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Öğe A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE DEHYDROGENATION AND ELECTROOXIDATION ON CERIUM AND COBALT CATALYSTS(Health & Environment Assoc, 2020) Hansu, Tulin Avci; Caglar, Aykut; Sahin, Omer; Kivrak, HilalIn the present study, Co/CNT and Ce/CNT catalysts are prepared via sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction method. Co/CNT and Ce/CNT catalysts are examined to the dehydrogenation and electrooxidation of NaBH4. NaBH4 dehydrogenation activities of these Co/CNT and Ce/CNT catalysts are performed in alkaline environment. 5% Co/CNT catalyst exhibits superior hydrogen evolution compared with other catalysts. Activation energy is calculated using Arrhenius equation. Initial rate for this catalyst is found as 1700 ml H-2 g(cat)(-1) min(-1). As a result of the kinetic calculations, the activation energy of the catalyst is calculated as 44,68775 kj/mol. The degree of reaction (n) is found to be 0.5 by trial and error. In conclusion, 5% Co/CNT catalyst is a promising catalyst for hydrogen production from NaBH4. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis is utilized to examine the electrochemical activity of the catalysts for NaBH4 electrooxidation. 0.1% Co/CNT catalyst has 0.38 mA cm(-2) (3181 mA mg(-1) Co) specific activity.Öğe A comprehensive new study on the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by sirnak coal-derived char(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Batur, Ebru; Baytar, Orhan; Kutluay, Sinan; Horoz, Sabit; Sahin, OmerIn this study, char was prepared from the Sirnak coal derivative as a new adsorbent by the pyrolysis process and successfully applied for Pb (II) removal. Prepared char adsorbent was characterized by analysis techniques such as thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermogravimetric (DTG), iodine number, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. In the experimental design of the Pb (II) removal process, the relationship between operating factors (contact time, initial Pb (II) concentration and temperature) and process responses (adsorption capacity and removal efficiency) was modelled by applying response surface methodology (RSM). After that, the operating factors for the maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Pb (II) by char were optimized. In the removal of Pb (II), pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to determine the process mechanism. In addition, adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich were applied to the equilibrium data to explain the adsorption mechanism between the adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. According to the results obtained, it was determined that kinetic and equilibrium isotherm data were better defined with pseudo-second order kinetic and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models, respectively. The optimum values of the contact time, initial Pb (II) concentration, and temperature for maximum adsorption capacity (124.64 mg/g) and removal efficiency (92.35%) of Pb (II) were found as 150.00 min, 144.81 ppm, and 35.06 degrees C, respectively. This study indicated the application potential of Sirnak coal-derived char as a promising cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals.Öğe A comprehensive study on the synthesis, characterization and mathematical modeling of nanostructured Co-based catalysts using different support materials for AB hydrolysis(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2021) Kazici, Hilal Celik; Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Sahin, OmerThe present work includes the synthesis of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and Eupergit CM-supported Co-based nanoparticles (Co-Fe-B and Co-Mn-B), and the investigation of their hydrolytic efficiency in H-2 generation from the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3). Among the supported catalysts, Co-Fe-B/Eupergit CM exhibited the highest H-2 generation rate as 4539 mLmin(-1)g(catalyst)(-1) compared to Co-Fe-B/Al2O3 and Co-Fe-B/MWCNT, which exhibited 4373 mLmin(-1)g(catalyst)(-1) and 3294 mLmin(-1)g(catalyst)(-1), respectively. When Co-Mn-B/ Eupergit CM was used instead of Co-Fe-B/ Eupergit CM, a significant increase in the highest HGR (19.422 mLmin(-1)g(catalyst)(-1)) was found. Moreover, turnover frequency (TOF) value was calculated as 318 h(-1) and 646 h(-1) for Co-Fe-B/Eupergit CM and Co-Mn-B/Eupergit CM, respectively.Öğe A remarkable Mo doped Ru catalyst for hydrogen generation from sodium borohydride: the effect of Mo addition and estimation of kinetic parameters(Springer, 2020) Hansu, Tulin Avci; Sahin, Omer; Caglar, Aykut; Kivrak, HilalAt present, carbon nanotube supported monometallic Ru at 3 wt% Ru loading (3% Ru/CNT) per gram support and bimetallic RuMo at 3 wt% Ru loading per gram support (3% Ru-Mo/CNT) at varying Ru:Mo atomic ratios are synthesized via sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction method to investigate their performance towards NaBH4 hydrolysis. These monometallic Ru/CNT and bimetallic Ru:Mo/CNT catalysts prepared at varying Ru:Mo atomic ratios are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Characterization results reveal that Mo addition to Ru alters the electronic state of the catalysts. The NaOH concentration, the amount of catalyst, the NaBH4 concentration and the temperature parameters that affect the hydrolysis rate of this synthesized and developed catalyst were examined. The kinetic calculations of these parameters related to the order of the reaction were determined. Under optimum conditions catalyst hydrogen production rate was found to be 82,758.43 ml H-2 g(cat)(-1) min(-1). The reaction order (n) and activation energy (E-a) are determined as 0.42 and 35.11 kJ mol(-1). Ru:Mo/CNT catalyst is a novel and promising catalyst for hydrogen generation from NaBH4.