Buğday yetiştiriciliğinde enerji verimliliği ve sera gazı emisyonunun belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada, buğday üretiminde enerji verimliliği ve sera gazı emisyonunun belirlenmesi üzerine araştırma yapılarak, üretimdeki girdilerin birim üretim alanı başına düşen enerji karşılıkları, elde edilen ürünün enerji verimi ve sera gazı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler 2021 yılında 175 farklı buğday üretimi yapan işletmeden, oransal örnekleme yöntemine göre yüz yüze anket yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada buğday üretiminde doğrudan ve dolaylı enerji kullanım miktarları ve toplam enerji tüketimindeki payları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, buğday üretiminde toplam enerji tüketimi 19024.21 MJ ha-1, enerji çıktısı ise 80585.40 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Enerji tüketiminin en fazla olduğu girdinin 8748.38 MJ ha-1 değeri ile gübrelemeye ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunu sırasıyla; tohum enerji girdisi 4626.79 MJ ha-1 (% 24.32), yakıt enerjisi 2697.25 MJ ha-1 (%14.18), sulama enerjisi 2362.50 MJ ha-1 (% 12.42), kimyasal enerji 269.19 MJ ha-1 (% 1.41), alet/makine enerjisi 309.52 MJ ha-1 (%1.63), insan enerjisi 10.58 MJ ha-1 (%0.06) takip etmiştir. Enerji oranı, enerji verimliliği, spesifik enerji ve net enerji verimi değerleri sırasıyla 4.24, 0.29 kg MJ-1, 3.47 MJ kg-1 ve 61561.19 MJ ha-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buğday üretimi için toplam GHG emisyonu 3784.60 kgCO2-eş ha–1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toplam GHG emisyonları içerisinde en yüksek pay tohuma (%59.41) aittir. Tohumu sırasıyla sulama (%16.84), azot gübre kullanımı (%14.60), fosfat gübre kullanımı (%3.99), yakıt kullanımı (%3.49), kimyasal ilaç kullanımı (%0.98), alet makine kullanımı (%0.58) ve insan işgücü (%0.10) takip etmiştir. Buna ilave olarak, buğday üretiminde GHG oranı 0.69 kgCO2-eş ha–1olarak hesaplanmıştır.
In this research was conducted on the determination of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in wheat production, and the energy equivalents of the inputs in production per unit production area, the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas values of the obtained product were calculated. The data used in the research were obtained from 175 different wheat producing enterprises by proportional sampling method. In the research, the amount of direct and indirect energy use in wheat production and their share in total energy consumption were determined. According to the results of the research, the total energy consumption in wheat production was calculated as 19024.21 MJ ha-1, and the energy output as 80585.40 MJ ha-1. It was determined that the input with the highest energy consumption belonged to fertilization with a value of 8748.38 MJ ha-1. This in order; seed energy input 4626.79 MJ ha-1 (24.32%), fuel energy 2697.25 MJ ha-1 (14.18%), irrigation energy 2362.50 MJ ha-1 (12.42%), chemical energy 269.19 MJ ha-1 (1.41%), tool/machine energy 309.52 MJ ha-1 (1.63%) followed by 10.58 MJ ha-1 (0.06%) human energy. Energy rate, energy efficiency, specific energy and net energy efficiency values were determined as 4.24, 0.29 kg / MJ, 3.47 MJ kg-1 and 61561.19 MJ ha-1, respectively. The total GHG emission for wheat production was calculated as 3784.60 kgCO2-eş ha–1. The highest share in total GHG emissions belongs to seeds (59.41%). Seed irrigation (16.84%), nitrogen fertilizer use (14.60%), phosphate fertilizer use (3.99%), fuel use (3.49%), chemical pesticide use (0.98%), tool-machine use (0.58%) and human labor(0.10%), respectively followed. In addition, the GHG ratio in wheat production was calculated as 0.69 kgCO2-eş ha–1.
In this research was conducted on the determination of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in wheat production, and the energy equivalents of the inputs in production per unit production area, the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas values of the obtained product were calculated. The data used in the research were obtained from 175 different wheat producing enterprises by proportional sampling method. In the research, the amount of direct and indirect energy use in wheat production and their share in total energy consumption were determined. According to the results of the research, the total energy consumption in wheat production was calculated as 19024.21 MJ ha-1, and the energy output as 80585.40 MJ ha-1. It was determined that the input with the highest energy consumption belonged to fertilization with a value of 8748.38 MJ ha-1. This in order; seed energy input 4626.79 MJ ha-1 (24.32%), fuel energy 2697.25 MJ ha-1 (14.18%), irrigation energy 2362.50 MJ ha-1 (12.42%), chemical energy 269.19 MJ ha-1 (1.41%), tool/machine energy 309.52 MJ ha-1 (1.63%) followed by 10.58 MJ ha-1 (0.06%) human energy. Energy rate, energy efficiency, specific energy and net energy efficiency values were determined as 4.24, 0.29 kg / MJ, 3.47 MJ kg-1 and 61561.19 MJ ha-1, respectively. The total GHG emission for wheat production was calculated as 3784.60 kgCO2-eş ha–1. The highest share in total GHG emissions belongs to seeds (59.41%). Seed irrigation (16.84%), nitrogen fertilizer use (14.60%), phosphate fertilizer use (3.99%), fuel use (3.49%), chemical pesticide use (0.98%), tool-machine use (0.58%) and human labor(0.10%), respectively followed. In addition, the GHG ratio in wheat production was calculated as 0.69 kgCO2-eş ha–1.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyosistem Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
