İmâmül Harameyn el-Cüveynî'de Hüsün-Kubuh meselesi
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hüsün ve kubuh kavramlarının mahiyeti, kaynaklarının neye dayandığı hakkındaki tartışmalar, İslam öncesi filozoflardan başlayıp günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. İslam öncesi filozoflar yaşadığımız evren ve insanî tecrübeyi göz önünde bulundurarak meseleyi tartışmışlardır. Bu yaklaşımları sebebiyle hüsün ve kubuh kavramlarının izafi oluşu üzerinde durulmuştur. İslam filozofları ise merkeze bir yaratıcının varlığını koymak suretiyle olay ve olguları hüsün-kubuh kavramları altında sınıflandırmaya çalışmışladır. Eş?arîlik, Mu?tezile ve Mâtürîdî gibi kelâm ekolleri arasında konu hakkında farklı görüşler ortaya çıkmıştır. Eş?arî âlimleri birçok meselede olduğu gibi mutlak bir Tanrı tasavvurunu ve vahyi merkeze alarak hüsün ve kubuh kavramlarını değerlendirmeye almıştır. Özellikle ilahi buyruk temel ölçüt alınmıştır. Eş?arî âlimi olan İmâmu'l-Haremeyn el-Cüveynî'nin hüsün ve kubuh kavramları hakkındaki görüşleri, mensubu olduğu itikadî mezhep ile aynı minvaldedir. Hüsün ve kubuh hakkında verilen hükümler sabittir. Buna göre Allah olay ve olgular hakkında hangi hükmü belirlemişse bizlerin de ona tabi olması elzemdir. Onun aklın ve naklin alanına dair ayrımdan hareket ettiği görülmektedir. İyilik ve kötülüğün doğasının insan aklının alanında bulunmadığını ve aklın bu noktada yetersiz kaldığına vurgu yapmıştır. Fiillerde ve nesnelerde bulunan hüsün-kubuh vasıflarının da itibarî oluşuna dikkat çekmiştir. Yaratma eylemini gerçekleştirme noktasında tek failin Allah olduğunu ve hiçbir durumda kendisine bir zorunluluk durumunun atfedilemeyeceğini de belirtmiştir. Bu noktada özellikle Mu?tezilî âlimlerin ortaya koyduğu görüşler üzerinden konuyu değerledirmeye çalışmıştır. Bu çervede Allah hakkında zorunluluğun tasavvur edilemeyeceği temel argümanı oluşturmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kelâm, İmâmu'l-Haremeyn el-Cüveynî, Eş?arî, Husun, Kubuh.
Discussions about the nature of the concepts of Hüsn and Qubh and what their sources are based on started from the pre-Islamic philosophers and continued in different forms until today. The pre-Islamic philosophers approached the subject by putting the universe that we live in and human experience in the foreground. According to approaches of the pre-Islamic philosophers, the relativity of the concepts of Hüsn and Qubh has been emphasized. The Islamic philosophers, on the other hand, tried to classify events and phenomena under the concepts of Husn and Qubh, by putting the existence of a creator in the centre, unlike the pre-Islamic philosophers. Among the Kalam Schools such as Asharite, Mu'tazilah and Mâturîdî, different views on the subject have emerged. As in many other matters, the Ash'arite scholars have examined the concepts of Husn and Qubh by putting the revelation at the most basic point as in many other matters that they focus on. The revelation, that is, divine order, was taken as the basic criterion. The views of Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni that one of the Asharite scholars on the concepts of Husn and Qubh are in the same direction with the views of his sect that he in. The provisions about Hüsn and Qubh are fixed. Accordingly, it is essential for us to follow whatever decree Allah has determined about events and facts. He especially acted on the evidence in the Quran on the subject and emphasizes that the human mind is insufficient at this point. He drew attention to the fact that the Hüsn and Qubh qualities found in verbs and objects are also nominal. He also stated that Allah is the only agent and subject at the point of realizing the act of creation and that no necessity can be attributed to him under any circumstances. At this point, he tried to evaluate the issue, especially through the views of Mu'tazilah scholars. The Mu'tazilah sect, on the other hand, has had a different perspective in categorizing events or phenomena by emphasizing the human mind and the will it has. The adjectives attributed to actions as a result of people's experiences may differ. According to the Mâturîdî sect, scholars have emphasized that both reason and revelation should be used together at the point of determining the concepts of Husn and Qubh. Key Words: Kalam, Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni, Asharite, Husn, Qubh.
Discussions about the nature of the concepts of Hüsn and Qubh and what their sources are based on started from the pre-Islamic philosophers and continued in different forms until today. The pre-Islamic philosophers approached the subject by putting the universe that we live in and human experience in the foreground. According to approaches of the pre-Islamic philosophers, the relativity of the concepts of Hüsn and Qubh has been emphasized. The Islamic philosophers, on the other hand, tried to classify events and phenomena under the concepts of Husn and Qubh, by putting the existence of a creator in the centre, unlike the pre-Islamic philosophers. Among the Kalam Schools such as Asharite, Mu'tazilah and Mâturîdî, different views on the subject have emerged. As in many other matters, the Ash'arite scholars have examined the concepts of Husn and Qubh by putting the revelation at the most basic point as in many other matters that they focus on. The revelation, that is, divine order, was taken as the basic criterion. The views of Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni that one of the Asharite scholars on the concepts of Husn and Qubh are in the same direction with the views of his sect that he in. The provisions about Hüsn and Qubh are fixed. Accordingly, it is essential for us to follow whatever decree Allah has determined about events and facts. He especially acted on the evidence in the Quran on the subject and emphasizes that the human mind is insufficient at this point. He drew attention to the fact that the Hüsn and Qubh qualities found in verbs and objects are also nominal. He also stated that Allah is the only agent and subject at the point of realizing the act of creation and that no necessity can be attributed to him under any circumstances. At this point, he tried to evaluate the issue, especially through the views of Mu'tazilah scholars. The Mu'tazilah sect, on the other hand, has had a different perspective in categorizing events or phenomena by emphasizing the human mind and the will it has. The adjectives attributed to actions as a result of people's experiences may differ. According to the Mâturîdî sect, scholars have emphasized that both reason and revelation should be used together at the point of determining the concepts of Husn and Qubh. Key Words: Kalam, Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni, Asharite, Husn, Qubh.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Kelam Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion
