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Öğe Bıldırcın Rasyonlarına Nane Yağı İlavesinin Besi Performansı, Et Kalitesi, Karkas Kompozisyonu ve Oksidadif Stres Belirleyicileri Üzerine Etkisi(2020) Daş, Besime Doğan; Daş, Aydın; Koyuncu, İsmail; Bilal, Osman; Kırar, Nurcan; Çetin, Mehmet Serkan; Tufan, TuncayBu çalışma, bıldırcın rasyonlarına eklenen nane yağının büyüme performansı, et kalite, renk ve kanoksidatif stres özellikleri üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 10 günlük yaşta 40 adetjapon bıldırcını kullanılmış ve deneme 35 gün sürdürülmüştür. Araştırma grupları, her birinde bireysel olarak 10bıldırcın bulunan 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Bıldırcınlar için hazırlanan rasyonlarda, kontrol grubunda herhangi bir yemkatkı maddesi kullanılmazken, diğer grupların yemlerine %0.1, %0.2 ve %0.3 Nane Yağı (NY) ilave edilmiştir.Deneme genelinde Canlı ağırlık (CA), Günlük canlı ağırlık artışı (GCAA), Günlük yem tüketimi (GYT), Yemdenyararlanma oranı (YYO), karkas ve kesim özellikleri ile renk ve pH bakımından gruplar arasında farkgözlenmemiştir. Ancak kanda toplam oksidatif durum (TOS)’u önemli ölçüde düşürdüğü ve toplam antioksidandurum (TAS)’u ise yükselttiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bıldırcın rasyonlarına nane yağı ilavesinin besiperformansı ve karkas özelliklerini değiştirmediği ancak TAS değerlerini yükselttiği ve TOS değerlerini düşürdüğüiçin yem katkı maddesi olarak rasyona %0.1 oranında NY eklenmesinin faydalı olacağı görülmüştür.Öğe Bıldırcın Rasyonlarına Polen İlavesinin Besi Performansı ve Karkas Parametreleri Üzerine Et(2018) Sarıkaya, Yasin; Tufan, Tuncay; Bolacalı, MemişBu çalışma, bıldırcın (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) rasyonlarına farklı oranlarda arı poleni ilavesinin canlı ağırlık, canlıağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı ve bazı karkas parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıylayapıldı. Araştırmada bir günlük yaşta toplam 300 adet bıldırcın civcivi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grupları, her biri 100 civcivdenoluşan 3 ana gruba ve bu ana grupların her biri 25 civcivden oluşan 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Bıldırcınlar için hazırlananrasyonlarda, kontrol grubunda herhangi bir yem katkı maddesi kullanılmazken, diğer grupların yemlerine % 0.25 (P1) ve 0.50(P2) arı poleni ilave edilmiştir. Araştırma 42 gün sürmüştür. Deneme genelinde (1-42. günler) canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı,yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranları bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel farklılık belirlenmemiştir (P>0.05).Karkas parametrelerinden sıcak ve soğuk karkas ağırlıkları, kalp, karaciğer, taşlık, bağırsak, göğüs, but, kanat, sırt+boyun vediğer ağırlıkları ve bağırsak uzunluğu bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Abdominal yağağırlığı ve oranı bakımından P2 grubu kontrol grubuna göre düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Sıcak ve soğuk karkasoranları P1 ve P2 gruplarında kontrol grubundan yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0.001). Sonuç olarak, bıldırcın rasyonlarına% 0.25 ve 0.50 düzeylerinde arı poleni ilavesinin; 42 günlük araştırma süresince besi performansı üzerinde kontrol grubunabenzer sonuçlar oluşturması, sıcak ve soğuk karkas oranlarını iyileştirmesi ve abdominal yağ oranında azalmaya nedenolmasından dolayı yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.Öğe Effect of management system and dietary yeast autolysate on the performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of partridges (Alectoris chukar)(South African Journal of Animal Science, 2018) Bolacalı, Memiş; Küçük, Mürsel; Tufan, Tuncay; Aslan, LokmanThis study was conducted to determine the effects of management system (a floor housing (FH) versus a free-range housing (FRH) system) and dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (1% versus 2% dietary supplement) on the performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics of partridges (Alectoris chukar). A total of 480 (240 for