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Öğe Unique Solution Analysis for Generalized Caputo-Type Fractional BVP via Banach Contraction(New York Business Global LLC, 2025-05-02) Zouaoui Bekri; Sarah Aljohani; Mohammad Esmael Samei; Ali Akgül; Abdelkader Belhenniche; Ahmad Aloqaily; Nabil MlaikiIn this manuscript, we investigate the existence of a unique solution to a boundary value problem (BVP) involving generalized fractional derivatives of the Caputo type. Our approach is grounded in the Banach contraction mapping theorem, which provides a rigorous framework for proving the existence of a fixed point and, consequently, a solution to the BVP. We extend this methodology to explore analogous problems, offering further insights and interpretations of the results derived from the main theorem. This work not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of fractional differential equations but also demonstrates how these techniques can be applied to a broader class of problems in mathematical physics and engineering. Through detailed analysis and extrapolation, we aim to establish a deeper connection between fractional calculus and fixed-point theory, providing a foundation for future research in this area.Öğe Seed priming and phosphorus fertilization boost nutrient biofortification of lentil plants(Polish Society for Magnesium Research, 2024-09-24) Mustafa Ceritoglu; Mustafa Ceritoglu; Murat Erman; Fatih ÇığThis experiment investigated effects of seed priming and phosphorus fertilization on the biofortification of lentil plants grown under low-phosphorus field conditions. Four phosphorus doses and six priming treatments were used in the experiment. According to results, 15 and 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased the nitrogen concentration in plants while all phosphorus doses stimulated greater magnesium accumulation over control. Higher phosphorus addition restricted potassium acquisition by 9.5% under high-potassium soils. Moreover, 15 kg P ha-1 application of salicylic acid, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus or plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) distinctly promoted the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron and zinc. PGPB mostly promoted nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, while citric acid priming highly stimulated the acquisition of Mg, Mn and Fe. All priming treatments were lower than the control for potassium accumulation, in which the lowest value was observed in PGPB-primed plants, because it can solubilize phosphorus compounds in rhizosphere, thereby causing an antagonistic effect on potassium uptake. Seed priming with 4 mM silicon enhanced copper accumulation in tissues up to 9.4%. Priming with 100 mg kg-1 citric acid promoted iron, magnesium and manganese accumulation by 13.8%, 3.8% and 4.7% compared with control, respectively. In conclusion, phosphorus addition boosted macro-and micronutrient acquisition, although the 15 kg P ha-1 dose is recommended from an economic perspective. Also, phosphorus application and seed priming treatments exhibited synergistic effects on nutrient acquisition depending on a nutrient element. Finally, seed priming with PGPB, 4 mM salicylic acid and 100 mg kg-1 citric acid exhibited superior performance on nutrient uptake in lentil.Öğe C:N Ratio and Its Importance in Developing Effective Bioenergy Crops(Springer Nature Singapore, 2025) Muhammad Ikram; Muhammad Mehran; Asif Minhas; Haseeb ur Rehman; Muhammad Zeeshan Mola Bakash; Muhammad Waseem Khan; Muhammad Mueed Shahbaz Khan; Ayman El Sabagh; Hasnain RasheedSustainable bioenergy production from dedicated crops has garnered considerable attention in recent years as a potential solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and meet growing energy demands. The carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, a fundamental biochemical parameter, plays a pivotal role in the productivity and quality of bioenergy crops. This chapter explores the multifaceted significance of the C:N ratio in bioenergy crop development. Beginning with a comprehensive understanding of the C:N ratio, this chapter delves into its influence on plant biomass production and its subsequent implications for bioenergy conversion processes. We discuss strategies for managing C:N ratios in bioenergy crops, encompassing fertilization, nutrient management, and crop selection. Real-world case studies and research findings illustrate successful C:N ratio management approaches and their practical applications. Environmental considerations are paramount in the cultivation of bioenergy crops, and this chapter evaluates the impact of C:N ratios on soil health, carbon sequestration, and sustainability. Moreover, it addresses the role of policy and regulation in shaping bioenergy crop development, emphasizing the relevance of C:N ratios in policy decisions. Finally, the chapter explores emerging trends and challenges in the field, highlighting future research directions and technological innovations. This comprehensive overview underscores the central importance of the C:N ratio in developing effective bioenergy crops and underscores its potential to contribute to a sustainable energy future.Öğe Strategies to Enhance Biomass Production in Forage Crops Under Challenging Environments(Springer Nature Singapore, 2025) Ayman El Sabagh; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Allah Wasaya; Muhammad Irfan; Karthika Rajendran; Rabia Zahid; Humaira Yasmin; Taslima Zahan; Uzma Younis; Atikur Rehman; Divya Nagarajan; Saravanan Sivarajan; Parthasarathi Theivasigamani; Mohammad Sohidul IslamForages are an important source of nutrition and health benefits for dairy animals. Forage growth, nutritional quality, biomass, and yield are important agronomic traits that are severely impacted by a number of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and chilling injury. The impact of these diverse stresses on fodder crops has received comparatively little attention. To address these issues, we presented a thorough analysis of the negative effects of abiotic stresses in this chapter, as well as farmer-friendly agronomic management techniques such as nitrogen fertilizer application, irrigation management, and optimizing soil conditioning through tillage to conserve moisture and increase soil water retention capacity. These approaches would particularly help to ensure water supply, biomass production, and drought stress alleviation. To aid in the recovery of saline, sodic, and saline-sodic soils, calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) enhanced fertilizers should be used instead of Na+, and salt leaching should be permitted through frequent irrigations. Heat-tolerant/adaptive cultivars can minimize crop-growing areas while protecting plants, soils, and the environment from the harmful impacts of abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress damage to forage crops can be significantly reduced by cultivating N2-fixing legume forages, introducing environmentally friendly plant-nutrient benefit-providing symbionts, and using organic amendments such as plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM), biochar, mineral nutrition, and organic acids (OA). Furthermore, these methods create new prospects for smart and sustainable agriculture.Öğe Carbon Partitioning and Resource Use Efficiency for Enhancing Biofuel Production(Springer Nature Singapore, 2025) Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Ontor Hossain; Moaz Hosen Pramanik; Khandakar Aurib; Md. Kaium Chowdhury; A. S. M. Golam Hafeez; A. K. M. Abdul Bari; Md. Rafiqul Islam; Hakki Akdeniz; Akihiro Ueda; Ayman El SabaghThe global energy landscape is increasingly shifting toward sustainable and renewable energy sources, with biofuels emerging as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This chapter examines the critical role of carbon partitioning (CP) and resource use efficiency (RUE) in enhancing biofuel production. Carbon partitioning, the process by which plants allocate assimilated carbon to various metabolic pathways and tissues, is pivotal in determining the yield and quality of biofuel feedstocks. Optimizing carbon allocation can significantly increase the proportion of biomass directed toward biofuel precursor compounds, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lipids. Moreover, the efficiency of resource use, particularly light, water, and nutrients, is essential for maximizing biomass production in a sustainable manner. Advances in genetic engineering and crop management practices have shown promise in improving both CP and RUE. Techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and the development of transgenic crops have enabled precise manipulation of metabolic pathways to enhance biofuel precursor accumulation. Additionally, agronomic practices, including optimized irrigation and fertilization regimes, can further augment biomass yield and quality. This chapter also explores the potential of integrating multi-omics techniques, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing CP and RUE. These insights can inform the development of next-generation biofuel crops with superior performance under diverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, we explore the financial feasibility and ecological impact of biofuel production in light of these advancements, emphasizing that enhancing CP and RUE presents a promising strategy for optimizing biofuel yield and sustainability. Future research should focus on the integration of advanced biotechnological tools and sustainable agronomic practices to achieve high-yielding, resource-efficient biofuel feedstock.Öğe Local thermal non-equilibrium effects on Marangoni convective flow of Casson fluid with elastic deformation: Perspective of Cattaneo-Christov flux model(Elsevier BV, 2025-05) Munawar Abbas; Ali Akgül; Talib K. Ibrahim; Qasem Al-Mdallal; Umid Turdialiyev; Hafiz Muhammad Ghazi; Zuhair Jastaneyah; Hakim AL GarallehThis work investigates the effects of local thermal non-equilibrium impacts on the chemical reactive flow of Casson fluid under elastic deformation over a sheet. The modified theory for mass and heat transport is the generalized CattaneoChristov theory, which takes into consideration the importance of relaxation times. Chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and geothermal systems are examples of engineering applications where precise temperature control between various materials or phases is required to maximize performance and efficiency. These applications depend on local thermal non-equilibrium conditions. In systems that use non-Newtonian fluids, as those found in polymer manufacturing, petroleum drilling, and food industry applications, this model can be applied to maximize heat and mass transmission. The CattaneoChristov heat flow theory provides a more accurate depiction of thermal behaviour in such fluids by accounting for thermal relaxation effects. In chemically reactive situations, these effects are crucial for increasing energy conversion, speeding up reaction rates, and creating efficient heat management systems. The relevant similarity variables are condensed, and then the model equation system is numerically resolved using the bvp4c method. The higher the interphase heat transfer value, the lower the thermal profile of the Casson fluid's solid and fluid phases.