Öğe A study on the ligand-bound Mn(II) complex(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Sahin, Omer; Kilinc, Dilek; Horoz, Sabit5 amino-2,4-dichlorophenol-3,5 ditertbuthylsalisylaldimine-Mn(II) complex was synthesized via the wet chemical method. The Mn(II) complex, characterized by its structural and optical properties, has been used as a sensitizer in a dye-sensitized solar cell structure by growing on TiO2 coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass substrate. The power conversion efficiency of the TiO2/Mn (II) complex structure was calculated by current density (J) versus voltage (V) measurement. The calculated power conversion efficiency (eta%) of TiO2/Mn(II) complex is %1.44. The obtained result shows that this device can be used as a promising sensitizer in solar cell application.Öğe Al2O3 based Co-Schiff Base complex catalyst in hydrogen generation(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Kilinc, Dilek; Sahin, OmerThis work presents the study of the catalytic activity of aluminum oxide supported Co-Schiff Base complex derived from 4,4'-Methylenebis(2,6-diethylaniline)-3,5,-itertbutylsalicylaldimine-Co-Schiff Base complex in sodium borohydride hydrolysis. This catalyst is characterized with XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and BET. The respective reaction kinetics have been calculated. With the catalyst condition, maximum reaction (initial) rate is 106540 and 147193,3 mL H-2/g(cat). min. at 30 degrees C and 50 degrees C. For this reaction apparent activation energy is 44,7792 k.J mol(-1) with 20-50 degrees C. The reaction order value (n) for this catalytic system is 0,31. Additionally when Al2O3 supported Co-Schiff Base complex compared with pure Co-Schiff Base complex, the experimental results show that the aluminum oxide support exhibits enhancing effect with 106540 and 64147 mL H-2/g(cat ) min respectively in sodium borohydride hydrolysis to Hydrogen production. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe An efficient synergistic Co@CQDs catalyst for hydrogen production from the hydrolysis of NH3BH3(Springer, 2021) Onat, Erhan; Sahin, Omer; Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Horoz, SabitWe report the synthesis of carbon quantum dots supported-Co (Co@CQDs) catalyst and its catalytic activity. The synthesized Co@CQDs catalyst for the first time is used to obtain the maximum hydrogen production rate from hydrolysis of NH3BH3. The synthesized Co@CQDs catalyst indicates a compelling performance in the hydrogen production from the hydrolysis of NH3BH3. It is found that Co@CQDs with the loading of Co (10 wt%) indicates a hydrogen production rate of 18600.27 mL/min.g(cat) and low activation energy of 22.97 kJ mol(- 1). The current study demonstrates that CQDs are promising support for dispersing metal catalysts. Moreover, the synthesized Co@CQDs catalyst is characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet and visible light, photoluminescence, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and transmission electron microscope measurements.Öğe An Investigation of Drying Process of Shelled Pistachios in a Newly Designed Fixed Bed Dryer System by Using Artificial Neural Network(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Balbay, Asim; Sahin, Omer; Karabatak, MuratIn this paper, the drying of Siirt pistachios (SSPs) in a newly designed fixed bed dryer system and the prediction of drying characteristics using artificial neural network (ANN) are presented. Drying characteristics of SSPs with initial moisture content (MC) of 42.3% dry basis (db) were studied at different air temperatures (60, 80, and 100 degrees C) and air velocities (0.065, 0.1, and 0.13 m/s) in a newly designed fixed bed dryer system. Obtained results of experiments were used for ANN modeling and compared with experimental data. Falling rate period was observed during all the drying experiments; constant rate period was not observed. Furthermore, in the presented study, the application of ANN for predicting the drying time (DT) for a good quality product (output parameter for ANN modeling) was investigated. In order to train the ANN, experimental measurements were used as training data and test data. The back propagation learning algorithm with two different variants, so-called Levenberg-Marguardt (LM) and scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), and tangent sigmoid transfer function were used in the network so that the best approach can be determined. The most suitable algorithm and neuron number in the hidden layer are found out as LM with 15 neurons. For this number level, after the training, it is found that Root-mean squared (RMS) value is 0.3692, and absolute fraction of variance (R-2) value is 99.99%. It is concluded that ANNs can be used for prediction of drying SSPs as an accurate method in similar systems.