Siirt/Eruh'ta Antepfıstığı bahçelerinin gelişme, verim, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve üreticilerin sosyo-ekonomik koşullarının değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Siirt Üniversitesi
Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Antepfıstığı Siirt/Eruh ekolojisi için çok uygun bir meyve türüdür. Başka meyve türlerinin yetişemeyeceği toprak şartlarında da yetişebilmektedir. Diğer meyve türlerinden maddi getirisi daha fazladır. Son yıllarda dikim alanları ve üretim artmıştır. Bu tez çalışması; Eruh'taki antepfıstığı bahçelerinin gelişme, verim, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve üreticilerin sosyo-ekonomik koşullarının değerlendirilmesi için 2020-2021 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Materyal olarak Siirt'in Eruh ilçesindeki Bayramlı, Çeltiksuyu, Ekinyolu ve Gölgelikonak köylerinde 18-20 yaşlarında birer bahçe belirlenmiştir. Her bahçede 3 er antepfıstığı anacı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; bahçelerdeki antepfıstıklarının verim, fenolojik ve pomolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının araştırılması için üreticilerin %11'i ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Eruh'ta antepfıstığı Siirt çeşidinin çiçeklenmesi, değişik rakımdaki bahçelerde 7-11 Nisan tarihlerinde başlamıştır. Çiçeklenme 15-18 Nisanda sona ermiştir. Çiçeklenmeler toplam 7-8 gün sürmüştür. Hasat 7-14 Eylül tarihlerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Dekara kuru sert kabuklu meyve verim değerleri ortalamasında (2020 ve 2021 yılları) kısıtlı sulama yapılan bahçenin olduğu Gölgelikonak köyü (195,9 kg) ilk sırada yer almış bunu sırasıyla sulama yapılmayan Ekinyolu (155,1 kg), Bayramlı (155,0 kg) ve Çeltiksuyu (147,0 kg) köyleri takip etmiştir. Bahçelerin ortalama kuru sert kabuklu 100 dane ağırlığı 103,8 g, iç meyve randımanı %50,8 ve meyve çıtlama oranı %81,2 olarak saptanmıştır. Meyveler kurutulduğunda, kırmızı kabuklu meyvede nem kaybı (ağırlık kaybı) %46,9, sert kabuklu meyvede %29,8 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bir dekar sulanmayan antepfıstığı net geliri 8.957 TL (943 $), bir dekar kısıtlı sulanan antepfıstığı bahçesinin net geliri 11.540 TL (1.215 $) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sulamanın verimi %57 artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Eruh'ta bir antepfıstığı üreticisinin ailesinin geçimini sağlayabilmesi için 21,4 dekar kuru (sulanmayan) veya 16,6 dekar sulanan (kısıtlı) antepfıstığı bahçesine ihtiyacı olacağı belirlenmiştir.
Pistachio is a very suitable fruit for Siirt/Eruh ecology. It can also be grown in soil conditions where other fruit types cannot grow. It has a higher financial return than other fruit types. Planting areas and production have increased in recent years. This thesis was conducted in 2020-2021 to investigate the development, yield, phenological and pomological characteristics of pistachio orchards in Eruh and to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of the producers. As a material, a garden aged 18-20 was determined in Bayramlı, Çeltiksuyu, Ekinyolu and Gölgelikonak villages in Eruh district of Siirt. Three pistachio trees were used in each orchard. In the study; yield, phenology and pomological characteristics of pistachios in the orchards were determined. In order to investigate the socio-economic status of the producers, a survey was conducted with 11% of the producers. The flowering of the pistachio Siirt variety in Eruh started on April 7-11 in gardens at different altitudes. Flowering ended on April 15-18. Flowering lasted for a total of 7-8 days. Harvest took place on 7-14 September. In the average of yield (dry-shelled fruit) values per decare (2020 and 2021), the village of Gölgelikonak (195,9 kg) with a limited irrigation garden took the first place, followed by Ekinyolu (155,1 kg), Bayramlı (155,0 kg) and Çeltiksuyu (147,0 kg) without irrigation, respectively. The average dry-shelled 100-grain weight of the orchards was 103,8 g, kernel rate was 50,8%, and the fruit splitting rate was 81,2%. When the fruits were dried, it was determined that the moisture loss (weight loss) was 46.9% in the red hulled fruit and 29,8% in the shelled fruit. The net income of one decare of unirrigated pistachio is 8.957 TL (943 $), and the net income of one decare of limited irrigated pistachio orchard is 11.540 TL(1.215 $). It was determined that irrigation increased the yield by 57%. It has been determined that a pistachio producer in Eruh will need 21,4 decares of dry (non-irrigated) or 16,6 decares of irrigated (restricted) pistachio orchards to support his family.
Pistachio is a very suitable fruit for Siirt/Eruh ecology. It can also be grown in soil conditions where other fruit types cannot grow. It has a higher financial return than other fruit types. Planting areas and production have increased in recent years. This thesis was conducted in 2020-2021 to investigate the development, yield, phenological and pomological characteristics of pistachio orchards in Eruh and to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of the producers. As a material, a garden aged 18-20 was determined in Bayramlı, Çeltiksuyu, Ekinyolu and Gölgelikonak villages in Eruh district of Siirt. Three pistachio trees were used in each orchard. In the study; yield, phenology and pomological characteristics of pistachios in the orchards were determined. In order to investigate the socio-economic status of the producers, a survey was conducted with 11% of the producers. The flowering of the pistachio Siirt variety in Eruh started on April 7-11 in gardens at different altitudes. Flowering ended on April 15-18. Flowering lasted for a total of 7-8 days. Harvest took place on 7-14 September. In the average of yield (dry-shelled fruit) values per decare (2020 and 2021), the village of Gölgelikonak (195,9 kg) with a limited irrigation garden took the first place, followed by Ekinyolu (155,1 kg), Bayramlı (155,0 kg) and Çeltiksuyu (147,0 kg) without irrigation, respectively. The average dry-shelled 100-grain weight of the orchards was 103,8 g, kernel rate was 50,8%, and the fruit splitting rate was 81,2%. When the fruits were dried, it was determined that the moisture loss (weight loss) was 46.9% in the red hulled fruit and 29,8% in the shelled fruit. The net income of one decare of unirrigated pistachio is 8.957 TL (943 $), and the net income of one decare of limited irrigated pistachio orchard is 11.540 TL(1.215 $). It was determined that irrigation increased the yield by 57%. It has been determined that a pistachio producer in Eruh will need 21,4 decares of dry (non-irrigated) or 16,6 decares of irrigated (restricted) pistachio orchards to support his family.
Description
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
Keywords
Ziraat, Agriculture