Öğe Enhancing crop resilience to water stress through iron nanoparticles: A critical review of applications and implications(Elsevier BV, 2025-06) Tajwar Alam; Sanaullah Jalil; Ghulam Jilani; Arshad Nawaz Chaudhry; Zia Ul-Haq; Iram Naz; Muhammad Abbas Khan; Xinghong Yang; Marian Brestic; Milan Skalicky; Ayman El SabaghAmong the abiotic stresses, water stress is a key factor that limits agricultural productivity worldwide by reducing crop yield through numerous biochemical and physiological disruptions. The use of nanomaterials in commercially available products is rapidly expanding, with significant applications in agriculture and phytoremediation. Current advancements in nanotechnology have introduced iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) as a promising approach to enhance crop resilience against stress conditions. Iron (Fe) plays a critical role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, chlorophyll synthesis, and oxidative stress management, which are pivotal to plant response against water stress. Due to high surface area, small size, and controlled reactivity, Fe-NPs exhibit exceptional advantages over traditional Fe sources, viz., improved bioavailability and nutrient uptake. The current review explores Fe-NP's potential to mitigate the adverse effects of water stress in crop plants by activating various beneficial mechanisms, including improvement in antioxidant defence, osmotic adjustment, and modulating stress related to phytohormones. Particularly, Fe-NPs improve water use efficiency (WUE) and root development, facilitating water and nutrient uptake under stress conditions. Moreover, Fe-NPs assist in antioxidant enzyme regulation, which reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing oxidative damage and sustaining the metabolic activities of plants under limited water availability. However, Fe-NP use in agriculture poses potential health and environmental risks, including water and soil contamination, soil microbial alteration, and residues in edible crop plants, which require careful consideration. Furthermore, Fe-NP effectiveness may vary depending on factors, viz., size of nanoparticles (NPs), concentration, method of application, and crop type. The paper concludes by discussing potential research avenues, highlighting the necessity of sustainable application methods, optimal Fe-NP formulations, and thorough environmental effect evaluations. Fe-NPs are a promising element in creating next-generation, nano-enabled farming techniques meant to increase crop resistance to water stress, which could ultimately improve food security in the face of a changing climate.Öğe Comparative analysis of cement-based and historic gypsum-based mortars for historical Restoration: Implications on mechanical and thermal compatibility(2025-09-01) Doğruyol, Murat; Gönül, Alişan; Başboğa, MustafaThe restoration of historic building façades presents challenges worldwide, especially in terms of maintaining the structural integrity and thermal performance of the original materials. This study aims to evaluate the compatibility of different mortar types used in historical restoration, specifically comparing gypsum-based and cement-based mortars. To achieve this, a comprehensive experimental approach is employed, integrating chemical (SEM, XRD, TGA, and FT-IR), mechanical, and thermal analyses. The study presents a comparative analysis of gypsum-based mortar used in 200-year-old historic Cas houses in Siirt (Southeast of Türkiye) and cement-based mortars used in restoration and conservation applications. Findings indicate that gypsum-based mortars exhibit superior compatibility with historic masonry structures due to their porous and flexible nature, reducing structural stress and improving thermal balance. Conversely, cement-based mortars contribute to significant structural damage in historic masonry due to their rigid nature, leading to shear stress failures, particularly in seismic regions. This research provides novel insights into the role of material selection in heritage conservation, emphasizing that cement-based mortars may not be suitable for historic restorations due to their mechanical and chemical incompatibilities. Instead, the study highlights the importance of using traditional materials, such as gypsum-based mortars, to maintain the long-term durability and authenticity of historic structures.