each management system) one-day-old male partridge chicks were randomly allocated to a control group and the two dietary groups per production system, each containing 80 chicks. Each dietary group was then divided into five replicate groups of 16 chicks. The study lasted 112 days. In terms of growth performance, partridges reared under FRH management system had a lower average daily live weight gain (ADG), a significantly higher feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. However, partridges fed diets with yeast autolysate had a significantly higher ADG, lower FI, and an improved FCR compared to the control group overall. The gizzard, leg, and wing percentages of the partridges reared in the FRH system were found to be significantly higher than those of partridges reared in the FH system, while the breast and abdominal fat percentages were found to be lower. Dietary supplementation with yeast autolysate significantly increased the cold carcass yield and breast percentage when compared to the control group, while wing and abdominal fat percentages were decreased. In general, best performance was observed in the dietary supplementation group of 1% yeast autolysate in terms of growth and carcass parameters. When considering the fact that partridges are gamebirds, that housing poultry in cage production systems has been prohibited in recent years and that there are positive effects associated with using yeast autolysate as a prebiotic, it is recommended that a free-range production system should be used for partridge breeding, with the addition of 1% yeast autolysate to the diet of the birds.Öğe Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and L-carnitine individually or concurrent supplementation for diets on growth performance, carcass traits and serum composition of broiler chickens(Revue de Medecıne Veterınaıre, 2018) Arslan, Cavit; Tufan, TuncayThis study was conducted to determine effects of dietary indivudually or dually supplementation of chitosan oligosacchacarides (COS) and L-carnitine to diet on growth performance, carcass traits and serum compositions of broiler chickens. A total of 320-day old broiler chicks were used in the study, and the chicks were divided into the following 4 main groups: Basal diet (control); basal diet+100 mg/kg COS (COS); basal diet+100 mg/kg L-carnitine (carnitine); and basal diet+100 mg/kg COS+100 mg/kg L-carnitine (COS+carnitine). Additionally, each of the main groups was divided into 4 subgroups of 20 chickens each. The study lasted for d 42. There were no differences on body weight, feed intake and feed convertion of birds overall the study. There were no differences on slaughter body weight, carcass weight, carcass ratio and breast, leg and wing ratio to carcass weight. Abdominal fat percentage in COS, carnitine and COS+carnitine was lower than the control group. Liver relative weight in COS and control group was higher than carnitine and COS+carnitine group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, total protein and albumin concentrations were not differ among groups. In conclusion, COS, carnitine and COS+carnitine supplementation to broiler diets did not affect growth performance, carcass traits and serum parameters, while carnitine and COS+carnitine can be use due to decreased abdominal fat and liver ratio in broilers.Öğe Effects of dietary addition of synbiotic on the performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2017) Tufan, Tuncay; Bolacalı, MemişThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of synbiotic (Syn) on the growth performance, carcass traits, and serum parameters of Japanese quails. A total of 1,500 (750 male and 750 female) Japanese quails were assigned to five treatments, including the control (basal diet) and basal diets with the addition of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% Syn according to a completely randomized design. Each treatment in the male and female experiment groups consisted of five replicates, with 30 chicks for each replicate. The addition of Syn had no effect on body weight (BW), while the BW of female quails was higher than