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    Effect Of Astaxanthin On Rat Brains Against Oxidative Stress Induced By Cadmium:Biochemical, Histopathological Evaluation
    (2018) Akkoyun, Hurrem Turan; Bengü, Aydın Şükrü; Ulucan, Aykut; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Ekin, Suat; Temel, Yusuf; Çiftçi, Mehmet
    Aim of this study is to evaluate protective impact of Astaxanthin (AST) on rats with experimentalbrain injury induced with Cadmium (Cd). 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups as Control,Cadmium, Astaxanthin (AST), Cadmium (Cd)+Astaxanthin (AST). Rat brain tissues were obtained at the endof 30th day. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymeactivities were measured in brain homogenates and histopathological examination was performed. MDA levelswere improvement in cadmium administered group (p<0.01) as well as Cd+AST administered group (p<0.05)compared to control group. In addition a substantial reduction Cd+AST group was observed compared to cadmiumadministered group (p<0.01). GSH level shows a decrease in Cd and Cd+AST groups compared to control (p<0.05).SOD enzyme activity was found significantly lower in Cd and Cd+AST groups compared to control (p<0.01). Inaddition, increase of SOD in Cd+AST group compared to cadmium group was also found significant (p<0.05).Histopathological findings in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were different between groups. In the controland AST administered groups, normal histological structure was observed in the brain, while severe lesions wereseen in the Cd administered group and in the Cd+AST group only mild degenerative lesions were observed.As a result, elevated MDA level due to Cd administration was attenuated with AST administration. Decreased GSHlevel and SOD enzyme activity due to Cd administration was increased with AST administration. In addition, ASTadministration decreased histopathological lesions. Consequently, it is thought that AST may be used for protectionagainst brain oxidative damage due to Cd.
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    Effect of Bee Bread (Perga) on Histopathological Changes and Immunohistochemical Expression of Apoptosis Markers in the Kidney of Rats Exposed to Cadmium
    (2024) Yaman, Turan; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu
    Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental and industrial pollutant that causes toxicity in various organs in humans and animals. Bee bread (perga) is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of pharmacological properties. This study was conducted to examine the effects of perga on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, as the Control group, Cd group (5 mg/kg/day, orally), Perga group (0.5 g/kg/day, orally), and Cd + Perga group. At the end of the 28-day experiment, kidney tissue samples were taken and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. Histopathologically, severe tubular and glomerular damage occurred as a result of Cd exposure in the Cd group. Immunohistochemically, there was an increase in caspas-3 and Bax expression in the renal tissue in the Cd group. According to the biochemical results, while the catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme levels decreased in the Cd group, and the malondialdehyde levels increased. However, most of the above-mentioned Cd-induced changes were attenuated by treatment with perga in the Perga + Cd group. In conclusion, perga supplementation may alleviate Cd-induced renal injury through inhibition of apoptosis in renal tissue.
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    Immunoexpression of CD34, CD68 and CD3 in Cadmium-Induced Liver Damage and Protective Effectiveness of Bee Bread (Perga)
    (2024) Yaman, Turan; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu
    Cadmium (Cd) is one of the potent environmental toxicants that causes oxidative stress in many organs of the body, including the liver. Perga (bee bread) is used for apitherapeutic purposes due to its medicinal properties. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of perga on endothelial damage and inflammatory cell activation in the liver as a result of exposure to Cd. For this purpose, 32 male Wistar rats (8 rats/group) were randomly divided into 4 groups, as the control, perga (0.5 g/kg of perga), Cd (5 mg/kg of CdCl2), and Cd + perga (0.5 g/kg of perga + 5 mg/kg of CdCl2) groups. Daily intragastric Cd and/or perga was administered for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized and liver tissue sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s Trichrome. Immunohistochemically, the reactivity of the liver sinusoidal endothelium was determined using CD34, the reactivity of the Kupffer cells was determined using CD68, and the levels of T-lymphocyte cells were determined using CD3 antibodies. Exposure to Cd caused significant histological changes in the liver. Immunohistochemically, exposure to Cd caused an increase in the expressions of CD34, CD68, and CD3. On the other hand, the cotreatment of Cd and perga caused partial improvement in some histopathological changes. Compared to the Cd group, there was a decrease in CD34 and CD68 positivity in the Cd + perga group, while no significant difference was detected in the number of CD3-positive cells between the groups. The results revealed that the histopathological changes and inflammation in the rat liver could partially improve with perga supplementation.
