Pistachio Shell Ash in Agro-Waste Cement Composites: A Pathway to Low-Carbon Binders
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2025-04-29
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
MDPI AG
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
This study evaluates pistachio shell ash (PSA) as a sustainable cement substitute and investigates its effect on setting time, strength and microstructure. In this study, pistachio shell ash (PSA) obtained from the kiln flue gas filter of pistachio shells burnt at 300–350 °C in an industrial kiln was used. PSA was substituted for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. PSA increased the SO3 value in the cement mortars, so 5% PSA substitution delayed the cement setting time by up to 174%. However, it increased the water requirement of the cement mortar by about 2%. While it increased the early strength (22% on day 1, 15% on day 2, and 5% on day 7), the 28-day strength decreased slightly (about 4.5%) due to low pozzolanic activity. Microstructural analyses such as SEM-EDX and XRD showed that the calcite and gypsum phases of PSA provided early strength gains, but there were long-term losses. With a 5% replacement rate, PSA provides significant environmental benefits by reducing CO2 emissions while maintaining optimum mechanical performance and supports the circular economy through the efficient use of agricultural waste.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
biomass, cement, compressive strength, pistachio shell ash, setting time
Kaynak
Sustainability
WoS Q Değeri
Q3
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
17
Sayı
9
Künye
Durmaz, M., & Doğruyol, M. (2025). Pistachio Shell Ash in Agro-Waste Cement Composites: A Pathway to Low-Carbon Binders. Sustainability, 17(9), 4003.