that of male quails at day 42. The addition of Syn reduced feed intake (FI) and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.000). The daily body weight gain and FI were significantly higher in female than in male quails and Syn also improved the FCR in the overall experiment. The effect of the addition of Syn on carcass parameters (except for abdominal fat) was not determined. The addition of Syn decreased abdominal fat weight and percentage when compared with the control group. Male quails were found to have higher carcass yield, wing, neck, and other percentages than female quails. However, female quails were found to have higher breast, breast skin, abdominal fat, and visceral organ percentages. The addition of 0.1% Syn to quail ration reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protien (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels at day 42 of the trial. The addition of Syn decreased the serum total cholesterol level. Gender was found to have an effect in that female quails were found to have higher total cholesterol, HDL, TP, and ALB levels than male quails. In both genders, the addition of Syn improved the BWG, FC, and FCR in the overall experiment, reduced abdominal fat, decreased the total cholesterol levels, improved the HDL levels, and increased the TP and ALB levels at day 42. The addition of 0.3 and/or 0.4% synbiotic has a positive effect on quails by improving performance and enhancing some serum lipids and protein parameters.Öğe Effects of Different Fattening Systems on Fattening Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Male Tuj Lambs(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017) Onk, Kadir; Sari, Mehmet; Aksoy, Yuksel; Tilki, Muammer; Tufan, Tuncay; Yilmaz, IsaThe purpose of this study were to determine effects of fattening systems on fattening performance (n=39) and slaughter and carcass characteristics (n=24) in male Tuj lambs. Three different fattening groups were formed as extensive (n=13), semi-intensive (n= 13) and intensive (n=13). Lambs in the extensive group were grazed in pasture. In addition to pasture, concentrated feed was given to lambs in the semi-intensive group. High quality fodder and concentrated feed were given to those in the intensive group. The study was completed in 90 d. Final live weights of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive groups were 31.19, 41.22, and 40.56 kg (P<0.001), respectively, and for daily live weight gain were (DLWG) 117.52, 229.66, and 221.11 g (P<0.001), respectively. Feed conversion rates (FCR) were 3.05 and 5.16 respectively in the semi-intensive and intensive fattening. It was found that hot carcass weight was 13.41, 19.51, and 19.89 kg (P<0.001) in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fattening groups respectively. Hot carcass yield was 43.11, 46.95, and 49.77% (P<0.001) in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fattening groups respectively. Consequently; leg, foreleg, shoulder, neck, flank, and kidney percentages, and spleen and full stomach weights of lambs in the extensive group were higher than in semi-extensive and entensive groups. Although there was no statistical difference between semi-extensive and entensive groups in respect to fattening performance, slaugher weight, hot and cold carcass weights, entensive group was higher than the other groups in respect to hot and cold carcass yield.Öğe Effects of Different Fattening Systems on Fattening Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Male Tuj Lambs [(Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017) Önk, Kadir; Sarı, Mehmet; Aksoy, Yüksel; Tilki, Muammer; Tufan, Tuncay; Yılmaz, İsaThe purpose of this study were to determine effects of fattening systems on fattening performance (n=39) and slaughter and carcass characteristics (n=24) in male Tuj lambs. Three different fattening groups were formed as extensive (n=13), semi-intensive (n=13) and intensive (n=13). Lambs in the extensive group were grazed in pasture. In addition to pasture, concentrated feed was given to lambs in the semi-intensive group. High quality fodder and concentrated