Suretu'n-Nisa ve mukavvimâtu'l-hifâz ala'l-usra ve'l-mucteme' ve'd-devle
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Siirt Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Konulu tefsir yöntemiyle yaptığımız bu çalışmamızda, Nisa suresinde yer alan; aile, toplum ve devlet müesseselerinin kurucu değerlerini ele almaktayız. Söz konusu surede; toplumun ıslahı, ailenin korunması ve adil bir devletin kurulmasına değinen oldukça fazla konunun işlenmesi dikkate değerdir. Bu sureyi oluşturan ayetlerin büyük bir bölümü, Müslümanlar ile Kureyş kabilesi arasındaki çekişmenin belli ölçüde yatıştığı bir zaman diliminde indirilmiştir. Surede işlenen bu mühim konular da İslam ümmetinin kurumlarının içten tesisi ve korunmasına yöneliktir. Nitekim aile, toplum ve devletten müteşekkil bu üç kurum, ümmetin hayatı için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Nisa suresi aile konusu üzerinde ciddiyetle durmuş, bunu da şu üç eksenle gerçekleştirmiştir: Birincisi; çoğunlukla zulme uğrayan taraf olması bakımından kadının hakları üzerinde yoğunlaşmasıdır. İkincisi; aile oluşumunun iki tarafı ve temel yapıtaşları olmaları açısından karı-koca arasındaki ilişkilerin düzenlenmesidir. Üçüncüsü ise; aileyi kapsayan fıkhi ve kanuni hükümlerin belirlenmesidir. Nisa suresi aynı şekilde, altı çerçeve üzerinden toplumun ıslahı ile de ilgilenmiştir. Bunlar: Malın korunması ve servetin dağıtımı, canın muhafazası, ırzın himayesi ve ona karşı oluşabilecek tehditlerden korunması, hakların sahiplerine teslimi, toplum hakkında birtakım düzenleme ve iyileştirmeler ile toplumu münafıkların hilelerinden sakındırmaktır. Nisa suresi aynı zamanda adil bir devletin temellerini de ortaya koymuştur. Bunu ise dört noktada ele almıştır. İlki; yöneten ve yönetilen güruh arasındaki ilişkilerin düzenlenmesidir. İkincisi; yönetimin konumunu belirleme ve İslami bir devlet sisteminde yönetimin İslamî- şerî hükümlere tabi olduğunu beyan etmektir. Üçüncüsü; yönetim, yargı ve hayatın tüm alanlarında adaletin tesisi için genel hükümler va'z etmektir. Sonuncusu ise; iç ve dış güvenliği temin etmek için alınacak temel önlemlere dikkat çekmektir.
In this study, which we have done with thematic tafsir method, in the Surah of Nisa; we deal with the founding values of family, society and state institutions. In the said surah; It is noteworthy that quite a lot of topics are covered, which touch on the improvement of society, the preservation of the family, and the establishment of a just state. Most of the verses that make up this surah were revealed at a time when the strife between the Muslims and the Quraysh tribe subsided to a certain extent. These important issues covered in the surah are also related to the internal establishment and protection of the institutions of the Islamic Ummah. As a matter of fact, these three institutions, consisting of family, society and the state, are of great importance for the life of the ummah. Surah of Nisa has seriously focused on the family issue, and has done this with the following three axes: First; It focuses on women's rights, since women are more persecuted. Latter; It is the regulation of relations between husband and wife because they are the two sides and basic building blocks of family formation. The third is; It is the determination of fiqh and legal provisions covering the family. Surah of Nisa, was also concerned with the improvement of society through six frameworks. These are: protection of property and distribution of wealth, protection of life, protection of chastity and protection from threats that may arise against it, surrender of rights to their owners, certain regulations and improvements about society, and preventing society from the deceptions of munafıqs. Surah of Nisa, also revealed the foundations of a just state. Surah of Nisa deals with this in four points. The first is the regulation of relations between the rulers and the ruled. Latter; is to determine the position of the government and to declare that the government is subject to Islamic-sharia rules in an Islamic state system. Third; is to make general provisions for the establishment of justice in all areas of administration, judiciary and life. The last one is; to draw attention to the basic measures to be taken to ensure internal and external security.
In this study, which we have done with thematic tafsir method, in the Surah of Nisa; we deal with the founding values of family, society and state institutions. In the said surah; It is noteworthy that quite a lot of topics are covered, which touch on the improvement of society, the preservation of the family, and the establishment of a just state. Most of the verses that make up this surah were revealed at a time when the strife between the Muslims and the Quraysh tribe subsided to a certain extent. These important issues covered in the surah are also related to the internal establishment and protection of the institutions of the Islamic Ummah. As a matter of fact, these three institutions, consisting of family, society and the state, are of great importance for the life of the ummah. Surah of Nisa has seriously focused on the family issue, and has done this with the following three axes: First; It focuses on women's rights, since women are more persecuted. Latter; It is the regulation of relations between husband and wife because they are the two sides and basic building blocks of family formation. The third is; It is the determination of fiqh and legal provisions covering the family. Surah of Nisa, was also concerned with the improvement of society through six frameworks. These are: protection of property and distribution of wealth, protection of life, protection of chastity and protection from threats that may arise against it, surrender of rights to their owners, certain regulations and improvements about society, and preventing society from the deceptions of munafıqs. Surah of Nisa, also revealed the foundations of a just state. Surah of Nisa deals with this in four points. The first is the regulation of relations between the rulers and the ruled. Latter; is to determine the position of the government and to declare that the government is subject to Islamic-sharia rules in an Islamic state system. Third; is to make general provisions for the establishment of justice in all areas of administration, judiciary and life. The last one is; to draw attention to the basic measures to be taken to ensure internal and external security.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Tefsir Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion
