FytoSol, a Promising Plant Defense Elicitor, Controls Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Disease in the Tomato by Inducing Host Resistance-Associated Gene Expression

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dc.authoridBEKTAS, YASEMIN/0000-0002-6884-2234
dc.contributor.authorBektas, Yasemin
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-24T19:33:37Z
dc.date.available2024-12-24T19:33:37Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentSiirt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractEarly blight (EB), caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, is one of the most common and destructive diseases in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The use of fungicides is a prominent tactic used to control EB; however, their undesirable effects on the environment and human health, as well as involvement in the development of resistant strains, have driven researchers to search for new alternatives. Plant defense elicitors are exogenous defense-triggering molecules that induce a plant's defense system associated with extensive transcriptional- and metabolic reprogramming of the genome and do not cause direct toxicity to phytopathogens. Moreover, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) was an early-identified and strong plant defense elicitor to various phytopathogens. Recently, the combination of chitosan oligomers and pectin-derived oligogalacturonides that can mimic the induction of plants by a pathogen or damaged-derived molecules (PAMP and DAMP) were characterized as defense elicitors, named FytoSol. In this study, the preventive roles of these two defense elicitors-FytoSol and INA-against EB disease and its molecular basis, were explored. According to the results, FytoSol significantly reduced disease severity by an average of 30% for almost one month with an AUDPC value of 399 compared to the control, which had an AUDPC value of 546. On the contrary, INA did not provide any protection against EB. Gene expression analyses of these two distinct plant defense elicitors indicated that the expression patterns of several SA-, JA-, or ET-pathway-related genes (Pti4, TPK1b, Pto kinase, TomloxD, PRB1-2, SABP2, WRKY33b, WRKY70, PR-5, and PR3) were induced by defense elicitors differently. FytoSol extensively upregulated gene expressions of PR3, downregulated the SA-related defense pathway, and provided remarkable protection against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani. On the contrary, INA mostly induced genes related to biotrophic and/or hemibiotrophic pathogen protection. Our results indicate that FytoSol is a promising plant defense elicitor against EB and the modes of action of the elicitors are important to characterize their effects against pathogens. Further research may extend the use of defense elicitors as alternatives to pesticides in agriculture.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/horticulturae8060484
dc.identifier.issn2311-7524
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85131604452
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060484
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8221
dc.identifier.volume8
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000815898900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofHorticulturae
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241222
dc.subjectplant defense inducer
dc.subjectplant immunity
dc.subjectearly blight
dc.subjectSolanum lycopersicum
dc.subjectfungus
dc.titleFytoSol, a Promising Plant Defense Elicitor, Controls Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Disease in the Tomato by Inducing Host Resistance-Associated Gene Expression
dc.typeArticle

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