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    Investigation of In Vivo Effects of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) and Quercetin on Some Metabolic Enzyme Activities in Rat Erythrocyte
    (2022) Temel, Yusuf; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Bengü, Aydın Şükrü; Karagözoğlu, Fatma
    In the study; the purpose was to investigate the in vivoimpact of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)andquercetin(Qu)onactivitiesofimportantmetabolicenzymessuchasGlucose6-phosphatedehydrogenase(G6PD),6-phosphogluconatedehydrogenase(6PGD),glutathione reductase(GR)andglutathioneS-transferase(GST)inraterythrocytes. Attheexperimental stage,ratsweredividedinto4groups.1.Group(Control):Pureoliveoilatadosedetermined according to their body weight (1mL/kg) was given to the rats in this group, 2.Group (CCl4: 1.0 mL/kg(ip)(1:1),3.Group(Ku:25)mg/kg(ip),4.Group(CCl4(1.0ml/kg(ip)+Ku(25mg/kg (ip) was injected. The study was continued for 3 days.The results revealed that the activities of; G6PD (p?0.01),6PGD(p?0.01),GR(p?0.001)andGST(p?0.05)enzymeactivitieswere decreasedintheCCl4groupcomparedtothecontrolgroup.Itwasdeterminedthatenzyme activitieswerehigher in CCl4+Qu applied groups compared to CCl4group.Theapplication of Qu caused an increase in theenzyme activity value. This can be accepted as an indication that theinhibitioncausedbyCCI4hasdisappeared.Consequently;ItisthoughtthatQumaybe effective in preventing oxidative damage due to CCl4administration.
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    Investigation of Protecting Effect of Boric Acid against Mercury II Chloride Toxicity in Rat Brain Tissue
    (2020) Akkoyun, H. Turan; Bengü, Aydın Şükrü; Ulucan, Aykut; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; İzgi, Mehmet Sait; Şahin, Ömer; Ekin, Suat
    In this study, the protective effects of boric acid (BA) in the prevention of brain damagecaused by mercury II chloride ( HgCl2) in rats were investigated. In the experiment, 24 adult andWistar albino male rats weighing roundly 200-300 g were used. Group I (Control, n=8): Isotonicsaline (i.p), Group II (HgCl2,n=8):(0.01g/kg)(oral), Group III (HgCl2 + (BA) (n:8): HgCl2(0.01g/kg)+ BA (3.25mg/kg/day i.p.) group were administered. The rats in all groups were sacrificed at theend of the 10th day and their brain tissues were taken. Biochemical parameters including theenzyme activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were measured. The enzyme activity of SOD wasreduced in HgCl2 treated group in comparison to the control group (p<0.001). Activity of theenzyme was increased after BA administration (p?0.001). CAT enzyme activity decreased in HgCl2and HgCl2+BA administered groups with control (p?0.001). An increase in enzyme activity in BAgroup with HgCl2 administered group was observed. GSH-Px enzyme activity decreased in HgCl2(p?0.001) and HgCl2+BA (p?0.05) groups with control. However, an increase was found in BAadministered group with HgCl2 administered group (p?0.001). It is thought that antioxidant enzymeactivities such as SOD, CAT and GSH-Px are significantly changed and BA may have a protectiveeffect in the histopathological examination of brain tissue.
