A Comprehensive Review of Cyber Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, Attacks, and Solutions

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dc.authoridOzkan, Merve/0000-0002-1071-2541
dc.authoridASLAN, Omer/0000-0003-0737-1966
dc.authoridYILMAZ, Abdullah Asim/0000-0002-3014-609X
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Omer
dc.contributor.authorAktug, Semih Serkant
dc.contributor.authorOzkan-Okay, Merve
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Abdullah Asim
dc.contributor.authorAkin, Erdal
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-24T19:33:34Z
dc.date.available2024-12-24T19:33:34Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentSiirt Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractInternet usage has grown exponentially, with individuals and companies performing multiple daily transactions in cyberspace rather than in the real world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated this process. As a result of the widespread usage of the digital environment, traditional crimes have also shifted to the digital space. Emerging technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), social media, wireless communication, and cryptocurrencies are raising security concerns in cyberspace. Recently, cyber criminals have started to use cyber attacks as a service to automate attacks and leverage their impact. Attackers exploit vulnerabilities that exist in hardware, software, and communication layers. Various types of cyber attacks include distributed denial of service (DDoS), phishing, man-in-the-middle, password, remote, privilege escalation, and malware. Due to new-generation attacks and evasion techniques, traditional protection systems such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, access control lists, etc., are no longer effective in detecting these sophisticated attacks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find innovative and more feasible solutions to prevent cyber attacks. The paper first extensively explains the main reasons for cyber attacks. Then, it reviews the most recent attacks, attack patterns, and detection techniques. Thirdly, the article discusses contemporary technical and nontechnical solutions for recognizing attacks in advance. Using trending technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, cloud platforms, big data, and blockchain can be a promising solution for current and future cyber attacks. These technological solutions may assist in detecting malware, intrusion detection, spam identification, DNS attack classification, fraud detection, recognizing hidden channels, and distinguishing advanced persistent threats. However, some promising solutions, especially machine learning and deep learning, are not resistant to evasion techniques, which must be considered when proposing solutions against intelligent cyber attacks.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/electronics12061333
dc.identifier.issn2079-9292
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85151702439
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061333
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8201
dc.identifier.volume12
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000955072300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofElectronics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_20241222
dc.subjectcyber security
dc.subjectcyber attacks
dc.subjectcyber threats
dc.subjectnetwork security
dc.titleA Comprehensive Review of Cyber Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, Attacks, and Solutions
dc.typeReview Article

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