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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/2757

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 1878

New distributional data for the genera Empis Linnaeus and Rhamphomyia Meigen (Diptera: Empididae) in the Marmara Region with new records from Turkey
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Ciftci, Mustafa Cemal; Hasbenli, Abdullah
This study is based on Empis and Rhamphomyia (Diptera: Empididae) specimens collected from the Marmara Region between the years 2008 and 2010. Out of a total of 28 species that were found in this study, 14 species are new records for the Turkish fauna. Distributions of these species in Turkey have been mapped, and the Palaearctic distributions were given. Geographic distributions of all species are further discussed.
Prolonged gestation in a Swedish Red cow due to fetal unilateral adrenal gland dysgenesis
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Karakaya Bilen, Ebru; Akkoc, Ahmet; Guner, Baris; Yilmazbas Mecitoglu, Gulnaz; Gumen, Ahmet; Keskin, Abdulkadir
A 5-year-old Swedish Red cow, pregnant for 465 days according to the last insemination record, was presented in this case. She conceived by artificial insemination at spontaneous estrus using frozen-thawed sperm of Swedish Red sire. No abnormalities were detected during gestation and no clinical signs of parturition at the expected time of delivery were noted. She was reexamined several times to eliminate breeding records error and, once prolonged gestation was confirmed, parturition was induced. The calf survived birth but died 10 min after birth. A macroscopically giant fetus was diagnosed. Following necropsy, some congenital anomalies were noticed. While the structure of the right adrenal gland was normal, disorganized soft tissue was observed in the left one, in which cortical and medullar regions could not be distinguished. The calf's pituitary gland was also normal. Thus, prolonged gestation was attributed to a case of unilateral adrenal gland dysgenesis.
An effective prediction method for network state information in SD-WAN
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Akin, Erdal; Sarac, Ferdi; Aslan, Omer
In a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN), a logically centralized controller is responsible for computing and installing paths in order to transfer packets among geographically distributed locations and remote users. Accordingly, this would necessitate obtaining the global view and dynamic network state information (NSI) of the network. Therefore, the centralized controller periodically collects link-state information from each port of each switch at fixed time periods. While collecting NSI in short periods causes protocol overhead on the controller, collecting in longer periods leads to obtaining inaccurate NSI. In both cases, packet losses are inevitable, which is not preferred for quality of service (QoS). Packet loss needs to be reduced by minimizing the protocol overload on the controller and collecting accurate NSI to provide better QoS. This work proposes an effective prediction method for collecting NSI (PM-NSI) that significantly reduces packet loss and controller protocol load allowing the controller to collect accurate NSI in longer periods. The proposed method is compared against the existing NSI collection method, which collects NSI periodically, in use on the RYU controller and the Mininet emulator by using a dynamic routing algorithm. The test results indicated that PM-NSI reduces controller load around 1000% by collecting NSI in longer periods and so outperforms the existing periodic NSI collection method in terms of packet loss, jitter, controller load, and thus QoS.
Synthesis of 2-substituted 8-propargyloxyquinoline derivatives and determination of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and DNA binding activities
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2018) Gumus, Aysegul; Okumus, Veysi; Gumus, Selcuk
2-Substituted 8-propargyloxyquinoline derivatives have been synthesized from 2-substituted-8-hydroxyquinolines by O-propargylation method (30%-98% yields). The newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous chelating, and reducing power activities. The maximum radical scavenging (46.5%) and reducing power activities were obtained from 1 and maximum ferrous chelating effect was obtained from 6 (72.1%) at the concentration of 500 mu g/mL. To indicate DNA binding activity of the complexes calf thymus DNA was used. The compounds were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against three gram-positive and three gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested gram-positive bacteria.