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    Laboratuvar Hayvanlarından Sıçan, Kobay ve Tavşan’ın Bazı Anatomik, Fizyolojik ve Üreme Özellikleri
    (2023) Geçmez, Kübra; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Kızıl, Meltem; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu
    Bu derlemenin amacı önemli laboratuvar hayvanları arasında yer alan sıçan, kobay ve tavşanın (kemirgenler) bazı anatomik, fizyolojik özellikleri ile beslenme, barınma ve üremeleri ile ilgili bilgileri araştırmacıların dikkatine sunmaktır. Bilimsel araştırmalarda, deneylerde ve biyolojik testlerde kullanılan hayvanlar “Deney Hayvanı” olarak tanımlanır. Deney hayvanları bilim insanları tarafından 19. yüzyıldan itibaren giderek artan bir oranda deneysel araştırmalarda kullanılmaya başlanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda sıçan, kobay ve tavşan en çok kullanılan laboratuvar hayvanları arasında yer alır. Kolay muhafaza edilip bakılabilmeleri, çevrelerine kolaylıkla uyum sağlayabilmeleri, gebelik sürelerinin kısa olması, ucuza temin edilmeleri gibi avantajları nedeniyle ilaç, tedavi, toksikoloji, doku, organ kültürü ve biyoloji ile ilgili çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle sıçanlar insan hastalıklarını modellemek için ideal olduklarından dolayı kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, obezite, diyabet gibi metabolik hastalıklar, bir takım nörolojik hastalıklar, depresyon ve benzeri hastalıklar için terapötik ajanlar geliştirmek amacıyla sıklıkla tercih edilen hayvanlardır. Kobayların bilimsel araştırmalardaki kullanım alanları çoğunlukla aşı, serum, immünolojik çalışmalar, enfeksiyöz hastalıklar gibi alanlarken tavşanlar ise genellikle ortopedik araştırmalar ve göğüs cerrahisi gibi çalışmalar için ideal hayvanlardır. İnsanlardaki hastalıkları taklit etmek için uygun olan bu hayvanlarda birçok hastalığın fizyopatogenezi anlaşılır hale gelmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra teşhis ve tedaviye de büyük katkılar sağlamaktadırlar.
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    Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var.typhoides’in Hidroksil Radikali ve Hipokloröz Asit Süpürme Aktiviteleri
    (2019) Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Candan, Ferda
    Çalışmada Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides etanol ekstraktının totalantioksidan kapasitesi ile hidroksil radikali (OH.) ve hipokloröz asit(HOCI) süpürme aktivitesinindeğerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. M. longifolia subsp. typhoides var. typhoides total antioksidan kapasitesi 569±8.57mg AAE/gr olarak belirlendi. Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides etanolekstraktının, hidroksil radikali ve hipokloröz asit süpürücü aktiviteleri incelendiğinde IC50 değerleri ise sırasıyla75.09±2.47 ve 201.43±17.99 µg/mL olarak tesbit edildi. Sonuç olarak M. longifolia subsp. typhoides var. typhoidesetanol ekstraktının total antioksidan kapasitesi ve radikal süpürme aktivitesi değerlendirildiğinde bitkininpotensiyel bir doğal antioksidan kaynağı olabileceği söylenebilir. Ayrıca, oksidatif strese bağlı olarak ortayaçıkabilecek birçok hastalığın önlenmesi veya tedavisinde terapötik ajanlar olarak yüksek etkiye sahip olabileceğidüşünülmektedir.
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    Protective Effect of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss on N-nitrosodimethylamine induced oxidative stress in rats
    (2019) Kızıltaş, Hatice; Ekin, Suat; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Oto, Gökhan; Akbaş, Esvet
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. (FASB) extract on mineral(Ca, K, Na) and trace element (Cu, Zn, Se, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd) levels were determined in rat heart tissue, whichwas oxidatively stressed with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Experimental period was continued with Wistar-Albinorats (n:60) in 21 days. Rats were treated with NDMA (10 mg/kg) in first seven days. FASB plant extract was given to therats each day of the study. The rats were divided into six groups of ten rats each. The mineral and trace element levels ofheart tissue were analyzed by using ICP-OES. The results show that NDMA group was significantly lower results thancontrol group with regarding to Zn, Co and Na levels (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05). On the other hand the NDMA groupwas also significantly lower results than the FASB (300 mg/kg) group regarding Zn and Co levels (p<0.05 and p<0.05),whereas the FASB (150 mg/kg) group had increased level of Na according to NDMA group (p<0.05). In conclusion, dueto the positive effect on significantly alteration in Zn and Co level of heart tissue, it was suggested that the FASB (150, 3 00mg/kg) can be used in preventing hearth damage.
