Pistachio Shell Ash in Agro-Waste Cement Composites: A Pathway to Low-Carbon Binders

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dc.contributor.authorMahmut Durmaz
dc.contributor.authorMurat Doğruyol
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-27T07:29:07Z
dc.date.available2025-05-27T07:29:07Z
dc.date.issued2025-04-29
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.description.abstractThis study evaluates pistachio shell ash (PSA) as a sustainable cement substitute and investigates its effect on setting time, strength and microstructure. In this study, pistachio shell ash (PSA) obtained from the kiln flue gas filter of pistachio shells burnt at 300–350 °C in an industrial kiln was used. PSA was substituted for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. PSA increased the SO3 value in the cement mortars, so 5% PSA substitution delayed the cement setting time by up to 174%. However, it increased the water requirement of the cement mortar by about 2%. While it increased the early strength (22% on day 1, 15% on day 2, and 5% on day 7), the 28-day strength decreased slightly (about 4.5%) due to low pozzolanic activity. Microstructural analyses such as SEM-EDX and XRD showed that the calcite and gypsum phases of PSA provided early strength gains, but there were long-term losses. With a 5% replacement rate, PSA provides significant environmental benefits by reducing CO2 emissions while maintaining optimum mechanical performance and supports the circular economy through the efficient use of agricultural waste.
dc.identifier.citationDurmaz, M., & Doğruyol, M. (2025). Pistachio Shell Ash in Agro-Waste Cement Composites: A Pathway to Low-Carbon Binders. Sustainability, 17(9), 4003.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su17094003
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.issue9
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105004909113
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su17094003
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8679
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wos001486707900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorDurmaz, Mahmut
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectbiomass
dc.subjectcement
dc.subjectcompressive strength
dc.subjectpistachio shell ash
dc.subjectsetting time
dc.titlePistachio Shell Ash in Agro-Waste Cement Composites: A Pathway to Low-Carbon Binders
dc.typejournal-article
oaire.citation.issue9
oaire.citation.volume17

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