Bazı Trichoderma pers. türlerinin Antep fıstığında Rhizoctonia solani Kühn.'nin neden olduğu kök çürüklüğü ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkinliğinin araştırılması
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tarımda kullanılan kimyasal pestisitlerin sebep olduğu çevre kirliliği, kalıntı sorunları ve toprak patojenlerinin kimyasal mücadelesinin zor olması gibi sebeplerden ötürü, bitki hastalıklarıyla mücadelede alternatif yöntemler araştırılmaktadır. Biyolojik mücadele kimyasal mücadeleye karşı alternatif olarak geliştirilmiş bir yöntemdir. Trichoderma türleri biyolojik mücadelede en fazla kullanılan antagonist olduğu bilinmektedir. Doğada hemen hemen tüm toprak ve doğal habitatlarda ve özellikle organik madde içeren alanlarda bulunmaktadır. Bitki patojenlerine karşı mikoparazitizm, antibiyotik üretimi, yer-besin için yarışma ve bitkide gelişimi teşvik etme şeklindeki mekanizmaları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma Siirt Üniversitesi Fitopatoloji Laboratuvarında 2022-2023 yıllarında yapılmıştır. Trichoderma türlerinin Rhizoctonia solani patojenine karşı etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla laboratuvarda, uçucu metabolitler yoluyla ve ikili kültür yöntemiyle etkinliği belirlenmiştir. Yine patojenle yapay bulaştırılmış saksı toprağında antagonistlerin etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca temiz toprak uygulamaların bazı gelişim parametreleri de araştırılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda uçucu metabolitler yoluyla Trichoderma sp.FT1 izolatının %33.88 oranıyla patojeni en fazla engellediği bunun yanı sıra ikili kültür yöntemiyle yapılan uygulamada ise Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 izolatının patojeni %70,97 oranında engelleyerek güçlü hiperparazit özelliği gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra saksı çalışmalarında bu antagonistlerin Rhizoctonia solani 'ye karşı etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Rhizoctonia solani patojeninin hastalık şiddeti %75,00 olarak belirlenmiş ve bu patojeni sırasıyla Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 (%66,66), Trichoderma virens İB1 (%60,00), Trichoderma viride VG18 (%56,66) ve Trichoderma sp. FT1 (%43,33) oranıyla baskıladığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu türlerin fıstık bitkisinde, yaş, kuru ağırlık, boy gibi gelişim parametreleri üzerine etkileri de tespit edilmiştir. Bitki kök uzunlukları dikkate alındığında en iyi gelişim gösteren antagonistin T. harzianum TUZ16 olduğu, gövde uzunlukları dikkate alındığında ise en iyi gelişimin Trichoderma sp. FT1 izolatında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaş ve kuru ağırlıklara bakıldığında ise T. harzianum TUZ16 en iyi gelişim gösteren izolat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece Antep fıstığında kök çürüklüğüne neden olan Rhizoctonia solani 'ye karşı biyolojik mücadele yapılmıştır.
Due to reasons such as environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides used in agriculture, residue problems and the difficulty of chemical control of soil pathogens, alternative methods are being investigated to combat plant diseases. Biological control is a method developed as an alternative to chemical control. Trichoderma species are known to be the most used antagonists in biological control. It is found in nature in almost all soil and natural habitats, and especially in areas containing organic matter. There are mechanisms against plant pathogens such as mycoparasitism, antibiotic production, competition for space and nutrients, and promoting development in the plant. This study was conducted at Siirt University Phytopathology Laboratory in 2022-2023. In order to determine the effectiveness of Trichoderma species against the Rhizoctonia solani pathogen, its effectiveness was determined in the laboratory, through volatile metabolites and by dual culture method. Again, the effectiveness of antagonists was investigated in potting soil artificially contaminated with the pathogen. In addition, some development parameters of clean soil applications were also investigated. As a result, it was determined that the Trichoderma sp.FT1 isolate inhibited the pathogen the most with a rate of 33.88% through volatile metabolites, and the Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 isolate inhibited the pathogen with a rate of 70.97% in the application made with the dual culture method. Later, the effectiveness of these antagonists against Rhizoctonia solani was investigated in pot studies. In this context, the disease severity of the Rhizoctonia solani pathogen was determined as 75.00% and this pathogen was identified as Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 (66.66%), Trichoderma virens İB1 (60.00%), Trichoderma viride VG18 (56.66%) and Trichoderma sp. FT1 (43.33%). In addition, the effects of these species on development parameters such as wet, dry weight and height of the pistachio plant were also determined. Considering plant root lengths, the best growing antagonist was T. harzianum TUZ16, and considering stem lengths, the best growing antagonist was Trichoderma sp. FT1 isolate. It was found to be in the Considering the fresh and dry weights, T. harzianum TUZ16 was found to be the best growing isolate. Thus, biological control was carried out against Rhizoctonia solani, which causes root rot in pistachios.
Due to reasons such as environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides used in agriculture, residue problems and the difficulty of chemical control of soil pathogens, alternative methods are being investigated to combat plant diseases. Biological control is a method developed as an alternative to chemical control. Trichoderma species are known to be the most used antagonists in biological control. It is found in nature in almost all soil and natural habitats, and especially in areas containing organic matter. There are mechanisms against plant pathogens such as mycoparasitism, antibiotic production, competition for space and nutrients, and promoting development in the plant. This study was conducted at Siirt University Phytopathology Laboratory in 2022-2023. In order to determine the effectiveness of Trichoderma species against the Rhizoctonia solani pathogen, its effectiveness was determined in the laboratory, through volatile metabolites and by dual culture method. Again, the effectiveness of antagonists was investigated in potting soil artificially contaminated with the pathogen. In addition, some development parameters of clean soil applications were also investigated. As a result, it was determined that the Trichoderma sp.FT1 isolate inhibited the pathogen the most with a rate of 33.88% through volatile metabolites, and the Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 isolate inhibited the pathogen with a rate of 70.97% in the application made with the dual culture method. Later, the effectiveness of these antagonists against Rhizoctonia solani was investigated in pot studies. In this context, the disease severity of the Rhizoctonia solani pathogen was determined as 75.00% and this pathogen was identified as Trichoderma harzianum TUZ16 (66.66%), Trichoderma virens İB1 (60.00%), Trichoderma viride VG18 (56.66%) and Trichoderma sp. FT1 (43.33%). In addition, the effects of these species on development parameters such as wet, dry weight and height of the pistachio plant were also determined. Considering plant root lengths, the best growing antagonist was T. harzianum TUZ16, and considering stem lengths, the best growing antagonist was Trichoderma sp. FT1 isolate. It was found to be in the Considering the fresh and dry weights, T. harzianum TUZ16 was found to be the best growing isolate. Thus, biological control was carried out against Rhizoctonia solani, which causes root rot in pistachios.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
