calcium ions, superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, catalase, salt tolerance index and increased sodium ions (21%), H2O2 content as well as secondary metabolites. However, selenium application in low concentration enhanced plant height (31%), leaf area, chlorophyll a (17%), chlorophyll b (12%), carotenoids (40%), potassium, calcium, superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, catalase, salt tolerance index, proline, flavonoids, total phenol, while decreased sodium ions (25%) and hydrogen peroxide content under salt stress. Findings showed important function of selenium in improving physical characteristics, absorption of ions, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant defense in plants under salinity. Applying selenium at 40 ppm concentrations showed greatest efficacy in alleviating negative impacts of salt stress (100 mM) on plant growth and biochemical attributes. Maximum positive results of selenium application (40 ppm) were obtained at 0 mM of salinity. The journal offers free, immediate, and unrestricted access to peer-reviewed research and scholarly work. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. License - Articles published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca are Open-Access, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License.
Applications of Environmentally Friendly Metal Oxides as PEM Fuel Cell Cathode Catalysts
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-04-10) Orhan Baytar; Ömer Şahin; Abdurrahman Akdag; Gurbet Canpolat; Arzu Ekinci
For the first time, this study investigated the behaviors of CuO and FeO metal oxides synthesized from bean shell extract using an environmentally friendly green synthesis method at varying cell temperatures in PEMFCs according to the amount of Pt used. Analyzed techniques such as XRD, SEM–EDX, TEM, and XPS were used to ascertain the structural and morphological characteristics of the produced catalysts. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated based on the voltage-current density values obtained from PEMFCs at different cell temperatures and increased at higher cell temperatures.At a cell temperature of 70 °C, the Pt-FeO/C and Pt-CuO/C catalysts exhibited higher power values than the Pt/FeO-C and Pt/CuO-C catalysts, containing only half the amount per unit area. The power density values for catalysts were tested as follows: 3380 mW/cm2mgPt for Pt-FeO/C, 1697 mW/cm2mgPt for Pt-CuO/C, 919 mW/cm2mgPt for Pt/FeO-C, and 1264 mW/cm2mgPt for Pt/CuO-C, and these values were determined to be higher than the values measured using the Pt/C (431 mW/cm2mgPt) catalyst. According to the measured current density-power density values, It was determined that the performances of the catalysts were Pt/FeO-C > Pt-CuO/C > Pt/CuO-C > Pt-FeO/C.
A numerical study of the fractional SIR epidemic model of an infectious disease via the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method
(Elsevier, 2025) Nourhane Attia; Ali Akgül
In this chapter, we explore the application of the reproducing kernel Hilbert-space (RK-HS) method to solve a fractional SIR epidemic model that is non-linear with unidentified parameters. This model is of significant importance in epidemiology and medical science for understanding the dynamics of disease spread and control. Our contribution lies in the application of the RK-HS method to this particular fractional SIR model, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously explored. The RK-HS method demonstrates consistent convergence between exact and numerical solutions, making it a valuable tool for solving fractional differential equations. Its mesh-free nature adds to its simplicity and effectiveness. The numerical results are discussed, demonstrating the method's efficiency and accuracy through a comparison with the Adomian decomposition method. Our study concludes that the RK-HS method is a powerful and effective tool for solving non-linear fractional SIR models and offers valuable insights into the dynamics of infectious-disease propagation. The method's versatility in handling complex mathematical models paves the way for further research and applications in a variety of scientific fields.
Theoretical and numerical investigation of a memristor system with a piecewise memductance under fractal–fractional derivatives
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-01-01) Maroua Amel Boubekeur; İrem Akbulut Arik; Seda İğret Araz
This research deals with the theoretical and numerical investigations of a memristor system with memductance function. Stability, dissipativity, and Lyapunov exponents are extensively investigated and the chaotic tendencies of the system are studied in depth. The memristor model, where a piecewise memductance function is incorporated, is modified with fractal-fractional derivatives with exponential decay, power law, and Mittag-Leffler kernels, which provide powerful tools for modeling complex systems with memory effects, long-range interactions, and fractal-like behavior. Employing the Krasnoselskii-Krein uniqueness theorem and the fixed point theorem, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the model including fractal-fractional derivatives with the Mittag-Leffler kernel are proven. The fractal-fractional derivative model is solved numerically using the Lagrange polynomial approach, and the chaotic tendencies of the system are exhibited through numerical simulations. The findings indicated that the memristor model with fractal-fractional derivatives was observed to exhibit chaotic behavior.
Preserving Quality and Extending Shelf Life of Climacteric Persimmon Fruits Using Melatonin and Modified Atmosphere Packaging
(Wiley, 2025-04) Emine Kucuker; Muttalip Gundogdu; Emrah Güler; Ahmet Sumbul; Onur Tekin; Bulent Hallac
Quality and product losses during the postharvest storage of climacteric persimmon fruits pose significant challenges due to their short shelf life and limited marketing period. This study examined the effects of melatonin (1 mM) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on preserving the quality, biochemical properties, and organic acid contents of persimmons, as well as extending their shelf life during storage at 0°C ± 0.5°C. The MAP resulted in the lowest weight loss, recording only 6.63%. The combination of melatonin and MAP provided the highest fruit firmness at 8.69 kg/cm2, along with a total antioxidant level of 12.40 μmol TE 100 g-1. Additionally, this treatment improved total phenolic content and most individual organic acids, except for fumaric acid, which was highest in the MAP treatment. The organic acid contents of the fruits varied during storage, depending on the specific acid. Malic acid was the predominant organic acid and was consistently better preserved by the treatments compared to the control. It is important to note that the reduction in malic acid was approximately 1.5 times less in the treated fruits than in the controls, while the decline of other organic acids was 3-4 times greater. In conclusion, both MAP and the combination of melatonin and MAP were effective methods for preserving the quality attributes and extending the shelf life of persimmon fruits.
Evaluation of Some Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Wheat Cultivars Under Salt Stress
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2025-03-16) Somayyeh Mohammadi; Soudabeh Jahanbakhsh; Khadijeh Razavi; Seyedeh Yalda Raeisi Sadati; Muhsin Ağamirzaoğlu
Salt stress is an important problem in the cultivation of crops in dry and semi-arid environments, which restricts crop production. Considering that soil salinity in Iran and neighboring Turkey is increasing with decreasing celestial precipitation, it is important to select genotypes and tolerant wheat varieties for cultivated in saline soils by breeding for future generations. The present research was conducted to evaluate SOS2, SOS3, and SDH genes in wheat leaves using QRT-PCR. This experiment was done as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design in each plot with three replications for four varieties. Bread wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties including Kavir, Roshan, Bam, and a native landrace (3623) were screened by 200 mM NaCl for 10 days, and physiological and molecular parameters analysis of chlorophyll contents, fluorescence, cations, and proline contents for SOS2, SOS3, and SDH genes expression. Generally, salt stress significantly enhanced ions and organic compounds content (Calcium and sodium concentration), chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment, and the amino acid concentration of proline and chlorophyll fluorescence indices in varieties. Analyses revealed that 3623 can be regarded as a relatively "tolerant" genotype compared with the Kavir. After studying its agricultural indice, it will be considered for breeding programs. Overall, NaCl treated wheat, inducing salt-tolerance genes, effectively facilitates deficiency tolerance. Considering the expression of relatively higher TaSOS2 and TaSOS3 in the root of 3623 under stress conditions, perhaps most of the sodium absorbed by the root is returned to the environment.
