Antepfıstığında (Pistacia vera L.) matkap aşı uygulaması
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmamız, Siirt ili Merkez ilçeye bağlı Gökçebağ beldesinde, Menengiç anacı üzerine Siirt çeşidinin aşılanmasıyla tesis edilmiş 40-45 yaş aralığında antepfıstığı ağaçlarının bulunduğu bir bahçede yürütülmüştür. Bahçedeki antepfıstığı ağaçlarını gençleştirmek amacıyla ağaçlara matkap aşı yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Aşılamalar, iki zamanlı olarak erken ilkbahar döneminde ve çiçeklenme döneminde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki dönemde de üçer adet farklı antepfıstığı ağacına uç çapı 1-1,2 cm olan matkap ile üstünde iki tane sürgün tomurcuğu bulunan kalemlerle Siirt çeşidi aşılanmıştır. 01.05.2022 tarihinde yapılan kontrollerde her iki farklı zamanda da yapılmış olan aşıların sürgün gözlerinin uyandığı görülmüştür. Erken ilkbahar döneminde yapılan aşılamada 9 adet aşı kaleminden 5 adedinin (%55,5) ve 18 adet sürgün gözünden ise 9 adedinin (%50) uyandığı; çiçeklenme döneminde yapılan aşılamada ise aşılanan 9 adet aşı kaleminden 3 adedinin (%33,3) ve 18 adet sürgün tomurcuğundan 3 tanesinin (%16,6)uyandığı tespit edilmiştir. 06.06.2022 tarihinde yapılan ikinci kontrollerde 1. ve 2. aşı uygulamalarında aşı gözlerinin tümünün tamamen kuruduğu ve aşılama sırasında bitkide açılan yara dokularında yoğun zamk oluşumu ve zamk salgısının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ağaç gövdelerinin ağırlıklı olarak mantar dokularından oluşması, matkap ucunun kalın olması, aşı deliği ve kalem çapının geniş yüzey alanına sahip olması zamk oluşumunu daha da artırmış ve aşılanan kalemlerin ağaç gövdesindeki kambiyum doku ile kaynaşma olasılığını önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu nedenle 06.03.2024 tarihinde aynı bahçedeki ağaçların genç dallarına sadece erken ilkbahar döneminde 1-1,2 cm çapındaki matkap uçları yerine 0,6-0,8 cm çapındaki matkap uçları kullanılarak aşılama işlemi tekrarlanmıştır. 17.04.2024 tarihinde aşılar kontrol edilmiş ve aşılı 9 kalemden 4'ünün (%44,4) ve 18 sürgün gözünden 8'inin (%44,4) uyandığı görülmüştür. 17.05.2024 tarihinde yapılan son kontrollerde uyanan aşı gözlerinin bir kısmının kuruduğu, kalanların ise kuruma belirtileri gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Yaptığımız çalışma sonucunda fıstık ağaçlarının odun dokusunda bulunan anaç ile kalem arasındaki boşluğu dolduran sakız salgısı nedeniyle kambiyum dokularının birbirine teması engellenmiş ve matkapla aşı uygulamaları başarılı olmamıştır.
Our study was conducted in the Gökçebağ town of the Central district of Siirt province, in an orchard with pistachio trees between the ages of 40-45, established by grafting the Siirt variety onto the Menengiç rootstock. In order to rejuvenate the pistachio trees in the orchard, drill grafting method was applied to the trees. Grafting was carried out twice, in early spring term and during flowering term. In both periods, Siirt variety was grafted onto three different pistachio trees using a drill with a tip diameter of 1-1,2 cm and scions with two shoot buds on top. In the controls carried out on 01.05.2022, it was observed that the shoot buds of the graftings made at both different times were awakened. In the grafting performed in early spring, 5 of 9 scions (55,5%) and 9 of 18 shoot buds (50%) awoke; In the grafting performed during the flowering period, it was determined that 3 of 9 scions grafted (33,3%) and 3 of 18 shoot buds (16,6%) were awakened. In the second controls made on 06.06.2022, it was determined that in the 1st and 2nd graft applications, all of the shoot buds were completely dried and there was intense gumming formation and secretion in the wound tissues opened during the grafting in the plant. The fact that the tree stems consist mainly of fungous tissues, the drill bit is thick, the graft hole and the scion diameter have a large surface area, further increased the formation of gum and significantly negatively affected the possibility of the scions grafted to fuse with the cambium tissue in the tree stem. For this reason, on 06.03.2024, the grafting process was repeated on the young branches of the trees in the same orchard, using 0,6-0,8 cm diameter drill bits instead of 1-1,2 cm diameter drill bits, only in the early spring period. The grafts were checked on 17.04.2024 and it was observed that 4 of 9 scions grafted (44,4%) and 8 of 18 shoot buds (44,4%) were awakened. In the last checks carried out on 17.05.2024, it was observed that some of the awakened shoot buds were dried, while the remaining ones showed signs of drying. As a result of our study, contact between the cambium tissues was prevented due to the gum secretion that fills the gap between the rootstock and the scion in the woody tissue of pistachio trees and grafting applications with a drill were not successful.
Our study was conducted in the Gökçebağ town of the Central district of Siirt province, in an orchard with pistachio trees between the ages of 40-45, established by grafting the Siirt variety onto the Menengiç rootstock. In order to rejuvenate the pistachio trees in the orchard, drill grafting method was applied to the trees. Grafting was carried out twice, in early spring term and during flowering term. In both periods, Siirt variety was grafted onto three different pistachio trees using a drill with a tip diameter of 1-1,2 cm and scions with two shoot buds on top. In the controls carried out on 01.05.2022, it was observed that the shoot buds of the graftings made at both different times were awakened. In the grafting performed in early spring, 5 of 9 scions (55,5%) and 9 of 18 shoot buds (50%) awoke; In the grafting performed during the flowering period, it was determined that 3 of 9 scions grafted (33,3%) and 3 of 18 shoot buds (16,6%) were awakened. In the second controls made on 06.06.2022, it was determined that in the 1st and 2nd graft applications, all of the shoot buds were completely dried and there was intense gumming formation and secretion in the wound tissues opened during the grafting in the plant. The fact that the tree stems consist mainly of fungous tissues, the drill bit is thick, the graft hole and the scion diameter have a large surface area, further increased the formation of gum and significantly negatively affected the possibility of the scions grafted to fuse with the cambium tissue in the tree stem. For this reason, on 06.03.2024, the grafting process was repeated on the young branches of the trees in the same orchard, using 0,6-0,8 cm diameter drill bits instead of 1-1,2 cm diameter drill bits, only in the early spring period. The grafts were checked on 17.04.2024 and it was observed that 4 of 9 scions grafted (44,4%) and 8 of 18 shoot buds (44,4%) were awakened. In the last checks carried out on 17.05.2024, it was observed that some of the awakened shoot buds were dried, while the remaining ones showed signs of drying. As a result of our study, contact between the cambium tissues was prevented due to the gum secretion that fills the gap between the rootstock and the scion in the woody tissue of pistachio trees and grafting applications with a drill were not successful.
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