feed were given to those in the intensive group. The study was completed in 90 d. Final live weights of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive groups were 31.19, 41.22, and 40.56 kg (P<0.001), respectively, and for daily live weight gain were (DLWG) 117.52, 229.66, and 221.11 g (P<0.001), respectively. Feed conversion rates (FCR) were 3.05 and 5.16 respectively in the semi-intensive and intensive fattening. It was found that hot carcass weight was 13.41, 19.51, and 19.89 kg (P<0.001) in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fattening groups respectively. Hot carcass yield was 43.11, 46.95, and 49.77% (P<0.001) in extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fattening groups respectively. Consequently; leg, foreleg, shoulder, neck, flank, and kidney percentages, and spleen and full stomach weights of lambs in the extensive group were higher than in semi-extensive and entensive groups. Although there was no statistical difference between semi-extensive and entensive groups in respect to fattening performance, slaugher weight, hot and cold carcass weights, entensive group was higher than the other groups in respect to hot and cold carcass yield.Öğe Effects of feeding by hay, grass silage and corn silage on growth performance, rumen fluid and blood serum parameters in beef cattle(Revue de Medecıne Veterınaıre, 2016) Tufan, Tuncay; Arslan, Cavit; Önk, Kadir; Sarı, Mehmet; Tilki, MuammerThe study was conducted to determine the use of hay, grass silage, corn silage and grass silage+corn silage as roughage sources on growth performance, some rumen and blood serum parameters in beef cattle. A total of 24 Simmental beef cattle (12 male, 12 female), 9 or 10 months age, which were initially 142.4 kg live weight, were used in this study. The animals were divided into four treatment groups each consisting of 6 cattle (3 male, 3 female). All animals in the groups were fed with 2888 g for 0-21 d, 3813 g for 22-42 d and 5177 g for 43-63 d concentrated feed. In addition to the concentrated feed, one of the following roughage source hay, grass silage, corn silage or grass silage+corn silage (50:50) were given ad libitum to animals in each group. Animals were fed by group basis. At the 63 d of the study, rumen fluid and blood serum samples were taken from the animals. Final live weights of the animals did not affect. Average daily weight gains of the cattle in the overall study were no statistical differences among the groups. The roughage sources did not affect rumen fluid pH, NH3 N, acetic-, propionic- and butyric acid concentrations of beef cattle. The roughage sources did not also affect serum glucose, total protein and albumin concentration of animals. Consequently, it is concluded that mentioned roughage sources could be preferred as alone or grass silage+corn silage combination in feeding of beef cattle after economic analyses of these feedstuffs.Öğe Effects of molasses, barley, oak tannins extracts and previously fermented juice addition on silage characteristics, in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy content of grass silage(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Arslan, Cavit; Tufan, Tuncay; Avci, Mehmet; Kaplan, Oktay; Uyarlar, CangirThis study was carried out to evaluate molasses (M), barley (B), oak tannins extracts (OTE) or previously fermented juice (PFJ) addition as silage additives on nutrient contents, fermentation characteristics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolisable energy (ME), methane (CH4) and ammonia N (NH3-N) production of grass silage. The M, B, OTE added 25 or 50 mg/kg, and PFJ 7.5 or 15 ml/kg to silage for compare to nothing added Control silage. Organic matter content was higher in Control silage than 50 g/kg M added silage. Addition of 25 and 50 g/kg OTE, or 15 ml/kg PFJ to silages decreased crude protein contents as compared to Control silage. Addition of 25 and 50 g/kg M or B, and 50 g/kg OTE decreased pH of silages as compared to 25 g/kg OTE and, 7.5 and 15 ml/kg PFJ added silages. Addition of 25 and 50 M or B, and 50 g/kg OTE increased lactic acid concentration