Synthesis, biological evaluation of antioxidant-antibacterial activities and computational studies of novel anthracene- and pyrene-based Schiff base derivatives
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Gumus, Aysegul; Okumus, Veysi; Gumus, Selcuk
Schiff base derivatives with anthracene- and pyrene-based units, Al-A6 and P1-P6 were synthesized (89%-99% yields). Schiff base derivatives were designed to possess an heterocyclic moiety on one side to enhance the coordination ability towards metals. To investigate the biological assay of the newly synthesized compounds, their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, metal chelating, reducing power, antibacterial and DNA binding activities were tested. A6 (63.1%) showed the maximum free radical scavenging activity among all. However, compound P3 at concentration of 200 mu g/mL possessed the highest metal chelating (45.8%) activity and power of reduction. In addition, P3 and A6 showed antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested and both compounds were very well bound to CT-DNA. Density functional theory method with B3LYP/6-311++ G(d,p) basis set was performed to get information about the structural and electronic properties of the present compounds. In addition, the metal coordination properties of the dimers of the parent Schiff bases were investigated through interactions with Zn2+.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoline-triazole and quinolone-triazole conjugates
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2018) Gumus, Aysegul; Okumus, Veysi
One-pot synthesis of novel quinoline- and quinolone-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles has been performed from the key intermediates, quinoline- and quinolone-substituted propargyl derivatives 1-3 (48%-88% yields). The antioxidant properties of the newly synthesized compounds, 1a-1c, 2a-2c, and 3a-3c, were evaluated by monitoring DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging abilities, metal chelating effects, and reducing power. The scavenging effects of compounds on the free radical decreased in the order of 3b > 3a > 1b and were found to be 36.3%, 34.9%, and 27.6% at the concentration of 500 mu g/mL, respectively. All of the compounds showed low chelating capacity. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was studied against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the DNA binding ability of the compounds was evaluated with calf thymus DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis.
Investigation of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) resistance in almond rootstocks with DNA markers
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Turkoglu, Sultan Bay; Coban, Nergiz; Ozkan, Ali; Atli, Halit Seyfettin; Can, Canan
Seven almond varieties, Ferragnes, Nemaguard, AB3 (Amygdalus orientalis Mill.), GN22, GF677, Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera), and Pissardi nigra, and F-1 crossbreed almonds, Ferragnes x Pissardi nigra, Ferragnes x Myrobalan, Ferragnes x GN22, Nemaguard x GF677, Myrobalan x AB3 (Prunus dulcis Mill.), Myrobalan x Ferragnes, Pissardi nigra x AB3, and GF677 x Myrobalan, were used to determine resistance against root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.) using DNA markers. Parental lines and 316 F-1 plants were tested with SSR (plgms8, plgms9, and plgms19) and STS (STS-OPS14a, STS-834b) markers. It was found that plgms19 exhibited 76%, 77.01%, 73.13%, and 86.6% inheritance of resistance in the Ferragnes x Pissardi nigra, Ferragnes x Myrobalan, Ferragnes x GN22, and Nemaguard x GF677 F-1 populations, respectively. No resistance was detected in the Nemaguard x GF677 population with the plgms8 marker. Since the plgms19 and STS-834b primers were found to be effective at high ratios in determining resistance to RKN in the Nemaguard x GF677 F-1 population, the use of these markers could be included in breeding studies. It was also detected that the STS-OPS14a primer is appropriate to use for determining the sensitivity to RKN in almond rootstocks.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of GDF9 gene/exon 2 region and their associations with milk yield and milk content traits in Karakas and Norduz sheep breeds
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Koyun, Hasan; Kiraz, Selahaddin; Karaca, Serhat; Koncagul, Seyrani; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Kadir; Yesilova, Abdullah
Karakas and Norduz sheep have been adapted to the Lake Van region of Turkey for many years as being domestic genetic resources and meat, milk, and fleece traits are a reliable economic resource especially preferred by small family businesses around the area. In this study, the data set consisted of milk yield (MY) and milk content components; milk fat (MF), fat-free dry matter (FFDM), dry matter (DM), protein (Pro), lactose (Lac), pH, acidity H (aH), and lactic acid (Lac). Besides, Karakas (n = 30) and Norduz (n = 26) sheep were chosen to investigate based on the SNP method. Correspondingly, genomic DNA from both breeds exon 2 of the GDF9 gene region was amplified, 815 base pairs (bp) in length, by means of PCR. Therefore, there were three noval SNPs detected in both breeds under investigation. Although SNP1 and 2 with genotypes of GG and AG had statistically significant impacts on both milk production and milk components (p < 0.01), SNP3 with genotypes of TT, TC had no significant effects on the milk characteristics in question.
