Diyarbakır ili Eğil ilçesinde badem alanlarında zararlı badem içkurdu [Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)]'nun farklı badem türlerinde doğaya çıkış zamanı, populasyon gelişimi ve çıkış yapan bireylerin eşey oranlarının belirlenmesi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, Diyarbakır İli Eğil İlçesinin Dere ve Yenişehir mahallelerinde Badem İçkurdu'nun [Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)] farklı badem çeşitlerinde (Taş badem ile Ferragnes ve Ferraduel) doğaya çıkış zamanı, popülasyon gelişimi ve çıkış yapan bireylerin eşey oranlarını belirlemek için 2023 ve 2024 yıllarında 4 bahçede yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın yürütüldüğü bahçelere ergin çıkış takibi için hazırlanmış 30x35x30 cm ölçülerinde etrafı ve üstü hava alan tel kafesler asılmıştır. Kafeslerin içerisine 100'er adet E. amygdali ile bulaşık mumyalaşmış badem meyveleri yerleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 2023 yılında badem içkurdu'nun ilk ergin çıkışı Dere mahallesinde Ferragnes ve Ferraduel çeşidi bademde gerçekleştiğinde ağaçlarda meyveler (çağlalar) fenolojik olarak mercimek iriliğinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Erginlerin çıkış süreleri 16-25 gün arasında sürmüş olup, son ergin çıkışı 10 Mayısta gerçekleşmiş ve dört bahçede de bademlerin çağla döneminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çıkış dönemleri boyunca ortalama sıcaklık 14,8 °C ve ortalama nispi nem ise % 57,4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 2024 yılında ilk ergin çıkışı üç bahçede aynı anda gerçekleşmiştir. 11 Nisan tarihinde Dere mahallesi Ferragnes ve Ferraduel çeşidi bademin yetiştirildiği bahçede meyvenin (çağla) mercimek büyüklüğünde, Yenişehir mahallesi Ferragnes ve Ferraduel çeşidi bademin yetiştirildiği bahçede meyvenin (çağla) nohut büyüklüğünde, Yenişehir mahallesi yerli taş badem çeşidi bademin yetiştirildiği bahçede küçük çağla döneminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ergin çıkışları 16-19 gün arasında sürmüş olup, son ergin çıkışı 29 Nisan tarihinde gerçekleşmiş ve dört bahçede de bademlerin çağla döneminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çıkış dönemleri boyunca ortalama sıcaklık 18 °C ve ortalama nispi nem ise % 55 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Her iki yıl yapılan çalışmalarda ilk çıkış yapan erginin çoğunlukla erkek birey olduğu, ancak çıkış yapan dişi bireylerin erkek bireylerin 2,10 katı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
This study was carried out in 2023 and 2024 in four orchards in the Dere and Yenişehir neighborhoods of the Eğil District of Diyarbakır Province in order to determine the emergence time, population development and sex ratios of the emerging individuals of the almond worm [Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)] in different almond cultivars (Stone almond and Ferragnes and Ferraduel). Wire cages measuring 30x35x30 cm, with air circulation around and on top, prepared for adult emergence monitoring were hung in the orchards where the study was carried out. 100 mummified almond fruits infested with E. amygdali were placed inside the cages. As a result of the study, when the first adult emergence of the almond midge moth occurred in Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds in Dere neighborhood in 2023, it was determined that the fruits (green almonds) on the trees were phenologically the size of lentils. The emergence period of the adults lasted between 16-25 days, the last adult emergence occurred on May 10, and it was determined that the almonds were in the green almond stage in all four orchards. The average temperature during the emergence periods was determined as 14,8 °C and the average relative humidity was 57,4%. The first adult emergence in 2024 occurred simultaneously in three orchards. On April 11, it was determined that the fruit (green almond) was the size of a lentil in the orchard where Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds were grown in Dere neighborhood, the fruit (green almond) was the size of a chickpea in the orchard where Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds were grown in Yenişehir neighborhood, and the fruit (green almond) was in the small green almond stage in the orchard where local stone almond variety almonds were grown in Yenişehir neighborhood. Adult emergence lasted between 16-19 days, the last adult emergence occurred on April 29 and it was determined that almonds were in the green almond stage in all four gardens. The average temperature during the emergence periods was 18 °C and the average relative humidity was 55%. In the studies conducted in both years, it was determined that the first emerging adult was mostly male, but the number of emerging female individuals was 2,10 times that of male individuals.
This study was carried out in 2023 and 2024 in four orchards in the Dere and Yenişehir neighborhoods of the Eğil District of Diyarbakır Province in order to determine the emergence time, population development and sex ratios of the emerging individuals of the almond worm [Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein, 1907 (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)] in different almond cultivars (Stone almond and Ferragnes and Ferraduel). Wire cages measuring 30x35x30 cm, with air circulation around and on top, prepared for adult emergence monitoring were hung in the orchards where the study was carried out. 100 mummified almond fruits infested with E. amygdali were placed inside the cages. As a result of the study, when the first adult emergence of the almond midge moth occurred in Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds in Dere neighborhood in 2023, it was determined that the fruits (green almonds) on the trees were phenologically the size of lentils. The emergence period of the adults lasted between 16-25 days, the last adult emergence occurred on May 10, and it was determined that the almonds were in the green almond stage in all four orchards. The average temperature during the emergence periods was determined as 14,8 °C and the average relative humidity was 57,4%. The first adult emergence in 2024 occurred simultaneously in three orchards. On April 11, it was determined that the fruit (green almond) was the size of a lentil in the orchard where Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds were grown in Dere neighborhood, the fruit (green almond) was the size of a chickpea in the orchard where Ferragnes and Ferraduel variety almonds were grown in Yenişehir neighborhood, and the fruit (green almond) was in the small green almond stage in the orchard where local stone almond variety almonds were grown in Yenişehir neighborhood. Adult emergence lasted between 16-19 days, the last adult emergence occurred on April 29 and it was determined that almonds were in the green almond stage in all four gardens. The average temperature during the emergence periods was 18 °C and the average relative humidity was 55%. In the studies conducted in both years, it was determined that the first emerging adult was mostly male, but the number of emerging female individuals was 2,10 times that of male individuals.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
