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    Applications of genome editing in plant virus disease management: CRISPR/Cas9 plays a central role
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Wani, Farhana; Rashid, Shahjahan; Wani, Sumiah; Bhat, Sahar Saleem; Bhat, Sanober; Tufekci, Ebru Derelli; El Sabagh, Ayman
    Plant viruses infect a wide variety of economically important crop plants and cause significant loss in agricultural production around the world. Conventional control strategies are insufficient to combat rapidly evolving plant viruses. In recent years, genome editing technologies have paved new ways for manipulating viral genomes (DNA or RNA). Among them, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has been seen to be able to engineer plant virus resistance by directly targeting the viral genome as well as by inactivating host susceptibility genes. In this review, we survey genome editing tools targeting viral genomes, with an emphasis on CRISPR/Cas9. The advantages of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for combating plant viruses as well as its limitations are discussed in detail.
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    Drought-Induced miRNA Expression Correlated with Heavy Metal, Phenolic Acid, and Protein and Nitrogen Levels in Five Chickpea Genotypes
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Inal, Behcet; Mirzapour, Mohsen; Tufekci, Ebru Derelli; Rustemoglu, Mustafa; Kaba, Adem; Albalawi, Marzough Aziz; Alalawy, Adel I.
    Drought is a prime stress, drastically affecting plant growth, development, and yield. Plants have evolved various physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms to cope with drought. Investigating specific biochemical pathways related to drought tolerance mechanisms of plants through biotechnology approaches is one of the quickest and most effective strategies for enhancing crop production. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the principal post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants during plant growth under biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, five different chickpea genotypes (I?nci, Hasan bey, Arda, Seckin, and Diyar 95) were grown under normal and drought stress. We recorded the expression levels of microRNAs in these genotypes and found differential expression (miRNA396, miR408, miRNA414, miRNA528, and miRNA1533) under contrasting conditions. Results revealed that miRNA414 and miRNA528 considerably increased in all genotypes under drought stress, and expression levels of miRNA418, miRNA1533, and miRNA396 (except for the Seckin genotype) were found to be higher under the watered conditions. These genotypes were also investigated for heavy metal, phenolic acid, protein, and nitrogen concentrations under normal and drought stress conditions. The Arda genotype showed a significant increase in nitrogen (5.46%) and protein contents (28.3%), while protein contents were decreased in the Hasan bey and Seckin genotypes subjected to drought stress. In the case of metals, iron was the most abundant element in all genotypes (I?nci = 15.4 ppm, Hasan bey = 29.6 ppm, Seckin = 37.8 ppm, Arda = 26.3 ppm, and Diyar 95 = 40.8 ppm) under normal conditions. Interestingly, these results were related to miRNA expression in the chickpea genotypes and hint at the regulation of multiple pathways under drought conditions. Overall, the present study will help us to understand the miRNA-mediated regulation of various pathways in chickpea genotypes.