Identification and Selection of Genetic Diversity of Some Selected Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2025-03-16) Ayşe Nur Şavkan; Yeşim Dal Canbar; Önder Türkmen
Cucurbita pepo L., an important member of the Cucurbitaceae family, has a wide genetic diversity in terms of fruit and plant characteristics. The objective of this study was to select genotypes with desirable morphological characteristics and to establish a wide core collection. Selected 200 genotypes were identified in detail using 22 morphological characters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used to determine the relationships among these genotypes. As a result of the PCA, eight PC axes explained 63.8% of the cumulation variation, while according to the cluster analysis, the morphological similarity level of the selected 200 genotypes ranged from 0.72 to 22.21, and in the constellation diagram formed, six groups were defined. In addition, correlation results clearly showed the relationships between the morphological parameters. Positive and significant correlations were found between plant growth habit and parameters such as plant branching, degree of branching, stem shoot development, petiole length and thickness, leaf blade area. The information obtained from the correlation analysis was used to improve breeding efficiency and reduce the number of plants selected. According to the results of the study, a high morphological variability was found among the squash genotypes. The diverse traits of summer squash are important for improving its agronomic qualities. The data obtained will guide similar research and support sustainable plant breeding and genetic diversity conservation.
Influence of curved trapezoidal winglet vortex generators on thermalhydraulic performance in fin-and-tube heat exchangers
(Kare Publishing, 2025) Alişan gönül
Fin-tube heat exchangers play a crucial role in various industrial and HVAC applications due to their high heat transfer efficiency. This study focuses on the numerical analysis of fin-tube heat exchangers integrated with curved trapezoidal winglet vortex generators. In the current work, the impact of three key factors on heat transfer and flow characteristics: inlet velocity (2–5 m/s), vortex generator position angle (45°–120°), and arc length (3.80–6.33 mm) is analyzed. To enhance the accuracy of output predictions, this research extends beyond conventional parametric studies by utilizing a structured design of experiments approach. The study determines the optimal configurations through Kriging response surface methodology analysis. Results indicate a potential 48.5% improvement in heat transfer and up to an 18.3% enhancement in thermo-hydraulic performance. Moreover, the study reveals that improper sizing and positioning of vortex generators may lead to a 5% decrease in thermo-hydraulic performance compared to the heat exchanger without vortex generators. This work aims to explore strategies for enhancing the thermal performance of fin-and-tube heat exchangers through novel vortex generator designs by considering their geometric dimensions and positioning.
Boron Prevents Oral Acrylamide Damage in Bone Marrow and Hematologic Parameters of Wistar Rats
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-04-07) Faysal Selimoğlu; Mustafa Cengiz; Canan Vejselova Sezer; Adnan Ayhanci; Fatma Gür; Özge Yıldırım; Bahri Gür; Ahmet Musmul
The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of acrylamide (AA) on bone marrow and blood and the protective efficacy of boric acid (B) in rats. The animals were divided into five groups: control, B, low-dose B + AA, and high-dose B + AA. After the 15 th day of the experiment, their blood and bone marrow were harvested to be kept for hematological analyses. While white blood cells (WBC) increased following the administration of AA, bodyweight, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and bone marrow nucleated cell counts significantly decreased in number. Conversely, bodyweight and all these hematological parameters significantly increased apart from WBC in the B + AA groups AA when compared to the control. However, high-dose B was more effective than low-dose B in preventing AA-induced bone marrow and hematological damage. The present study suggests that B treatment could help protect bone marrow and hematological parameters against AA-induced toxicity.