Öğe Impact of life kinetik training on balance, agility, jumping, proprioception, and cognitive function in preadolescent recreational fencing athletes: a randomized controlled trial(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-06-07) Yunus Emre Yarayan; Kadir Keskin; Okan Burçak Çelik; Betül Canbolat Güder; Serkan Kurtipek; Mehdi Aslan; Tarkan Söğüt; Tebessüm Ayyildiz Durhan; Nouf H. Alkhamees; Bodor Bin Sheeha; Abdullah F. Alghannam; Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna; Gerasimos V. Grivas; Alexios BatrakoulisBackground: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Life Kinetik (LK) exercises on balance, agility, jumping performance, proprioception, and cognitive functions in recreationally active preadolescents participating in fencing. Methods: The study lasted 8 weeks and included 22 preadolescents recreationally engaged in fencing, aged 11.6 ± 1.2 years, with an average weight of 49.5 ± 10.5 kg and an average height of 157.5 ± 10.0 cm. Preadolescents were randomly assigned to either the LK group or the control group. The experimental group participated in LK exercises twice per week, with each session lasting one hour. Results: The results indicate that the changes in Stroop, agility, vertical jump, and proprioception test performance between the pre-test and post-test for the control group are not statistically significant. However, the LK group showed statistically significant improvements in Stroop, agility, and vertical jump performance between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.001). Conversely, the change in proprioception test performance between the pre-test and post-test for the LK training group was not statistically significant. The changes in star balance test performance between the pre-test and post-test for the control group was not statistically significant. In contrast, the LK group showed a statistically significant improvement in star balance test performance between the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that while LK exercises are effective in boosting overall athletic performance, they may not be sufficient for developing specific skills such as proprioception.Öğe Serological diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of Echinococcus granulosus in experimentally infected dogs using crude and recombinant fibronectin antigens(Elsevier BV, 2025-07) Figen Celik; Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk; Muhammet Uslug; Sami SimsekEchinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic helminth responsible for cystic echinococcosis, a significant public health concern. The diagnosis of E. granulosus infections in definitive hosts, such as dogs, is challenging due to the absence of clinical signs. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of crude (EgSCA) and recombinant (rEgFN162) antigens for the detection of E. granulosus infection in dogs using ELISA and Western blot assays. Additionally, it sought to identify the most suitable antigen and method for population-based screening and post-treatment monitoring. Adult E. granulosus parasites were collected from experimentally infected dogs using arecoline hydrobromide purgation. Soluble crude antigen (EgSCA) was prepared through freeze-thaw cycles, sonication, and filtration, while recombinant fibronectin protein (rEgFN162) was obtained via gene cloning, expression, and purification in E. coli. The antigenic properties of EgSCA and rEgFN162 were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. ELISA assays were performed to assess IgG and IgM responses in experimentally infected and treated dogs. Based on IgG ELISA results, EgSCA showed a sensitivity of 96.66 % and specificity of 66.66 %, while rEgFN162 demonstrated a sensitivity of 76.66 % and specificity of 46.66 %. In Western blot analysis, EgSCA achieved a sensitivity of 90 % and specificity of 83.33 %, whereas rEgFN162 showed 66.66 % sensitivity and 73.33 % specificity. The recombinant antigen showed a higher ability to differentiate E. granulosus infections from other helminth infections. The findings suggest that rEgFN162 is a promising candidate for the serodiagnosis of E. granulosus in dogs, with potential applications in epidemiological studies and post-treatment follow-up. Further validation with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm its diagnostic accuracy in natural infections.Öğe The effect of social support perceived by parents of child burn victims on their care burden and anxiety(Elsevier BV, 2025-08) Mehmet Emin Düken; Ayşe Arıcıoğlu Sülün; Emriye Hilal Yayan; Mürşide Zengi̇n; Tekcan Sevgi̇Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of perceived social support on the caregiving burden and anxiety of parents of children with burn injuries. Material and methods: This is a correlational descriptive study. The study was conducted with parents of 52 children who were admitted and treated in a paediatric burn clinic at a university hospital between January and December, 2019. The Zarit Care Burden Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the State Anxiety Scale were used in the study. Path analysis was performed with observed variables, and structural equation model (SEM) was constructed using Amos programme. Results: The mean age of the parents was 30.94 ± 7.33 years. In the study, the cause of burns in 55.8 % of the children was contact with flame (oil, thinner, and gas) and it was found that 82.7 % of the children had third degree burns and 65.4 % had second degree burns. A positive significant correlation was found between anxiety and caregiving burden, but a negative