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    Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & C.A Mey. Yapraklarının Vitamin, Fitosterol ve Yağ Asit İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi
    (2024) Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu
    Sunulan çalışmada; Salvia cinsinin önemli türleri arasında yer alan ve Türkiye’de endemik olarak yetişen Salvia hypargeia Fisch & C.A Mey.’nın yapraklarında vitamin, fitosterol ve yağ asit içeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yağ asitlerinin değerlendirilmesi GC (gaz kromatografisi) kullanılarak; vitamin ve fitosterol miktarlarının belirlenmesi ise HPLC cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & Mey. yapraklarının yağ asit içerikleri sırasıyla; 14:0 (Miristik asit) % 2.91, 16:0 (Palmitik asit) % 39.66; 18:0 (Stearik asit) % 6.29; 20:0 (Eikosanoik asit) % 2.37; 15:1 (Pentadekanoik asit) % 3.68; 16:1 n-7 (Palmitoleik asit) 3.32; 18:1 n-9 (Oleik asit) % 7.77; 18:2 n-6 (Linoleik asit) % 7.18; 18:3 n-3 (?-linolenik asit) % 24.88; 20:3 (Eikosatrienoik asit) %1.92 olarak belirlenmiştir. K1 (filokinon), alfa-tokoferol, retinol, gibi vitamin içerikleri sırasıyla 1.48±0.03 (?g g-1), 23.76±1.57 (?g g-1), 0.27±0.05 (?g g-1), ergosterol, stigmasterol ve beta sterol gibi fitosterol içerikleri ise 60.39±2.15 (?g g-1), 17.25±2.06 (?g g-1), 76.32±2.71 (?g g- 1) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & C.A Mey. bitkisinin yapraklarının yağ asitlerinden özellikle 16:0 (Palmitik asit), 18:1 n-9 (Oleik asit) ve 18:3 n-3 (?-linolenik asit) bakımından ayrıca önemli antioksidan vitaminlerden alfa-tokoferol içeriği yönünden zengin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkinin fitosterol içeriğinin de iyi durumda olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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    Sıçan Böbrek Dokusunda Bakırın Neden Olduğu Oksidatif Stres ve DNA Hasarlarına Karşı Astaksantinin Etkisi
    (2019) Bengü, Aydın Şükrü; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; İzgi, Mehmet Sait
    Sıçan böbrek dokusunda bakır (Cu+2) ile oluşturulan oksidatif stres ve DNA hasarlarına karşı astaksantin'in(AST) koruyucu özelliği araştırıldı. 28 adet yetişkin wistar albino cinsi sıçan dört gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu:%0.9 NaCl intraperitoneal (i.p.) , Bakır grubu 3 mg kg-1(i.p.) Cu+2, Astaksantin grubu 100 mg kg-1 AST (oral),Bakır+Astaksantin grubu: 3 mg kg-1(i.p.) +100 mg kg-1 AST (oral) uygulandı. 3. günün sonunda sıçanlarınböbrek dokuları alındı. Böbrek homojenatlarında önemli antioksidan enzimlerden SOD, CAT, GPx aktivitelerive 8-hidroksi-2' -deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) düzeyi değerlendirildi. SOD aktivitesinin bakır uygulanan gruptave bakır+AST uygulanan grupta kontrole oranla azaldığı(p?0.05), gözlemlendi. GPx enzim aktivitesi isebakır(p?0.001) uygulanan ve bakır+AST(p?0.01) uygulanan gruplarda kontrole göre azaldığı belirlendi. CATaktivitesi, kontrol grubuna kıyasla bakır uygulanan grupta düşmenin(p<0.001) olduğu tesbit edildi. 8-OHdGdüzeyinde; kontrole oranla bakır+AST grubunda anlamlı bir artış (p<0.001) belirlendi. Çalışma sonucunda eldeedilen bulguların bu alanda yapılacak olan farklı çalışmalara kaynak olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
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    TAS-TOS Levels in Lower Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage in Rats Examined the Protective Effect of Quercetin