Thermophoretic particle deposition in thermo-bioconvection flow of diamond-SiC-Co₃O₄/water-based trihybrid nanofluid with oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms: biotechnological applications
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-04-09) Ibrahim Mahariq; Riadh Marzouki; Hawzhen Fateh M. Ameen; Munawar Abbas; Barno Abdullaeva; Maawiya Ould Sidi; Abdullah A. Faqihi; Ali Akgül; Ahmed M. Galal
The present study investigates the impacts of heat generation and Marangoni convection on the thermophoretic particle deposition in chemical reactive flow of Diamond -SiC- Co3O4Diamond -SiC- Co3O4WaterWater-based trihybrid nanofluid across a sheet with oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms. Gradients of surface tension are varied to find Marangoni convection. It can be used in a variety of industries, including welding, crystal formation, soap film stabilization, and drying silicon wafer. The trihybrid nanofluid Diamond -SiC- Co3O4Diamond -SiC- Co3O4H2OH2O flow model is made up of nanoparticles of diamond ND, and cobalt oxide Co3O4, silicon carbide SiC dissolved in water H2O. This model has applications in advanced bioengineering and environmental processes, including biofuel generation, wastewater treatment, and medication delivery system improvement. Microorganisms improve mass and heat transfer, which is advantageous for biomedical applications and microfluidic systems. Furthermore, industrial processes needing effective heat transfer, such cooling systems in biotechnology labs and reactors, can be optimized by the trihybrid nanofluid’s enhanced thermal characteristics. The constitutive equations were converted into ODEs using similarity variables, and then they were resolved applying MATLAB’s bvp4c function. The outcomes demonstrate that the modified model more exactly indicates higher heat transfer rates than the classical model. Concentration and oxytactic microorganism distributions decrease with increasing thermophoretic parameter.
Eco-friendly nanocatalysts for hydrogen generation via sodium borohydride hydrolysis and enhanced fuel cell applications
(Elsevier BV, 2025-04) Arzu Ekinci; Ömer Şahin; Sevnur Turgut; Orhan Baytar
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis is a promising method for sustainable hydrogen production, but its efficiency depends on high-performance and eco-friendly catalysts. This study introduces a green hydrothermal synthesis using tobacco stem extract to fabricate Co–Sb nanoparticles, reducing toxic chemical usage compared to conventional methods. Catalytic tests confirm their high efficiency in NaBH4 hydrolysis, with hydrogen generation increasing at higher temperatures and NaOH/NaBH4 concentrations. Structural analyses (XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM) reveal an amorphous, porous morphology with spherical particles (∼20–30 nm). Co–Sb nanoparticles achieve a hydrogen generation rate of 5618 mlmin−1g−1, surpassing Co nanoparticles (5360 mlmin−1g−1), with lower activation energy (30.9 kJ mol−1 vs. 35.5 kJ mol−1), highlighting Co–Sb's superior catalytic efficiency—additionally, 1 wt% Sb doping enhances hydrogen production and improves PEM fuel cell performance, reaching a peak power density of 137.3 mW/cm2. However, reusability tests of the Co–Sb catalyst revealed a decline in the hydrogen generation rate, indicating catalyst deactivation due to oxidation on active surfaces and the accumulation of by-products. Furthermore, excessive Sb doping was found to block active sites on the catalyst surface, thereby reducing its efficiency. This study underscores the viability of green-synthesized Co–Sb nanoparticles for hydrogen generation and fuel cell applications, offering a sustainable alternative to energy technologies.
Investigation of antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities in novel poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/polyindole composites
(Wiley, 2025-03-29) Safiye Elif Korcan; Cengiz Soykan; Burak Tüfekçi; Naci Ömer Alayunt; Şah İsmail Çivi
In the current study, in the first stage, amphiphilic poly(2-diethylamino ethylmethacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) [Poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)] was synthesized from the 2-diethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DEAEMA) and the ethyl methacrylate (EMA) using the free radical polymerization method. In the second stage, five series of composites were prepared at different concentrations using the indole conductive monomer in the presence of iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) using the in situ oxidative polymerization technique in poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA) copolymer. Scanning electron microscope and Atomic force microscope images proved the homogeneous structure of the composites, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the composite has shown that it has been produced successfully. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN composites was evaluated. Moreover, antioxidant studies of the composites were carried out. The results showed that the enhanced bioactivity of poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN(90%) composite. In this study, all poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN composites and polymers showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. PCs had more antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus than PIN, Poly(DEAEMA), and poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA). The antimicrobial activity of PCs was enhanced by increasing the permeability of the cell membrane with DEAEMA. It was determined that the antibacterial activity increased in direct proportion to the indole concentration. OSI values of PIN, Poly(DEAEMA), and poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA), and PCs ranged between 1.3513 and 0.1183. Highlights: Conductive Polymer Composites are a special commercial polymer composite class due to their biological properties. Discusses morphological properties of poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN composites. Summarizes antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN composites. Demonstrate the high antimicrobial activity of Poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN composites against S. mutans. Determine that Poly(DEAEMA-co-EMA)/PIN composites have antioxidant capacity.