as compared to other silages. Addition of 25 and 50 g/kg M increased IVOMD, CH4 and ME of silages as compared to other silages (except for GS + 50 g/kg B for ME). Generally, OTE or PFJ addition induced a decrease IVOMD, ME and CH4 production. Addition of 25 or 50 mg/kg OTE and 25 g/kg M increased NH3-N concentration as compared to 25 g/kg B added silage. In conclusion, the study showed that adding of M improved fermentative quality, OMD, and ME values of pasture grass silage, and the second most effective silage additive was B, but addition of OTE and PFJ have little effect on improving the silage quality as compared to Control silage. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.Öğe EFFECTS OF MOLASSES, BARLEY, OAK TANNINS EXTRACTS AND PREVIOUSLY FERMENTED JUICE ADDITION ON SILAGE CHARACTERISTICS, IN VITRO ORGANIC MATTER DIGESTIBILITY AND METABOLISABLE ENERGY CONTENT OF GRASS SILAGE(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Arslan, Cavit; Tufan, Tuncay; Avci, Mehmet; Kaplan, Oktay; Uyarlar, CangirThis study was carried out to evaluate molasses (M), barley (B), oak tannins extracts (OTE) or previously fermented juice (PFJ) addition as silage additives on nutrient contents, fermentation characteristics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolisable energy (ME), methane (CH4) and ammonia N (NH3-N) production of grass silage. The M, B, OTE added 25 or 50 mg/kg, and PFJ 7.5 or 15 ml/kg to silage for compare to nothing added Control silage. Organic matter content was higher in Control silage than 50 g/kg M added silage. Addition of 25 and 50 g/kg OTE, or 15 ml/kg PFJ to silages decreased crude protein contents as compared to Control silage. Addition of 25 and 50 g/kg M or B, and 50 g/kg OTE decreased pH of silages as compared to 25 g/kg OTE and, 7.5 and 15 ml/kg PFJ added silages. Addition of 25 and 50 M or B, and 50 g/kg OTE increased lactic acid concentration as compared to other silages. Addition of 25 and 50 g/kg M increased IVOMD, CH4 and ME of silages as compared to other silages (except for GS + 50 g/kg B for ME). Generally, OTE or PFJ addition induced a decrease IVOMD, ME and CH4 production. Addition of 25 or 50 mg/kg OTE and 25 g/kg M increased NH3-N concentration as compared to 25 g/kg B added silage. In conclusion, the study showed that adding of M improved fermentative quality, OMD, and ME values of pasture grass silage, and the second most effective silage additive was B, but addition of OTE and PFJ have little effect on improving the silage quality as compared to Control silage.Öğe Effects of Raw Egg Addition to Milk at Suckling Period on Growth Performance, Concentration of Serum IgG and Some Blood Parameters in Calf(2016) Tufan, Tuncay; Nayir, Mehmet; Arslan, CavitBu araştırma süt emen buzağıların sütlerine çiğ yumurta ilavesinin besi performansı, serum IgG ve bazı kan parametrelerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırmada bir günlük yaşta 16 adet Holştayn ırkı erkek buzağı kullanıldı. Buzağılar canlı ağırlık ortalamaları birbirine yakın olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki buzağılar 59 gün süren araştırma süresince canlı ağırlıklarının % 10'u kadar normal inek sütü ile günde 2 öğün (sabah 08:00, akşam 18:00) halinde beslendi. Deneme grubundaki buzağılar kontrol grubu ile aynı şekilde beslendi, bunun yanında her öğünde sütlerine 1 adet çiğyumurta ilave edildi. Buzağıların canlı ağırlıkları iki haftalık aralıklarla belirlendi. Serum IgG ve serum parametrelerini belirlemek amacıyla araştırma bitimi olan 59. gündekan örnekleri alındı. Araştırma sonu itibariyle; canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık görülmedi. Deneme grubunun serum IgG konsantrasyonu kontrol grubundan önemli derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.01). Serum total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL, LDL, VLDL ve total protein konsantrasyonları gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermedi. Sonuç olarak; buzağı sütüne çiğ yumurta ilavesinin besi performansını, serum lipit metabolizması ürünlerini ve total protein miktarını değiştirmediği, buna karşın immun sistemi güçlendirdiği kanaatine ulaşıldı.