The Approach of Challenge to Produce a Single Verse of Qur'?n (al-Tahadd? with ?yat) in Islamic Thought and Its Analysis
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Sakarya Univ
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
While viewing the al-Qur'an al-Karim's inimitability literature, it's perceived that scholars en-deavor to find out some solutions about the meaning of i'jaz, the nature of the challenge (tahaddi) and how this phenomenon occurs. They assert many theories on this subject by associating it with nazm, fasaha and balaga. On this basis, the theories of scholars on the theme of how much of the Qur'an is a miracle and the minimum amount of challenge to their opponents can be classified as challenge with eternal speech (al-kalam al-kadim), challenge with Qur'an, chal-lenge with turning away/incapacitation (as-sarfa), challenge with surah and challenge with the verse. Among these theories, the challenge with the verse is the topic of the present study.Pursuant to this approach, verses or parts of verses, which are the smallest unit of the Qur'an, are miraculous, and opponents are challenged with them.This theory is scattered among the basic classics of Islamic literature and can hardly be detected between the lines of the related works. Despite this difficulty, the names of some scholars on this subject can be identified. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, al-Rummani, al-Bakillani, Ibn Hazm, Abu Ya'la al-Farra, al-Kalvazani, Kadi 'Iyaz, Sayf al-Din al-Amidi, Ibn Taymiyyah, Badr al-Din al-Zarka5i, al-Birmavi, Ibn Hadjar al-'Askalani, Ali al-Kari, Abdulgani b. Shakir, Rahmatullah al-Hindi, Mu -hammed Anvar Kasmiri, Muhammed al-Zurkani, Muhammed al-Gamravi and Nur al-Din 'Itr are among those who adopt the approach of challenge with verse in Islamic thought. Therefore, it is determined that there are proponents of this approach from both the classical and modern peri-ods. It's seen that some of the scholars in question, taking the number of verses of Surah al-Kawthar as a measure, argue that the lowest limit of the challenge is three verses or a single verse that is equal to the volume of three verses of it. Based on this approach, the number of miracles challenged and contained by the Qur'an will exceed two thousand since there is a con-sensus that there are about six thousand two hundred verses in the Qur'an.It's observed that some scholars interpret the word hadith revealed in the 34th verse of Surah at-Tur with a single verse, and by using this word, talk about the possibility of challenge with the verse. According to this, there are as many miracles as the number of verses in the Qur'an, and opponents are challenged with them. In addition to that, there are those who base their approach to challenging with the verse taking the 88th verse of Surah al-Isra, the passages containing their helplessness towards God (al-ajwibah al-muskitah), and the rumors (riwayat) about supe-riority among the verses as evidence. Thus, with the aforementioned justification methods, it's understood that the scholars in question claim that all the meaningful and meaningless parts of the Qur'an are subject to challenge and leave the opponents incapacitated.In the present study, the justification methods of the mentioned scholars who stated that the challenge is realized with the verse are first conveyed in a descriptive style, and then they are examined from an analytical perspective. Finally, the approach of the challenge with the verse is analyzed in regard to the principle of complying with the integrity of the Qur'an. In summary, it could be said that when the principle of the integrity of the Qur'an is taken as a basis, it doesn't seem possible to argue that the fasaha and balaga aspects occur equally in each verse. Since it isn't possible to say that the verses consisting of two letters or a single word in the Qur'an are the subject of challenge or they are miracles, it must be difficult to extend the idea of challenging by verse to all verses. In this case, we think that it's a more accurate approach to argue that the challenge takes place in the integrity of each surah, not in the verses or fragments of verses, regardless of whether they are short or long. On the other hand, it's possible to assert that the approach of challenge with the verse contradicts the passages in which divine quotations make up about a quarter or half of the Qur'an. When we accept that the challenge is realized by the verse, we have to accept that the passages about the words of human beings, which imitate the archaic times and the interlocutors of the Qur'an in the period of revelation, are miraculous. In the head, since such an approach will naturally cancel the Qur'an's understanding of i'jaz and challenge, it's deduced that it's indispensable to argue that the challenge is with surah, whether it is short or long.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tafsir, the Qur'an's Inimitability (I'jaz al-Qur'an), Surah Al-Kawthar, the 34th Verse of the Surah al-Tur, Divine Quotations
Kaynak
Sakarya Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi-Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Theology
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
25
Sayı
48