Determination of the prevalence and parasite burden of Coeunurus cerebralis and Oestrus ovis in sheep in Siirt province of Türkiye
(University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 2025) Murat Kara; Burcak Aslan Çelik; Ozgur Yasar Celik; Adnan Ayan; Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk; Kerem Ercan; Ozge Oktay Ayan
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and parasite burdens of Coeunurus cerebralis and Oestrus ovis in sheep in Siirt province, Türkiye. Between December 2022 and November 2023, a total of 520 sheep (260 male, 260 female) heads (10 heads per week) were randomly sampled from a butcher. The total prevalence of C. cerebralis was determined to be 12.9%. The prevalence was higher in males, in the Morkaraman breed, in animals younger than two years of age, in dark-coloured ones, in October, and in the right brain hemisphere. The total prevalence of O. ovis was determined to be 38.3%. The prevalence was higher in females, in the Akkaraman breed, in dark-coloured breeds, in age groups older than two years, and in December. In terms of larvae, L1 was detected in 108 sheep, L2 in 106 sheep, and L3 in 139 sheep. A total of 1,039 larvae (278 L1, 321 L2, and 440 L3) were detected. The significant presence of O. ovis found in the sheep in this study indicates that Siirt province has suitable climatic conditions for O. ovis and larval development. It is recommended to include more animals in a future study in order to determine the exact seasonal prevalence of O. ovis infestation in the region, and to use an antiparasitic drug effective against O. ovis in the routine treatment of sheep to reduce the incidence of this disease.
Sustainable cereal production through integrated crop management: a global review of current practices and future prospects
(Frontiers Media SA, 2025-03-13) Vaddula Yamini; Kulvir Singh; Mohammed Antar; Ayman El Sabagh
Among cereals, three crops namely maize, wheat, and rice account for 90% of the total cereal production, with global production levels of 791.2, 522.6, and 1229.63 million tons for wheat, rice and maize, respectively. The global challenges of food insecurity, climate variability, and unsustainable land use necessitate a redefined approach to cereal production, focusing on climate resilience, low vulnerability, and high productivity while establishing food and environmental safety. Integrated crop management (ICM) offers a holistic farming approach that integrates various agricultural practices to ensure long-term benefits and mitigate risks. This comprehensive review examined a total of 108 documented studies from existing literature pertaining to the last 23 years, besides case studies on ICM in rice, wheat, and maize production, analyzing its benefits, challenges, and future directions. In Asian countries, where rice is a staple food, ICM practices have effectively addressed challenges such as yield stagnation, declining profits, and crop failures. Nutrient and pest management, along with conservation agriculture (CA), have played a crucial role in overcoming these challenges. China’s implementation of site-specific management duly integrated with other practices, has successfully reduced excessive nitrogen use besides improved environmental and health outcomes. Sustainable corn production has been achieved in the USA and Africa through comprehensive implementation of CA and crop diversification. Globally, ICM has demonstrated yield increases of 10–19% for rice, 16–30% for wheat, and 13.5–30% for maize crops. Despite having ample potential, the widespread adoption of ICM faces technical, climate-related, and economic constraints. Overcoming these challenges requires targeted training, extension services, and supportive policies. Furthermore, future research should focus on addressing key knowledge gaps to facilitate the widespread implementation of ICM. While promoting climatic resilience and sustainability in cereal production systems, ICM can contribute to food security and environmental preservation globally.