Natural dissemination of hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica strain used for biological control of chestnut blight
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2017) Celiker, Naciye Mukerrem; Kaplan, Cevdet; Onogur, Ersin; Cetinel, Barbaros; Poyraz, Dilek; Uysal, Ayse
Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica Murr. Barr, is the most serious disease of chestnut trees in Turkey on which several studies related to biological control were conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of the occurrence of healing cankers on untreated chestnut trees and the role of carriers in the spread of hypovirulence by laboratory tests, and to discover the effect of some environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity) on the natural spreading of hypovirulence. The study was carried out in a chestnut grove where biological control studies of the disease had been performed in previous years. Bark samples were collected from healed cankers and 388 possibly hypovirulent isolates were obtained. Two of them that were white converted virulent isolates to hypovirulent ones, but others developed yellowish cream-colored mycelia and did not convert virulent isolates. dsRNA analysis was performed on randomly selected possible hypovirulent isolates collected from healed cankers. After the virus concentration had increased, dsRNA-positive reactions were obtained for 56.73% of the isolates. Thirty-one possible hypovirulent isolates from Formicidae and Gastropoda did not convert virulent isolates to hypovirulent ones. dsRNA analysis was performed on these isolates and 61.29% of them containing dsRNA were observed in the invertebrates collected from cankers that had healed from hypovirulence. It was also observed that there was no significant difference among the date of average temperatures and date of relative humidity from 3 different altitudes. It was determined that the reason for the occurrence of the healed cankers on untreated trees was the natural dissemination of hypovirulence, ants and snails might have played a role in the natural dissemination of hypovirulence, and healed cankers mostly occurred on the western sides of shaded slopes.
Potential antidiabetic activity of benzimidazole derivative albendazole and lansoprazole drugs in different doses in experimental type 2 diabetic rats
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Dik, Burak; Coskun, Devran; Bahcivan, Emre; Uney, Kamil
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of albendazole and lansoprazole, which were benzimidazole derivatives, on endocrinologic and biochemical parameters in experimental type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Materials and methods: In this study, 46 male Wistar Albino rats were used. Animals were divided as healthy control (0.1 mL/rat/day saline, s.c, n = 6), diabetes control (0.1 mL/rat/day saline, s.c, n = 8), diabetes+low-dose albendazole (5 mg/kg, oral, n = 8), diabetes+high-dose albendazole (10 mg/kg, oral n = 8), diabetes+low-dose lansoprazole (15 mg/kg, subcutaneous, n = 8), and diabetes+high-dose lansoprazole (30 mg/kg, subcutaneous, n = 8). All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The blood samples were analyzed by autoanalyzer and ELISA kits for biochemical and endocrinological parameters, respectively. Results: Glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, low density cholesterol (LDL), leptin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels increased and insulin and HOMA-beta levels decreased in the diabetic rats compared to the healthy control group. The glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels were partially decreased; however, insulin and HOMA-beta levels were increased by low-dose albendazole therapy. The high dose of lansoprazole treatment increased insulin level. Conclusion: The lansoprazole and albendazole treatments can be a potential drug or combined with antidiabetic drugs in T2D treatment by Adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), incretin-like effect and other antidiabetic mechanisms. It may be beneficial to create an effective treatment strategy by developing more specific substances with benzimidazole scaffold.
