Biological Nitrogen Fixation: An Analysis of Intoxicating Tribulations from Pesticides for Sustainable Legume Production
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Tarih
2022
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer Nature
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
A score of pedo-environmental factors serves as limiting elements for the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process in root nodules of leguminous plants. Since the advent of the green revolution, pesticides have been considered indispensable for keeping crop pests below the economic threshold level to ensure sustainable production of field crops for the rapidly increasing world population. However, pesticide application has also been associated with adverse effects on plant growth and development besides causing a detrimental reduction in microbial community dynamics. Rhizobium strains that are host-specific are no exception to this threat and are negatively influenced by different pesticides, especially fungicides, which seriously affect the functioning of the nitrogen (N) fixation process. Pesticides containing different synthetic chemicals affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), and consequently, the amount of N fixed. This leads to reliance on crop plants primarily on N available in soil solution. Ultimately, reduced soil fertility leads to deteriorate crop productivity and quality of the produce. The objective of this review has been to synthesize, explore and critically analyze the effects of pesticide applications and their physiological impacts on BNF in legumes for sustainable crop production to strengthen food security for the increasing world population. Our review elucidates that indiscriminate use of agrochemicals could result in an undesirable environment for the healthy survival of symbiotic and symbiotic organisms leading to a corresponding reduction in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis leading to poor atmospheric N fixation and thus affecting the whole agroecosystems. Therefore, by giving due consideration to the harmful effects of pesticides, farmers’ awareness about the safe usage of agrochemicals might be among the top priorities to conserve the environment besides harmonically preserving living organisms. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biological nitrogen fixation, Legume, Pesticides, Productivity
Kaynak
Managing Plant Production under Changing Environment
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
N/A