Predictive modeling of additively manufactured carbon fiber-PLA mechanical components via ML
(2025-01-01) Ozkul, Mahmut; Kuncan, Fatma; Ulkir, Osman
Purpose: The study aims to predict and optimize two critical parameters, surface roughness and energy consumption, in additive manufacturing (AM) processes using carbon fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) material. These parameters are essential for enhancing the efficiency and quality of AM-produced components. Design/methodology/approach: A mechanical connector was fabricated using the AM process, employing the Box–Behnken experimental design method with four input parameters: layer thickness (LT) (150–200–300 µm), infill density (ID) (40%–80%–100%), nozzle temperature (NT) (200–210–220 °C) and printing speed (PS) (40–80–120 mm/s). Predictive models were developed using four machine learning (ML) algorithms: Gaussian process regression (GPR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest regression (RFR). Model performance was evaluated using mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and R-squared (R2). Additionally, ANOVA was conducted to identify the most influential parameters on surface roughness and energy consumption. Findings: The RFR model demonstrated superior accuracy with low error values and high R2 scores in estimating both surface roughness and energy consumption. ANOVA results indicated that LT (43.96%) and PS (40.01%) were the most significant factors affecting surface roughness, while LT (50.45%) and ID (27.58%) significantly influenced energy consumption. Originality/value: This study underscores the effectiveness of ML algorithms and statistical analysis in modeling and optimizing AM processes. The findings provide valuable insights into improving the efficiency and quality of 3D-printed components, particularly through the integration of carbon fiber-reinforced materials and advanced predictive modeling techniques.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Neritic Zooplankton in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica
(2025-01-01) Kara, Alpaslan; Kurt, Tuba Terbıyık; Yağci, Meral Apaydin; Veske, Erdinç; Kocabaş, Engin; İnceoğlu, Haşim; Keleş, Murat; Aymaz, Ramazan; Yaman, Yalçın
This study details field investigations conducted during the 6th Turkish National Antarctic Science Expedition in February 2022, involving zooplankton sampling at ten stations along the western shores of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay. Utilizing a WP-2 plankton net, both vertical and horizontal sampling methods were employed, with samples preserved for morphological and molecular analysis. Morphological assessments of collected zooplankton focused on detailed descriptions supported by digital imaging. Following Antarctic marine fieldwork, genetic research was initiated with DNA extraction from zooplankton specimens. Molecular analyses focused on amplifying mitochondrial gene regions. These mitochondrial DNA markers are recognized for species identification and phylogenetic investigations. This study was conducted by combining classical morphological assessment with mitochondrial DNA barcoding technology. As a result, molecular analyses of Calanoides acutus and Paralabidocera grandispina revealed high identity percentages (≥98%) when compared to reference sequences in the BOLD database, demonstrating successful species identification through mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) barcoding. Detailed morphological features of these two species, as well as others, were documented with particular focus on the structure of the swimming legs and genital segments. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of zooplankton biodiversity in Antarctic marine ecosystems, providing preliminary insights into genetic diversity and potential cryptic species through molecular genetic techniques.
Prediction of photovoltaic panel cell temperatures: Application of empirical and machine learning models
(Elsevier BV, 2025-05) Fatih Bayrak
In this study, 25 different empirical models predicting the cell temperatures of PV panels were statistically analyzed and predictions were made using machine learning models. As a result of the correlation analysis, a strong positive correlation was found between the power output (Pm) of PV panels and solar radiation (Is) (PV1: r = 0.93, PV2: r = 0.94), indicating that photovoltaic energy conversion directly depends on solar radiation. In the analyses using error metrics (MAE and RMSE), the performances of wind speed dependent (MW) and independent (M) models were compared. However, since error metrics alone are not sufficient to assess the statistical significance and reliability of the models, t-test and confidence interval analyses were applied. The M5 model in the PV1 panel and the M1 model in the PV2 panel provided the closest predictions to the actual values. When MW models are analyzed, MW1 model for PV1 and MW13 model for PV2 produced the most accurate predictions. Within the scope of machine learning methods, different regression types such as Linear Regression, Non-Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression and Support Vector Regression were evaluated and their prediction performances were compared. Among the Decision Tree based models, Extra Trees was one of the prominent models with R2 = 0.960 for PV1 and R2 = 0.974 for PV2 in the test phase.

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