Glossaries in Arabic Literature in terms of Main Objectives and Features
(Sirnak Univ, 2021) Yesil, Selman
The importance of scientific language unity in the Islamic world was discerned in the early period, thus mu`cems / dictionaries that compiled Arabic words in terms of their lexical meanings were written while dictionary studies on the terms were also carried out to ensure scientific language unity. The main factor and goal in the formation and development of these studies is the effort to protect and understand the Quran, which is the source of Islam. For this purpose, the words in the Quran that are named Garibu'l-Qur'an were compiled and explained to understand the rarely used words, in a way that counts as the core of the dictionary studies. In the following process, these studies have developed in terms of content and have claimed to cover all words in Arabic. As far as is known, the first example that complies with the dictionary definition was provided by Halil b. Ahmed (d. 175/791) in the 2/8th century. Then, different types of dictionaries with distinctive methods yet serving the same purpose emerged. After the maturation of compilation activities in Islamic studies, some original terms emerged in the disciplines such as fiqh, hadith, mysticism, and kalam, and a body of enriched literature was formed. For this reason, it became necessary to compile the terms in question under a single roof to determine their scope and to ensure scientific language unity. This study aims to examine closely the glossaries written for this purpose in the Islamic world and to reveal their contributions to scientific language unity. Within this scope, primarily some brief information was provided about the historical process, sources, types, and contents of Arabic dictionaries, and then glossaries were examined in terms of source, content, and method, including their interactions both among themselves and with other dictionaries. Furthermore, the glossaries in question were categorized in terms of method, and their contribution to the objectives was determined with a critical approach. Glossaries can be examined under two main headings in terms of their content and design. Regarding content, glossaries are divided into two subgroups: dictionaries containing terms in a certain field of science and dictionaries covering the concepts in Islamic disciplines. The first group includes dictionaries dealing with the terms of a certain discipline and those written by certain authors to explain the terms relating to their sects. Abu Hafs Necmuddin Omer b. Mohammed b. Ahmed en-Nasafi as-Semerkandi's (d. 537/1142) Tilbetu't-talebe and Kasim al-Konevi's (d. 978/1571) Enisu'l-fukaha, written in the field of fiqh terms, are typical examples of this genre. The second group contains the works that gather the concepts of all Islamic disciplines in a single work. The most typical example of such glossaries is Curcani's Kitabu'd-ta`rifat, a work that left a profound influence in the Islamic world. In terms of design, although there are different types, it is generally preferred to arrange the concepts alphabetically. However, as Curcani applied in Ta`rifat, some authors started the alphabetical order from the first letter, based on the usage of the concept they dealt with, while others listed the concepts according to the alphabetical order of the first letter in their nominative form, based on the root form of the concept. It is possible to give Mu`cemu'l-mustalahati'n-nahviyye ve's-sarfiyye by Muhammed Semir Najib el-Lebidi as an example to the second group.
GENDER IDENTIFICATION FROM LEFT HAND-WRIST X-RAY IMAGES WITH A HYBRID DEEP LEARNING METHOD
(Konya Teknik Univ, 2023) Ozdemir, Cuneyt; Gedik, Mehmet Ali; Kucuker, Hudaverdi; Kaya, Yilmaz
In forensic investigations, characteristics such as gender, age, ethnic origin, and height are important in determining biological identity. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based decision support system for gender recognition from wrist radiographs using 13,935 images collected from individuals aged between 2 and 79 years. Differences in all regions of the images, such as carpal bones, radius, ulna bones, epiphysis, cortex, and medulla, were utilized. A hybrid model was proposed for gender determination from X-ray images, in which deep metrics were combined in appropriate layers of transfer learning methods. Although gender determination from X-ray images obtained from different countries has been reported in the literature, no such study has been conducted in Turkey. It was found that gender discrimination yielded different results for males and females. Gender identification was found to be more successful in females aged between 10 and 40 years than in males. However, for age ranges of 2-10 and 40-79 years, gender discrimination was found to be more successful in males. Finally, heat maps of the regions focused on by the proposed model were obtained from the images, and it was found that the areas of focus for gender discrimination were different between males and females.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORKPLACE HAPPINESS IN THE EFFECT OF HUMBLE LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
(Kafkas University Iibf, 2023) Soyalin, Mesut
The present study aims to investigate the relationships between humble leadership, employee performance and workplace happiness. 156 employees were surveyed to collect data, which was subsequently analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and Amos software programs in line with the study's objectives. The analysis findings showed that humble leadership positively affects both employee performance and workplace happiness. The findings also revealed that workplace happiness has a partial mediating role in humble leadership's effect on employee performance. According to the findings, humble leaders who take it as a mission to be open to criticism and feedback, to appreciate their followers and to learn from mistakes not only contribute to happiness and positive emotions in the organization, but also increase the performance levels of employees.