Öğe Effects of Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) Fruit Oil Supplementation to Diets on Fattening Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Parameters and Breast Meat Fatty Acid Composition in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)(Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017) Tufan, Tuncay; Arslan, Cavit; Daş, AydınThe objective of this study was to determine effects of terebinth fruit oil (TFO) supplementation to diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters and composition of breast meat fatty acids in Japanese quails. Totally 240 unsexed daily Japanese quail chicks were assigned randomly to three treatment groups. Each group divided into 4 replicates, each containing 20 birds. A group was fed with basal starter diet for 1-21th days and grower diet for 22-42th days (Control). Treatment groups were also fed same diets additionally their ration added by 130 (Group A) or 260 mg/kg TFO (Group B) during the study. At 42 d of study, 20 quails (5 quails from each subgroup) from each group slaughtered for determination of carcass traits, blood parameters and fatty acid composition of breast meat. As a result of this study, final live weight of quails in Group B was found higher than Control and Group A (P<0.05). There were no differences on the average live weight gains of the birds among the groups. Average feed intake in Group A was found lower than Control and Group B on basis of whole study period (P<0.05). Average feed conversion ratio in Group A was found better than Control on basis of whole study period (P<0.05). Carcass weight in Group B was found higher than Group A (P<0.05). There were no differences on carcass yield and breast-, leg-, wing-, heart-, liver- and gizzard ratio to carcass weights of the birds in all groups. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and globulin did not differ among the groups. There were no differences on composition of breast meat fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, due to supplementation of 260 mg/kg TFO enhanced live weight and carcassÖğe GDO’ların üretim amaçları ve hayvan beslemede kullanımı(Turkiye Klinikleri Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases-Special Topics, 5(2), 20-31., 2019) Arslan, Cavit; Tufan, TuncayBu derlemede genetik olarak değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO)’lı ürünlerin yetiştirilme amaçları, besinsel içeriği, yemlerdeki DNA’nın stabilitesi, hayvan beslemede kullanımı, organizmadaki akibeti ve geleceğe yönelik değerlendirmeler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.Öğe Investigation of Farm Animal Drinking Water Mineral Contents in Iğdır Province of Turkey(2020) Karademir, Basaran; Koç, Evren; Oğrak, Yusuf Ziya; Tufan, Tuncay; Kadirhanoğulları, İbrahim HakkıWith this research, it was aimed to investigate the content of some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn)and macro minerals (Mg, Ca, K, Na) in the water resources that meet the water needs of livestock inIğdır. Water samples were collected from natural springs, surface waters, wells and drilling waters,Aras river and its branches in the region. The data obtained were classified in two different ways andstatistical analysis was performed. 1. According to the districts; Central District, Tuzluca,Karakoyunlu, Aralık. 2. According to the type of water resources; Ağrı Mountain spring waters, AğrıMountain surface waters, Mountain spring waters, Mountain surface waters, west of Aras river andit’s canals, east of Aras river, Well and Drilling waters. Mineral levels of the water samples weremeasured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with flame system. According to the districtassessment, it was seen that Tuzluca district had lower values compared to other districts. Whenevaluated according to the type of water source, water mineral content was determined to increase asthe waters flowing forward on the surface after reaching to the earth surface It was even found tohave become unfit for consumption towards the end. Consequently, with this research, the levels ofsome heavy metals and macro minerals in the waters used for livestock in the Iğdır region wererevealed for the first time with their details. Except for the waters of the East Aras river, the watersof the Iğdır region were found to be of usable quality for animal husbandry.