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    Alternations in interleukin-1? and nuclear factor kappa beta activity (NF-kB) in rat liver due to the co-exposure of Cadmium and Arsenic: Protective role of curcumin
    (Elsevier, 2023) Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, Bahri; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Cengiz, Betuel Peker; Gur, Fatma; Bayrakdar, Alpaslan; Ayhanci, Adnan
    Cadmium chloride (Cd) and sodium arsenite (As) are two prominent examples of non-biodegradable substances that accumulate in ecosystems, pose a serious risk to human health and are not biodegradable. Although the toxicity caused by individual use of Cd and As is known, the toxicity of combined use (Cd+As) to mammals is poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin (CUR), a naturally occurring bioactive component isolated from the root stem of Curcuma longa Linn., in preventing liver damage caused by a Cd+As mixture. A group of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intraperitoneal administration of Cd+As (0.44 mg/kg+5.55 mg/kg i.p.) and CUR (100 or 200 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days. The experimental results showed that the animals treated with Cd+As exhibited changes in liver biochemical parameters, inflammation and oxidative stress at the end of the experiment. Administration of CUR significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the Cd+As plus CUR groups compared to the Cd+As group. Furthermore, histological examination of the liver tissue showed that administration of CUR had led to a significant reduction in the liver damage observed in the Cd+As group. The present study provides scientific evidence for the protective effects of CUR against lipid peroxidation, inflammation, oxidative stress and liver damage induced by Cd+As in the liver of rats. The results of our in vivo experiments were confirmed by those of our molecular modelling studies, which showed that CUR can enhance the diminished antioxidant capacity caused by Cd+As.
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    Biogenic Synthesized Bare and Boron-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Thymbra spicat ssp. spicata: In Silico and In Vitro Studies
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2024) Cengiz, Mustafa; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Ayhanci, Adnan; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Gur, Bahri
    The biosynthesis technique and biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are commonly used in a variety of applications including medicine. Bare (CuONPs) and boron-doped copper oxide nanoparticles (B/CuONPs) were produced via the green synthesis method using Thymbra spicat ssp. spicata due to their nontoxic, coast effective and facile properties. The nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The produced nanoparticles performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria by using the microdilution technique. B/CuONPs showed high activity on Gram-positive bacteria, while CuONPs showed high activity on Gram-negative bacteria. The cytotoxic effect synthesized CuONPs and B/CuONPs were evaluated against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by using MTT, Annexin-V, Caspase-3/7, and confocal microscopic evaluations. Moreover, the in-silico results have shown for the first time that the active role in the Caspase-3/7 step of the triggered apoptosis pathway is due to the activity of Caspase-7. The results indicated that the biogenic CuONPs and B/CuONPs exerted potential anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity on HepG2 and S. aureus and E. coli that imply to remarkable biological activity. The green synthesized nanoparticles have clearly proposed promising biogenic nanomaterials for biomedical treatments.
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    Green biosynthesis of selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles using whole plant extract of Rheum ribes: Characterization, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity
    (Elsevier, 2024) Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, Bahri; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Ayhanci, Adnan; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap
    Scientists are becoming interested in nanomedicine as a potential new approach to cancer detection and therapy in the twenty-first century. This paper presents the first investigation of the anticancer and antibacterial properties of selenium (Se) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles obtained from Rheum ribes plant extract by a green synthesis method. Morphological and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), which is a useful and straightforward technique for the preliminary characterisation of nanoparticles, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was determined to be 33 nm for Se-Nps and 32.8 nm for ZnO-Nps. The anticancer activity was assessed by the use of MTT, annexin V, caspase 3/7, and confocal microscopy imaging techniques. ZnO-Nps and Se-Nps were found to have significant antibacterial activity with MIC values for Escherichia coli (0.7 mu g/mL, 0.63 mu g/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.56 mu g/mL and 1.1 mu g/mL). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity and the mechanism of action of the nanoparticles on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were evaluated using microdilution and disc diffusion methods. In addition, the antiproliferative properties of ZnO-Np and Se-Np significantly suppressed the growth of A549 cells during a 24-hour incubation period (IC50 18.89 mu g/mL ve 23.88 mu g/mL). The results of the anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity of the present study suggest that certain concentrations of Se-Np and ZnO-Np could be useful for pharmacological applications in cancer treatment and for coating surfaces for sterilization of medical equipment in healthcare settings, particularly in intensive care units.
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    The role of ceranib-2 and its nanoform on the decrease of telomerase levels in human non-small cell cancer
    (Springer, 2024) Cengiz, Mustafa; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Gur, Bahri; Bayrakdar, Alpaslan; Izgordu, Hueseyin; Alanyali, Filiz; Ozic, Cem
    BackgroundCeranib-2, an acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor, can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor development. However, poor water solubility and low cellular bioavailability limit its efficacy in cancer treatment.Methods and resultsThis study aimed to investigate the cell death induced by ceranib-2 and its solid lipid nanoformulation (ceranib-2-SLN) produced by the hot homogenization technique and the synergistic relationship between ceramide and telomerase in vitro and in silico. Furthermore, this study proved the possible mechanism of ceranib-2-induced AC inhibition by in silico studies. The effective cytotoxic concentrations of ceranib-2, telomerase level, and changes in ceramide levels were measured by MTT colorimetric cytotoxicity assay, ELISA, and LC/MS/MS methods, respectively. TEM results showed that ceranib-2-SLN was 13-fold smaller than the size of ceranib-2. Ceranib-2 and ceranib-2-SLN had IC50 concentrations of 31.62 (+/- 2.1) and 27.69 (+/- 1.75) mu M in A549, and 48.79 (+/- 1.56) and 67.98 (+/- 2.33) in Beas-2B cells. These compounds simultaneously increased ceramide levels and decreased telomerase levels in A549 cells. Ceranib-2 increased telomerase levels while decreasing ceramide levels in Beas-2B cells. It was shown how the synergistic impact of ceranib-2-induced ceramide production and ceramide-induced telomerase level reduction on cytotoxicity in A549 cells.ConclusionsCeranib-2-SLN was discovered to be more cytotoxic on cancer cells than ceranib-2, suggesting that it could be a promising option for the development of a new anti-cancer agent.