The Art of Poetic Chronogram in Arabic Literature and Some Examples from Surt
(Sirnak Univ, 2022) Akay, Sedat
A chronogram in the form of poetry is the art of writing a verse, a couplet, a stanza, or a ghazal using the gematria to show the date of an important or notable event. The art in question has been used in almost all areas of life such as birth, death, appointment, dismissal from a duty, circumcision, marriage, construction of some important structures, their repairment, war, and peace. In literary works created with the Arabic alphabet, sometimes emphasis was placed on their numerical value, rather than on the sound expressed by letters or the meaning of words. One of the most important features of such poems is that it records the history of an important event in the period when they were written or confirms the history of an event recorded by historians. In this art, a word or verse that requires dexterity and mastery is expressed in a way that gives the date of an event by calculating the numerical values of the letters according to the gematria. It requires intense mental effort, as elements such as meaning, measure, and rhyme should also be paid attention to besides the gematria in the chronogrammatic poems, which are mentioned among the bedi' arts in the science of rhetoric. In classical Arabic literature, art products related to chronogrammatic, which can be called letter engineering and word architecture, have quite interesting examples. These artifacts, which we can often come across in private or public libraries, mosques, madrasahs, on minaret signboards, tombstones, and at the entrances of caravanserais, inns, baths, mansions, and palaces, carry the identity of a historical document along with the feature of a semantic table created by a skillful poet. Depending on the reason for writing, the poems in question were first expressed orally by ghazal citers or mourners, then engraved on paper by calligraphers, and finally engraved on marble or stones by the etchers and were handed down to the centuries to come. Scholars, writers, and poets from Siirt who produce works of compilation, translation, commentary, and annotation in every field of Islamic sciences did not remain indifferent to the heritage in question and wrote poetic works on various occasions in this field, which we can also call numerical poetry. They gifted literary works that are valuable as historical documents to future generations by transferring many subjects such as important events affecting the society and period in which they lived, zoning and construction activities, death of prominent figures of the era. In our study, first of all, we will focus on the definition of the art of chronogrammatic, its features, its literary face, as well as its importance in terms of history, then a general framework will be drawn about the gematria calculations, which expresses the numerical values given to the letters in the Arabic alphabet, and its features and the main points to be considered in the poems written based on the gematria. In the second part, after giving information about the main topics and usage areas of the chronogrammatic poems, the subject will be discussed in detail by giving examples from the works of scholars, writers, and poets from Siirt who were born in the age of Ottoman Empire.
Common and Original Elements of Turkish and Arabian Mythology
(Sirnak Univ, 2020) Yesil, Selman
Mythology can be encapsulated as narratives endeavouring to clasp the natural phenomena and the metaphysical realm of mankind. While this method is distinctive in primitive societies, it is also recoursed by civilized societies. The main feature of mythology is the unification of antithetical phenomena in a single embodiment or the depiction of an entity outside the box. Arab and Turkish societies having lived throughout history on the common grounds of religious, commercial and social sharings have effectively utilized mythology. Moreover, they were subjected to the interaction in mythological beliefs as well as language, culture, and life. As a corollary of this interaction, besides the unique figures, common ones have emerged, as well. The importance of comparative study of mythology is ascending to recognize of the human history as a whole and to conceive the position of the mythological narratives of the world nations in the cultural heritage. Therefore, the mythological conceptions and figures will be introduced to see the reciprocal interaction between Turks and Arabs who had deep relations, and the changes and common figures in the myths of two nations after Islam will be indicated.
