Siirt ilinde yonca alanlarında bulunan curculionidae familyasına bağlı türler ve hypera postica gyllenhal'nın popülasyon yoğunluğu ile zararının belirlenmesi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışma; Siirt ilinde bulunan Siirt Üniversitesi Kezer yerleşkesi yonca tarlalarında, zararlı Curculionidae familyasına ait türler ile özellikle önemli tür olan Yonca hortumlu böceği Hypera postica (Herbest, 1975)'nın zarar durumunu ve yoğunluğunu belirlemek amacıyla 2022 - 2023 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Türlerin tespiti ve önemli türün yoğunluğu ve zarar durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla, Mart- Kasım ayları arasında 1-2 haftalık aralıklarla, Aralık – Şubat aylarında ise ayda bir gözlem ve incelemeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada gözle kontrol, atrap yöntemi ve çerçeve yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Curculionidae (Coleoptera) familyasına ait 9 tür belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; Hypera postica ( Gyllenhal, 1813) (%37,30), Sitona humeralis (Stephens, 1831) (%18,30), Sitona macularius (Marsham 1802) (%9,75), Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (9,58), Aspidapion radiolus (Marsham,1802) (%7,42), Eutrichapion arrogans (% 6,13), Sitona lividipes (Fahraeus, 1840) (%4,92), Sitona concavirostris (Hochhuth, 1851) (% 4,83), Hypera nigrirostris (Fabricius,1775) (1,72) türleridir. En yoğun görülen tür ise Yonca hortumlu böceği (Hypera postica) olmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, Yonca hortumlu böceği (Hypera postica) türünün, çalışma alanındaki yonca tarlalarında ekonomik olarak önemli zararlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu zarar; bitkilerin yaprak, sürgün ve tepe tomurcuklarında meydana gelen yenikler şeklinde görülmüştür. Yoncanın ilk biçimine kadar bu zarar yoğunlaşmış ve bitkilerin %70-80'ninde zarar belirtileri tespit edilmiştir. Gübreleme ve sulama uygulamaları veya ilkbaharda yağışlı geçen yıllarda bitkilerin hızlı bir şekilde gelişmesi, zarar miktarını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Zararlı üzerinde yapılan incelemelerde, Mart ayından itibaren ergin bireyler görülmeye başlandığı, ana zararlının en yoğun olduğu dönemler Nisan ve Mayıs ayları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sonbaharda Yonca hortumlu böceği Ekim – Aralık aylarında yazlamada çıkış yapıp kışlayan erginlerin az da olsa yoğunluk oluşturdukları görülmüştür. Bu araştırma, bölgedeki Curculionidae türlerinin yoğunluğunu ve zarar durumunu anlamamıza katkı sağlamakta olup gelecekteki zararlı durumunu anlamak ve mücadele stratejileri geliştirmek için önemli bir başlangıç noktası teşkil etmektedir.
The study was carried out in the alfalfa fields of Siirt University Kezer campus in Siirt province in the years 2022 - 2023 in order to determine the damage status and intensity of the harmful species of Curculionidae family and especially the important species, the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813). In order to identify the species and to determine the density and damage status of the important species, observations and inspections were carried out at intervals of 1-2 weeks between March and November and once a month between December and February. Visual control, sweept neet and frame method were used in the study. As a result of the study, 9 species belonging to the family Curculionidae (Coleoptera) were identified. These are; Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (37,30%), Sitona humeralis (Stephens, 1831) (18,30%), Sitona macularius (Marsham 1802) (9,75%), Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (9,58%), Aspidapion radiolus (Marsham, 1802) (7,42%), Eutrichapion arrogans (6,13%), Sitona lividipes (Fahraeus, 1840) (4,92%), Sitona concavirostris (Hochhuth, 1851) (4,83%), Hypera nigrirostris (Fabricius, 1775) (1,72%). The most abundant species was alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. As a result of the study, it was determined that the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica caused economically important damages in the alfalfa fields in the study area. This damage was observed in the form of defeats on the leaves, shoots and top buds of the plants. This damage intensified until the first harvest of alfalfa and damage symptoms were detected in 70-80% of the plants. Fertilization and irrigation practices or the rapid development of plants in the spring rainy years have been found to reduce the amount of damage. In the examinations carried out on the pest, it was determined that adult individuals started to be seen from March and the most intense periods of the main pest were April and May. In addition, it was observed that estivation period was recorded between June- October. Moreover small density adults of Alfalfa weevil was determined in October - December and the overwintering adult stage. This research contributes to our understanding of the density and damage status of Curculionidae species in the region and constitutes an important starting point for understanding future pest status and developing control strategies.
The study was carried out in the alfalfa fields of Siirt University Kezer campus in Siirt province in the years 2022 - 2023 in order to determine the damage status and intensity of the harmful species of Curculionidae family and especially the important species, the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813). In order to identify the species and to determine the density and damage status of the important species, observations and inspections were carried out at intervals of 1-2 weeks between March and November and once a month between December and February. Visual control, sweept neet and frame method were used in the study. As a result of the study, 9 species belonging to the family Curculionidae (Coleoptera) were identified. These are; Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (37,30%), Sitona humeralis (Stephens, 1831) (18,30%), Sitona macularius (Marsham 1802) (9,75%), Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (9,58%), Aspidapion radiolus (Marsham, 1802) (7,42%), Eutrichapion arrogans (6,13%), Sitona lividipes (Fahraeus, 1840) (4,92%), Sitona concavirostris (Hochhuth, 1851) (4,83%), Hypera nigrirostris (Fabricius, 1775) (1,72%). The most abundant species was alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. As a result of the study, it was determined that the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica caused economically important damages in the alfalfa fields in the study area. This damage was observed in the form of defeats on the leaves, shoots and top buds of the plants. This damage intensified until the first harvest of alfalfa and damage symptoms were detected in 70-80% of the plants. Fertilization and irrigation practices or the rapid development of plants in the spring rainy years have been found to reduce the amount of damage. In the examinations carried out on the pest, it was determined that adult individuals started to be seen from March and the most intense periods of the main pest were April and May. In addition, it was observed that estivation period was recorded between June- October. Moreover small density adults of Alfalfa weevil was determined in October - December and the overwintering adult stage. This research contributes to our understanding of the density and damage status of Curculionidae species in the region and constitutes an important starting point for understanding future pest status and developing control strategies.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
