Orhan Kemal'in İstanbul dönemi öykülerinde yoksulluk
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Orhan Kemal Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk edebiyatında roman ve öyküleriyle bilinen önemli yazarlardandır. Öykülerinde insana ait olan her şeyi irdeleyen yazar, gerçekçi gözlemlerle eserlerini oluşturmuş ve şahıs kadrosunu da hayatında yer alan insanlardan esinlenerek meydana getirmiştir. Öykülerinde gerçek hayatında karşılaştığı kişileri kurgularken bildiği bir gerçeğe, sosyal bir olguya ağırlıklı olarak yer vermektedir. Bu sosyal olgu yazarın da hayatını etkileyen ve çocuk yaşta tanışmak zorunda kaldığı yoksulluktur. Hayatı çocukluğundan ölümüne kadar hep yoksul insanlar arasında geçen Orhan Kemal arkadaşlarını, dostlarını hatta hayat arkadaşını yoksul insanlar arasından seçerek bu hayatla ilişkisini İstanbul'da da koparmamıştır. Kurgusal eserlerinde yer verdiği işçiler, dilenciler, mahkûmlar, ırgatlar, evsizler, serseriler yazarın yakın çevresinden insanlardır. Orhan Kemal'de hikâye kahramanlarının zorluklar ve yoksulluk karşısındaki tavrı ve direnme gücü kişiden kişiye değişmektedir. Olay örgüsünde erkek, kadın ve çocuk bireyleri yoksulluk sonucu oluşan çaresizlik ve açlığa dayanma gücü farklılık arz eder. Bu bağlamda, Orhan Kemal'in İstanbul dönemi öykülerinde yoksulluk ile sınırlandırılan bu çalışmada yoksulluk temasının kadın, erkek ve çocuklarda yarattığı etki ile yoksulluğun toplumsal erdemlere tesiri irdelenmiştir. İstanbul Dönemi öykülerinde yoksulluk insani değerleri ve erdemleri de olumsuz etkileyen bir toplumsal olgudur. Orhan Kemal, İstanbul dönemi öykülerinde yoksulluğun acı manzaralarını Toplumcu Gerçekçi bir anlayışla kaleme almıştır. Bu bağlamda yoksulluğun dayattığı çetin yaşam koşulları "değişmez bir kader" değil mücadele edilmesi gereken bir yazgıdır. Toplumun yoksulluğu bütün çıplaklığı ile aktarılırken insani değerlerdeki yozlaşma başat unsur olarak öne çıkarılmıştır. Çalışmanın temel hareket noktası İstanbul Dönemi öykülerinde yoksulluğun birey ve toplum nezdinde insani erdemlerde yarattığı tahribatı saptamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Orhan Kemal, Öykü, İstanbul Dönemi, Yoksulluk
Orhan Kemal is one of the important writers known for his novels and stories in the Turkish literature of the Republican period. The author, who examines everything human in his stories, created his works with realistic observations and created the characters inspired by the people in his life. While fictionalizing the people he encounters in real life in his stories, he mainly includes a fact, a social phenomenon, that he knows. This social phenomenon is the poverty that affected the author's life and that he had to face at a young age. Orhan Kemal, who spent his life among poor people from his childhood until his death, did not break his relationship with this life in Istanbul, choosing his friends, even his life partner, among poor people. The workers, beggars, prisoners, farmhands, homeless people and vagabonds he includes in his fictional works are people from the author's close circle. In Orhan Kemal, the story heroes' attitudes and resistance to difficulties and poverty vary from person to person. In the plot, men, women and children differ in their ability to endure the desperation and hunger resulting from poverty. In this context, in this study, which is limited to poverty in Orhan Kemal's Istanbul period stories, the effect of the theme of poverty on women, men and children and the effect of poverty on social virtues are examined. In the stories of the Istanbul Period, poverty is a social phenomenon that negatively affects human values and virtues. Orhan Kemal wrote the painful scenes of poverty in his stories of the Istanbul period with a Social Realist approach. In this context, the harsh living conditions imposed by poverty are not an "immutable fate" but a fate that must be fought. While the poverty of the society is conveyed in all its nakedness, the corruption in human values is highlighted as the dominant element. The basic starting point of the study is to determine the damage caused by poverty on human virtues in the eyes of individuals and society in the stories of the Istanbul period. Keywords: Orhan Kemal, Story, Istanbul Period, Poverty
Orhan Kemal is one of the important writers known for his novels and stories in the Turkish literature of the Republican period. The author, who examines everything human in his stories, created his works with realistic observations and created the characters inspired by the people in his life. While fictionalizing the people he encounters in real life in his stories, he mainly includes a fact, a social phenomenon, that he knows. This social phenomenon is the poverty that affected the author's life and that he had to face at a young age. Orhan Kemal, who spent his life among poor people from his childhood until his death, did not break his relationship with this life in Istanbul, choosing his friends, even his life partner, among poor people. The workers, beggars, prisoners, farmhands, homeless people and vagabonds he includes in his fictional works are people from the author's close circle. In Orhan Kemal, the story heroes' attitudes and resistance to difficulties and poverty vary from person to person. In the plot, men, women and children differ in their ability to endure the desperation and hunger resulting from poverty. In this context, in this study, which is limited to poverty in Orhan Kemal's Istanbul period stories, the effect of the theme of poverty on women, men and children and the effect of poverty on social virtues are examined. In the stories of the Istanbul Period, poverty is a social phenomenon that negatively affects human values and virtues. Orhan Kemal wrote the painful scenes of poverty in his stories of the Istanbul period with a Social Realist approach. In this context, the harsh living conditions imposed by poverty are not an "immutable fate" but a fate that must be fought. While the poverty of the society is conveyed in all its nakedness, the corruption in human values is highlighted as the dominant element. The basic starting point of the study is to determine the damage caused by poverty on human virtues in the eyes of individuals and society in the stories of the Istanbul period. Keywords: Orhan Kemal, Story, Istanbul Period, Poverty
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim Dalı, Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