The Political Transformation of Turkey's Hezbollah
(Sirnak Univ, 2022) Aktas, Ahmet
The history of the Islamist opposition in Islamic countries dates back to the times when imperialist and colonial activities began to emerge. In the new order which is established as a result of the emergence of independent states, the secular character of the administrations that came to power under the control of the West and artificial borders which are drawn as a result of the imperialist and colonialist policies of the West towards the Islamic geography constitute the main objection point of Islamist opposition groups in many countries of the Islamic world. For this reason, many Islamist opposition groups believed that these Western-led secular governments should be overthrown and replaced by an administration based on sharia. The Iranian Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 has been a separate source of motivation for the opposition to secular and laicistic governments in many Muslim countries, especially in Egypt, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The successful conclusion of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, on the one hand, provided motivation for organizations operating with similar goals; on the other hand, it was influential in the emergence of new theo-political movements that would operate within the framework of the same goals. Undoubtedly, Turkey was one of the countries where the motivation created by the Iranian Islamic Revolution was effective. The dose of Islamist opposition has increased in Turkey and some theo-political movements have emerged. One of these groups was the Turkish Hezbollah. Hezbollah adopted the idea that the secular system in Turkey should be changed and replaced by an administration based on sharia. In this context, they stated that people must not contribute this system by voting because the administration order in Turkey does not comply with the sharia. However, there have been some changes in Hezbollah's method of action and discourse in the process. Between 1990 and 2000, Hezbollah became a group identified with violence in public opinion. After Turkey's Hezbollah announced that it stopped armed actions in 2002, it established an association, which later changed to the Mustazaflar Movement, as part of its demilitarization efforts. This association was shut down in 2010 because it was associated with Hezbollah. Hezbollah became involved in the political arena by founding a party called Hur Dava Partisi (Free Cause Party) in 2012. It is seen that Hezbollah, which rejected the current administrative system in Turkey in the early periods and advised people not to be in this system, changed its attitude in the process. It is seen that Hezbollah, which was against voting in its early days, experienced a transformation in the process by founding a party. Hezbollah, which previously stated that voting was haram, started to take place in the current system with the political structure called the Hur Dava Partisi. This study deals with the political transformation of Turkish Hezbollah in the process. In the study, in which the documentation method was used, the establishment process of Hezbollah and its understanding of politics is explained, and the legalization efforts that started in 2002 and the process leading to the establishment of a political party in 2012 are discussed. As a result of the study, it has been determined that Hezbollah's attitude towards the current political structure has changed in the process. It has been concluded that this transformation experienced by Hezbollah can be evaluated as a moderation.
The Preference Criteria Over The Contradictory Narrations And Their Influence On The Islamic Law: The Shirazi Example
(Sirnak Univ, 2023) Memduhoglu, Adnan; Batur, Ahmet
The concept of narration is used by the early methodists to mean a word that is likely to be true or false by its nature. The concept of ta'arud (conflict) is defined in the procedural sources as each of two evidences preventing the other on the same issue or each of the two evidences confronting the other in a way that prevents the necessity (judgment) of the other. It is seen that there is an apparent inconsistency/conflict among some of the narrations reported from the Prophet (PBUH). Fiqh scholars have developed some methods to eliminate the apparent conflict among some of the narrations transmitted from the Prophet (PBUH) in accordance with their definitions of the concepts of narrations and disagreement. While some methodists follow a sequence in the form of nash (revoking judgment), cem`(gathering of narrated sayings and deeds), tercih (preference) and tesakut (comparison of narrated sayings and deeds) in eliminating the conflict; some of them followed a sequence such as cem`, nash, preference and tahyir (liberty of mind). For the preference method, one ofthe conflict eliminating methods, the methodists evaluated the narrations in terms of the promissory note and determined some criteria for both the promissory note and the text. However, while the scholars were in agreement on some of the criteria, they also disagreed on some. This situation has caused the scholars of fiqh to make different ijtihads on some fiqh issues. Shirazi defines the narrations as a word that is inevitable to be true or false, unlike the definition made by the proficient methodologists. For the concept of conflict, he gives information about the method to be followed in eliminating the conflict that is seen in the narrations directly without making any definitions.Shirazi used the method of cem and nash, respectively, and if this was not possible, he finally accepted the method of choosing from among the proofs. Shirazi's preference for writing and text to eliminate the contradiction between narrations/hadith, and the absence of an independent study on the reflections of these criteria on fiqh issues so far is motivating for this research. The concepts of narrations, conflict and Shirazi's approach to these concepts were emphasized in the study. It has been analyzed with examples that the preference criteria for the script and text, which Shirazi bases on to eliminate the conflictamong contradictory narrations/hadiths. At the end of the study, it was determined that Shirazi adopted the method of mutakallimun, which is based on the methods of cem', nash, preference, in order to eliminate the conflict among the narrations, and mentioned a total of twenty-four criteria for preference as a method of eliminating the conflict. Based on the examples given, it has been concluded that these preference criteria, which he mentioned, are also reflected in the fura fiqh, which will cause the emergence of different jurisprudence.