correlation was found between anxiety and parental social support. Conclusions: The study found that the level of anxiety and caregiving burden of parents of children with burns increased as their social support decreased. In line with the results of our study, it is seen that health professionals (doctors, nurses, psychologists, social workers) working in paediatrics can involve parents in care interventions by assessing their social support, caregiving burden, and anxiety. Practice implications: It has been observed that the care burden and anxiety levels of burned children increase as the social support they receive from their parents decreases. Healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, psychologists, social workers) working in this clinic should provide social, emotional, and psychological support to parents and share the burden of care. It has been shown that as social support increases, caregiving and anxiety levels can improve significantly.Öğe Isolation and molecular identification of canine bufavirus: a novel enteric pathogen of dogs(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-06-02) Gulizar Acar; Hayrunnisa Bostan Yoru; Erdal Polat; Ahsen Nisa Aslan; Hakan Aydin; Mehmet Ozkan TimurkanCanine bufavirus (CBuV) was initially detected in dogs with respiratory symptoms and later identified in fecal samples, suggesting that it could be an enteric pathogen. Several studies have shown that CBuV can be present in both healthy and diarrheic dogs, raising questions about whether CBuV is a primary enteric pathogen. In this study, we identified, isolated, and characterized CBuV from swab samples from dogs. A total of 119 samples from diarrheic dogs were analyzed by PCR, targeting a portion of the VP2 gene of CBuV. CBuV was detected in five dogs (4.2%). For virus isolation, CBuV-positive samples were inoculated onto an MDCK cell culture, and CPE was observed for one sample, which was tested for CBuV as well as other frequently detected enteric pathogens (canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus type 2, and canine coronavirus), but CBuV was the only virus detected. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CBuV isolates from this study are closely related to strains from China and India. The detection of CBuV in this study suggests that it might play a distinct role in canine diarrhea. Further studies are needed to investigate its genetic characteristics, epidemiology, and biological significance.Öğe Energy Budgeting and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Pomegranate Production in Türkiye(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-30) Mehmet Fırat Baran; Ekrem KadakThe aim of this study was to determine the energy use and greenhouse gas emission in ‘Zivzik’ pomegranate production in Siirt province, Türkiye. The main material of the study was the data obtained from 186 pomegranate producers by the survey method. The total and average pomegranate orchard area in the research area were calculated as 98.80 ha and 0.53 ha, respectively. Total energy input in pomegranate production was found to be 53,831.72 MJ ha−1 and energy output was found to be 66,227.11 MJ ha−1. In pomegranate production, energy use efficiency was 1.23, energy productivity was 0.65 kg MJ−1, specific energy was 1.54 MJ kg−1, and net energy was 12,395.39 MJ ha−1. The shares of direct, indirect, renewable, and non-renewable energy sources were found to be 30.79%, 69.21%, 12.57% and 87.43%, respectively. Total greenhouse gas emission was determined as 4504.21 kg CO2‑eq ha−1, and the greenhouse gas emission ratio was determined as 0.129 kg CO2‑eq kg−1. It was concluded that fertilizer input had the highest share in pomegranate input energy equivalents and greenhouse gas emissions. Since the energy use efficiency is higher than 1, it is possible to say that the inputs are used efficiently, but this ratio can be increased by using more efficient inputs. © The author(s), exclusively licensed to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, a part of Springer Nature 2025.Öğe Optimal Solutions of the Time-Fractional Wave Models(2025) Alzkari T.; Jan, Himayat Ullah; Akgül, AliIn this article, we provide an update on the optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM) in this work. This semi-analytical approach uses the Caputo fractional derivative operator (FOAFM) to solve fractional order differential equations. The efficiency and reliability of the method are shown by using modified equal-width model (MEW), equal-width model (EW), and regularized long wave model (RLW). Hydromagnetics waves in cold plasma are largely dependent on the aforementioned models. Our objective is to study the nonlinear behavior of the plasma system and determine its important features. The results show that even at the first iteration, our proposed method is simple, less expensive computationally, and rapidly converges to accurate results. The presence of the proper auxiliary constants allows for the achievement of convergence and stability. The technique has a remarkable ability to solve many different scientific and technical problems.Öğe Role of HMGB1 on the onset of preeclampsia(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-29) Mehmet Yılmaz; Fikri Erdemci; Fırat Aşır; Fatih Taş; Tuğcan Korak; Ayşegül Aşır; Nizamettin Bozbay; İbrahim BatmazBackground: The molecular mechanisms differentiating early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE) from late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE) remain unclear. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune responses and oxidative stress, has emerged as a potential contributor to PE pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate expression of HMGB1 in the placentas of EO- and LO-PE patients by immunohistochemical methods and in silico analysis. Methods: This experimental case-control study included 20 EO-PE, 20 LO-PE, and 20 normotensive control pregnant women. Placental samples underwent immunohistochemical staining to determine HMGB1 expression levels, which were analyzed semiquantitatively using ImageJ software. Bioinformatic analysis utilizing STRING and Cytoscape identified HMGB1-associated protein networks and pathways relevant to PE. Clinical and biochemical parameters were statistically analyzed. Results: HMGB1 expression was significantly elevated in placentas from EO-PE patients compared to both LO-PE and control groups (p < 0.05). Histopathological assessment indicated severe structural disruptions in EO-PE placentas, including increased fibrin deposition, vascular degeneration, and higher incidence of apoptotic cells. Bioinformatics revealed significant interactions of HMGB1 with cytokine signaling pathways (IL-4, IL-13, IL-10) and platelet-related pathways (platelet activation and aggregation). Clinically, EO-PE patients exhibited higher systemic inflammatory markers (CRP, WBC, NLR) and greater biochemical evidence of multi-organ dysfunction. Conclusions: This study identifies significantly increased HMGB1 placental expression predominantly in EO-PE, supporting its role in heightened inflammation and endothelial dysfunction characteristic of this subgroup, suggesting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target specifically for EO-PE.Öğe Determination of Population Change and Damage Rate of Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Pistachio Orchards in Türkiye(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-28) Fırat Okalin; Mehmet KaplanThis study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 in two pistachio orchards of 15 and 30 decares, respectively, in Ataba & gbreve;& imath; town, Baykan district, Siirt province, T & uuml;rkiye, where pistachio production is intensive. The aim was to determine the adult population dynamics and infestation rate of the pistachio twig borer (Kermania pistaciella Amsel. [Lepidoptera: Tineidae]). Pest population density was determined using sex pheromone traps. Additionally, to determine the infestation rate of K. pistaciella in the sampled orchards, 100 shoots and fruit clusters were examined. As a result of the study, the first adults of K. pistaciella were detected in the pheromone traps on April 20, 2023 (42-14 adults/trap), with the highest number recorded on April 29 (903-98 individuals/trap), and the last adults observed in nature on May 22. In 2024, the first adults appeared on April 13 (29-8 adults/trap), the highest number was recorded on April 21 (1120-275 adults/trap), and the last adults were observed in nature on May 18. The flight period of K. pistaciella adults in nature was determined to be 33 and 36 days in 2023 and 2024, respectively. During the study years, the average infestation rate of K. pistaciella in pistachio orchards was found to be 34.5 and 28% in shoots, while the infestation rate in fruit clusters was 8.8 and 9.1% on average, respectively.Öğe Predicting Weaning Weight of Romanov Lambs From Biometric Measurements Before Weaning Age Using Machine Learning Algorithms(Wiley, 2025-05-28) Mehmet Eroğlu; Ali Osman Turgut; Mürsel Küçük; Muhammed Furkan ÖnenBackgroundMachine learning systems learn from historical data to forecast future outcomes. In the context of livestock farming, machine learning can be utilized to predict variables such as growth rates, milk production and breeding success by analysing data related to animal health, nutrition and environmental conditions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the performance of different machine learning algorithms in predicting weaning weight based on biometric measurements of Romanov lambs at 30 days of age.MethodsThe biometric traits of the lambs, including body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), chest depth (CD), chest width (CH), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), rump width (RW) and sex were used to construct predictive models. The study employed random forest (RF), classification and regression trees (CART), gradient boosting (GB), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and CatBoost algorithms. The data was standardized to eliminate scale differences and divided into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. GridSearchCV was utilized for hyperparameter optimization. The performance of the models was evaluated using various goodness-of-fit metrics, including RMSE, MAE, R2, MAPE, RAE, MAD and SD ratio.ResultsThe gradient boosting and XGBoost models performed the highest R2 values and the lowest RMSE, MAE and MAPE values in the test data. In contrast, the random forest and CatBoost models showed lower predictive performance, with higher errors in the test data.ConclusionThe study suggests that machine learning algorithms, particularly gradient boosting and XGBoost, show promising potential in predicting the weaning weight of lambs. These insights may facilitate more informed decision-making in animal breeding and selection, potentially contributing to enhanced livestock management practices.