Öğe Kars İlindeki Süt İneklerinin Kış Dönemindeki Besleme İlkeleri(2018) Arslan, Cavit; Tufan, TuncayBu araştırma, Kars ilindeki süt ineklerinin kış dönemindeki besleme ilkelerini belirlemek amacıyla anket çalışması şeklindeyapıldı. Bu amaçla, Kars il merkezi ve ilçelerinde süt sığırı işletmecileri ile yüz yüze anketler yapıldı. Yapılan anketlerin 10 tanesiKars il merkezindeki süt ineği işletmecisi ile geri kalanları ise Kars'ın Susuz, Arpaçay, Akyaka, Selim, Sarıkamış, Kağızman veDigor ilçelerinde (her bir ilçede 5 adet) olmak üzere toplam 45 adet süt ineği işletmecisiyle yüz yüze gerçekleştirildi. Bu çalışmasonucunda; Kars ilinde kış aylarında yapılan süt ineği besisinde en fazla kullanılan kaba yemlerin saman, çayır kuru otu vekorunga, konsantre yemlerin ise arpa kırması ve sığır süt yemi olduğu belirlendi. İşletmelerin tamamının konsantre yemverdiği, kaba ve konsantre yemlerin karıştırılarak verildiği tespit edildi. Süt ineklerinin %44 oranında 2 öğün, %48 oranında 3öğünde beslendiği, %78 oranında ise 2 öğün halinde sulandığı belirlendi. İşletmelerin tümünde tuz kullanıldığı, fakat vitaminmineral yalama bloğu kullanılmadığı tespit edildi. Süt ineği işletmelerinin hayvanlarını beslerken teknik personelden destekalmadığı belirlendi. Kış mevsimi beslemelerinde indigesyon, ishal ve timpani gibi sindirim sistemi rahatsızlıklarının nadirengörülme sıklığının %50, pikanın nadiren görülme sıklığının %70 olduğu tespit edildi. Besleme ile ilgili en önemli probleminyemlerin pahalı olması olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; Kars ilindeki süt ineği işletmelerinin geleneksel yöntemle beslemeyöntemlerine bağlı olarak süt ineklerini besledikleri, besleme konusunda ciddi problemlerle karşılaşmadıkları, fakat özelliklevitamin-mineral yetersizliklerinin olabileceği, yetiştiricilerin küçük yönlendirme tavsiyeleriyle hayvanlarını daha yeterli vedengeli bir şekilde besleyebilecekleri kanaatine ulaşıldı.Öğe Ovaryohisterektomi Operasyonu Yapılan Ratlarda Kitosan'ın Postoperatif Peritoneal Adezyon Üzerine Etkisi(2021) Kaya, Semra; Erkılıç, Ekin Emre; Kırmızıgül, Ali Haydar; Kaçar, Cihan; Uzlu, Erdoğan; Tufan, TuncaySunulan çalışmada ovaryohisterektomi operasyonundan hemen sonra intraperitonal yolla kitosan kullanımının postoperatif dönemde peritonal adezyon oluşumunun engellemesi üzerine olan etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 250-350 gr ağırlığında toplam 15 adet dişi Wistar-albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar operasyon öncesinde ve sonrasında oda ısısında (22±2°C), neminde, 12 saat ışık-12 saat karanlık ortamda barındırıldı. Tekli kafeslerde barındırılan ratlar için laboratuvar hayvanlarındaki standart bakım ve besleme yapıldı. Bu ratlar uygun anestezik yöntemler ile anesteziye alındıktan sonra, ovaryumlar ve uterus standart prosedurlere uygun olarak alındı. Ratlar daha sonra rastgele 2 gruba ayrıldı. Kitosan grubundaki ratlara (n=8) ovaryohisterektomi operasyonundan hemen sonra 50 mg/kg dozda kitosan 2.5 mL serum fizyolojik ile karıştırılarak bir defaya mahsus olmak üzere intraperitonal yolla verildi. Kontrol grubuna (n=7) ise ilk gruptan farklı olarak yalnızca 2.5 mL serum fizyolojik intraperitonal olarak verildi. Operasyon günü, operasyonu takip eden 7 ve 14. günlerde vücut sıcaklıkları kaydedildi. Hayvanlar operasyondan 21 gün sonra yüksek dozda anestezik verilerek ötenazi edildi. Vücut sıcaklıkları bakımından gruplar arasında fark saptanmadı. Adezyon belirlenmeyen rat oranının kitosan grubunda daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca kitosan grubunda adezyon direncinin daha düşük olduğu saptandı. Özellikle adezyon skoru 3 oranının kontrol grubunda daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Bu sonuçlar intraperitoneal kitosan uygulamasının adezyon görülme oranını ve adezyon direncini düşürdüğünü göstermektedir.