Evaluation of tumor-suppressive properties and apoptotic functions of Mad Honey and Vincristine applications in a rat model of breast cancer
(Ankara Univ, 2024) Kurtdede, Efe; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Alperen, Ahmet Mahmut; Baran, Berk; Kuzu, Necat; Gulendag, Erman
In this study, the suppressive effects of vincristine and Turkish mad honey alone and in co-applications were biochemically, hematologically, and histopathologically investigated in a mammary tumor model induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in rats. A total of 72 rats, 43-49 days old, were divided into 6 groups of 12 rats each. The control group (CG) consisted of healthy rats. The vehicle group (VG) received only vehicle substance and the cancer control group (CCG) was given only DMBA. DMBA and the honey group (HG) given group. DMBA and the vincristine (VinG) given group, and DMBA, the vincristine-honey group (VHG) received both Turkish mad honey and vincristine. Turkish mad honey and/or vincristine was given in the last 4 weeks of the 13-week trial period. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts differed significantly in the CCG and VG groups. Alanine transaminase and total protein levels were higher in the CCG and VinG groups. Aspartate transaminase was higher in the CCG, HG and VG groups. Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels were in the HG and VHG groups significantly higher than CCG. In caspase-8 protein level VHG significantly higher than other groups. Caspase-9 protein level was in CG and VG groups significantly lower than other groups. Bcl-xL increased more in the CCG group. Anaplasia was reduced in the HG and VinG groups, although apoptosis and other cellular damages increased. It was concluded that mad honey and vincristine could be considered together as effective therapeutic agents in this model of DMBA-induced breast cancer.
A case of vaginal hyperplasia occurred the last trimester of pregnancy in a Kangal bitch
(Ankara Univ Press, 2021) Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Ercan, Kerem; Yuksel, Burak Fatih; Ocal, Halis
Vaginal hyperplasia is characterized clinically as the protrusion of edematous hyperplastic mucosa tissue through the vulvar lips. Generally, it is formed during the proestrus and estrus periods in dogs. In this case report, 12 months old, pregnant Kangal breed dog with a mass in the vagina was presented with pre and postoperative findings. The bitch without any genital problems at pro/estrus stages was mated about two months ago. During the clinical examination, it was detected that bitch was in the second stage of labor and had type III vaginal hyperplasia. After the delivery of nine puppies without complication, the bitch was placed under general anesthesia and the hyperplasic tissue was removed surgically. Although no hyperplasia history at pro/estrus stages of the bitch, the fact that vaginal hyperplasia was observed in the last trimester of pregnancy is remarkable. Interestingly, this hyperplastic mass did not cause dystocia during all the puppies' delivery in this case. In conclusion, in pregnant dogs, routine genital exams should be performed once at least until parturition to control vaginal structural integrity.
Evaluation of the combined effects of Turkish mad honey and 5-Fluorouracil in colon cancer model in rats
(Ankara Univ, 2023) Kurtdede, Efe; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Alperen, Ahmet Mahmut; Baran, Berk; Karaca, Oguz Kaan; Gulendag, Erman
It was aimed to evaluate the regressive effect of grayanotoxin-rich Turkish mad honey and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), separately and together by using the Nmethyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced colon cancer modelling in rats. Study groups were designed as control group (CG), cancer control group (CCG), 5Flourouracil group (FUG), Turkish mad honey group (HG), Turkish mad honey and 5-FU combined group (FU-HG). White blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total oxidant status (TOS), and total protein values of the rats in the CCG were significantly lower than the values of the rats in the CG, whereas serum Bcl-2 and survivin levels were significantly higher in the rates belonged to the CCG in comparison to those in the CG. The presence of anaplastic epithelial cells, vascularization, precancerous changes, and inflammatory infiltration detected in the colon and small intestine of the rats in FU-HG, FUG, HG were less intense (P<0.05) compared to the findings in the rats in CCG. In conclusion, mad honey and 5 FU reduced anaplastic cell growth and oxidative stress via suppressed antiapoptotic activity. Considering the histopathological findings in the liver and kidney, no toxicity occurred related to mad honey and 5-FU metabolization. Therefore, the combined use of these two substances may be an alternative method in the treatment of colon cancer.

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