Öğe Nano-Priming as Seed Priming Technology for Sustainable Agriculture(Apple Academic Press, 2025-02-21) Fatih Çiğ; Rojin Özek; Murat Erman; Sipan Soysal; Özge Uçar; Zeki Erden; Mustafa Ceritoğlu; Çağdaş Can Toprak; Sönmez Özbey; Muhammad A. Raza; Javeed A. Lone; Saifullah Abro; Muhammad Arshad; Mehmet EfeAgriculture is threatened by climate change and by the depletion of resources and biodiversity. Exploring new farming methods is needed to increase crop production and ensure food quality and safety in a sustainable way. Nanotechnology is an emerging trend that contributes to sustaining agricultural production. Seed nano-priming helps improve seed germination, seedling emergence, growth, and yield by resisting various plant stresses. Nano-priming is a more effective method than any other seed preparation method. Studies have shown several benefits of using seed nano-priming. By regulating biochemical pathways and the balance between reactive oxygen species and plant growth hormones, nano-priming helps increase resistance against stresses and diseases with the limited use of pesticides and fertilizers.Moreover, nano-priming prevents the continued damage caused by conventional agriculture, resulting in an environmentally safer system for farmers and consumers. The present review provides an overview of developments in the field, showing the challenges and possibilities of using nanotechnology in seed nano-priming to contribute to sustainable farming practices.Öğe NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE: A Potential Tool for Abiotic Stress Tolerance(Apple Academic Press, 2025-02-21) Ashwani Kumar; Ayamn El SabaghNanotechnology is emerging as an exciting field of research in relation to agriculture today, mainly due to its potential for tackling the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and climate change. This new book throws light on the use of nanoparticles as nanofertifilizers and details their prospective applications in agricultural science, including their use in minimizing the consequences of climate change, enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency, and achieving abiotic stress management. With chapters contributed by expert researchers from around the world, this book summarizes the importance of nanotechnology in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, presenting the latest research on the application of nanotechnology in agriculture crop production, its various applications in crop growth enhancement under different abiotic stress conditions, and the uses of various nanoparticles in agricultural fields for better yield and productivity. The book begins with a basic introduction to the concept of nanotechnology and its role in modern agriculture and proceeds to cover some of the latest trends and highlighting the prospects of nanotechnology in promoting sustainable agriculture through nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanoencapsulation, nanosensors, nanobarcodes, and intelligent distribution systems. It also details important topics such as nano-priming as seed priming technology for sustainable agriculture, the role of Si and nano-silicon (SiNP) in ameliorating biotic and abiotic stresses, and more. The use of nanotechnology in specific plants is also discussed, such as, for example, in cotton, forage crops, medicinal crops, etc. Covering nanotechnology for its diverse use in agriculture, focusing on both its possibilities and challenges, this book will be valuable for researchers and agricultural scientists as well as for faculty and students in the emerging field of nanotechnology in agricultural sciences.Öğe Nanotechnologies: New Opportunities in Agriculture(Apple Academic Press, 2025-02-21) Carine Nono Temegne; Annie Stephanie Nana; Emmanuel Youmbi; M. S. Islam; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Muhammad Zahid Ihsan; Disna Ratnasekera; Celaluddin Barutcular; Ömer Konuşkan; Ayman El SabaghExponentially increasing human population and environmental concerns have necessitated exploiting the potential uses of nanotechnologies in agriculture, which can boost agricultural production in a biologically viable, commercially economical, and environmentally sustainable manner. Many countries have used nano-products in the agriculture sector with unprecedented advantages under the current climate change scenario. However, limited knowledge of nano-products on human health and the biosafety of foods needs immediate attention. This chapter synthesizes the present trends and highlights the prospects of nanotechnology in promoting sustainable agriculture through nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanoencapsulation, nanosensors, nanobarcodes, and intelligent distribution systems. The opportunities to use nanoparticles to reduce the damaging effects of agricultural practices on the environment and health, protect crops against pests, improve waste management, optimize food quality and safety, and supply fertilizers in a farming manufacturing system for a viable environment have been objectively elaborated.