    (2017) Akkoyun, H. Turan; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Bengü, Aydın Şükrü; Aydın, Sevinç; Birinci, Ceyhun Birinci; Atçalı, Tuğçe; Demir, Halit
    Amaç: Alt ekstremite iskemi reperfüzyon (I/R) hasarını önlemede Quercetin'in koruyucu etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 30 adet 250-350 gr ağırlığında Sprague- Dawley cinsi erkek sıçanlar üç gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruptaki sıçanlara iskemi-reperfüzyon işlemi yapılmaksızın anestezi işlemi, ikinci gruptaki sıçanların sol alt ekstremitelerine turnike yardımıyla 2 saat iskemi, 2 saat reperfüzyon, üçüncü gruba ise iskemi başlatılmadan 45 dk. önce 50 mg/kg (ip) quercetin uygulamasının ardından 2 saat iskemi, 2 saat reperfüzyon uygulaması yapıldı. Süre sonunda sıçanlardan doku örnekleri alınarak, total antioksidan kapasite (TAS) ve total oksidan statüsü (TOS) düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: TAS değerlendirildiğinde; I/R grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla meydana gelen azalışın (p?0.001) anlamlı, kontrol grubuna oranla I/R+Q grubundaki azalışın (p?0.05), yine I/R grubuna oranla, I/R+Q grubunda meydana gelen artışın (p?0.001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendi. TOS miktarları değerlendirildiğinde I/R grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla meydana gelen artışın (p?0.001), kontrol grubuna oranla I/R+Q grubundaki artışın (p?0.05), I/R grubuna oranla, I/R+Q grubunda meydana gelen azalışın (p?0.001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Sıçanlarda deneysel Alt Ekstremite İskemiReperfüzyon Hasarında Quercetinin koruyucu etkisi olduğu ve meydana gelen hasarı azalttığı belirlendi.
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    The Effect of Rosa Pisiformis (Christ) D.Sosn on Some Metabolic Enzyme Activities in STZ Applied Diabetic Rats
    (2021) Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoğlu; Bengü, A. Şükrü; Temel, Yusuf; Akkoyun, H. Turan; Ekin, Suat; Çiftci, Mehmet
    This study was aimed to study in vivo impacts of Rosa pisiformis (Christ) D.Sosn. (VANF F13827 END.) on some metabolic enzymes (G6PD, 6PGD, GR, TrxR and GST) in Streptozotocin (STZ) applied diabetic rats. 32 male Wistar albino rats divided four groups. Group I: Control, Group II:Streptozotocin, Group III: Rosa pisiformis and Group IV: Streptozotocin+Rosa pisiformis. Experimental study contunied for 30 days and enzyme activities were spectrophotometrically measured. R.p.fruit extract and STZ+R.p. fruit extract administrations increased Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity meaningfully compared to control (p?0.001). 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) enzyme activity reduced in diabetes group compared to control, whereas it increased in R.p. fruit extract and STZ+R.p. fruit administered groups. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity raised in R.p. fruit administered group compared to control group meaningfully (p?0.001). Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity decrease no statistical importance in diabetic rats compared control whereas this activity increased in Rosa pisiformis fruit extract group. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) enzyme activity reduction significantly in STZ group compared to control (p?0.05). As a result, It is thought that the fruits of Rosa pisiformis, which grows as an endemic species belonging to the Rosaceae family, may have a reducing or preventing effect on the 6PGD, TrxR and GST enzyme activities in rats by inhibiting caused by STZ.