The effect of case hardening on the natural preservation of stone monuments, Fraktin monument, Türkiye

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dc.contributor.authorMustafa Korkanç
dc.contributor.authorİsmail İnce
dc.contributor.authorMehmet Yavuz Hüseyinca
dc.contributor.authorMehmet Bahadır Tosunlar
dc.contributor.authorMehmet Ergün Hatır
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-13T06:28:26Z
dc.date.available2025-05-13T06:28:26Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-03
dc.departmentFakülteler, Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü
dc.description.abstractCase-hardening processes that develop in monuments reduce the porosity of rocks while increasing surface hardness. This situation may contribute to the transfer of cultural stone heritage markers to future generations by limiting the penetration into the rock structure of water, which is the most destructive agent in atmospheric weathering processes. This study focused on the Fraktin relief monument, which was created by the Hittites in the 13th century BCE by carving into the rock surface. The site was investigated to reveal the case-hardening mechanism and its effects on the physical properties of the rock. The geochemical formation mechanism of the surface-hardening process, which contributed to the survival of the Fraktin relief monument, was examined by use of scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and analysis by an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In addition, the effect of the hardening on the physical properties of the rock was investigated with nondestructive tests applied both in situ and in a laboratory. The SEM-EDS and ICP-MS analyses revealed that amorphous silica filled the pores of the rock and created surface hardening. This situation has increased the geotechnical properties of the unit in which the monument was carved, making it more resistant to atmospheric processes.
dc.identifier.citationKorkanç, M., İnce, İ., Hüseyinca, M. Y., Tosunlar, M. B., & Hatır, M. E. (2025). The effect of case hardening on the natural preservation of stone monuments, Fraktin monument, Türkiye. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84(6), 1-12.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10064-025-04323-x
dc.identifier.issn1435-9529
dc.identifier.issn1435-9537
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105004199821
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-025-04323-x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/8659
dc.identifier.volume84
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorTosunlar, Mehmet Bahadır
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.relation.ispartofBulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectCase hardening
dc.subjectFraktin monument
dc.subjectGeochemistry
dc.subjectICP-MS
dc.subjectNondestructive testing
dc.subjectSEM-EDS
dc.titleThe effect of case hardening on the natural preservation of stone monuments, Fraktin monument, Türkiye
dc.typejournal-article
oaire.citation.issue6
oaire.citation.volume84

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