Öğe An Investigation of the Effect of CuMoB Nanocatalysts on Efficient Hydrogen Production(Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2022) Demirci, Sevilay; Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Bestas, Hatice; Sahin, OmerIn this study, the Cu-Mo-B catalyst in nanostructure was successfully synthesized with the chemical reduction method of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The categorization of the attained Cu-Mo-B nano-catalyst was examined with XRD, BET, SEM, and EDS analytical methods. As a result of the ammonium borane hydrolysis of this attained catalyst, the most convenient Mo/Co ratio, NaOH impact, the impact of different catalyst amounts, and the impact of different ammonium borane concentrations on ammonium boron hydride hydrolysis were examined. In addition, hydrolysis was examined at different temperatures, and the degree and activation energy of the reaction were determined. At 333 K with the ammonium borane (AB) hydrolysis of Cu-Mo-B nanoparticles, the maximum hydrogen production rate and activation energy were found to be 4075 mL min(-1)g(cat)(-1) and 21.37 kJ mol(-1), respectively. In this context, Cu-Mo-B catalyst can be used in practical fuel cells since it is obtained economically and easily.Öğe Bioeconomic transformation of bio-oil production wastes: a novel adsorbent material for toxic dye adsorption and optimization of process parameters(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yildiz, Hakan; Dolas, Hacer; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, OmerIn this study, for the first time, an adsorbent material was produced from the waste left behind after the bio-oil production process from Terebinth (Pistacia Terebinthus L.) seeds as part of bioconversion, and the adsorption of the hazardous dyestuff methylene blue from aquatic media was investigated. The characterization of the adsorbent was performed using FT-IR, SEM, and BET analysis. The characterization of methylene blue adsorption was conducted to fully understand its nature, including its kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic works. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of the monolayer, as determined from the equilibrium data, was calculated to be 166.07 mg g-1. Additionally, the experimental design method was utilized to determine the optimum conditions of the methylene blue adsorption process under various conditions. This study revealed that activated carbons from Terebinth seeds can be used as an economical and environmentally friendly adsorbent, which is very suitable for the removal of highly toxic dyes.Öğe Biogenic Synthesized Bare and Boron-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Thymbra spicat ssp. spicata: In Silico and In Vitro Studies(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2024) Cengiz, Mustafa; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Ayhanci, Adnan; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Gur, BahriThe biosynthesis technique and biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are commonly used in a variety of applications including medicine. Bare (CuONPs) and boron-doped copper oxide nanoparticles (B/CuONPs) were produced via the green synthesis method using Thymbra spicat ssp. spicata due to their nontoxic, coast effective and facile properties. The nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The produced nanoparticles performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria by using the microdilution technique. B/CuONPs showed high activity on Gram-positive bacteria, while CuONPs showed high activity on Gram-negative bacteria. The cytotoxic effect synthesized CuONPs and B/CuONPs were evaluated against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by using MTT, Annexin-V, Caspase-3/7, and confocal microscopic evaluations. Moreover, the in-silico results have shown for the first time that the active role in the Caspase-3/7 step of the triggered apoptosis pathway is due to the activity of Caspase-7. The results indicated that the biogenic CuONPs and B/CuONPs exerted potential anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity on HepG2 and S. aureus and E. coli that imply to remarkable biological activity. The green synthesized nanoparticles have clearly proposed promising biogenic nanomaterials for biomedical treatments.Öğe CeO2 supported multimetallic nano materials as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Kazici, Hilal CelikNowadays, there is still no suitable method to store large amounts of energy. Hydrogen can be stored physically in carbon nanotubes or chemically in the form of hydride. In this study, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was used as the source of hydrogen. However, an inexpensive and useful catalyst (Co-Cr-B/CeO2) was synthesized using the NaBH4 reduction method and its property was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements. The optimized Co-Cr-B/CeO2 catalyst exhibited an excellent hydrogen generation rate (9182 mLg(metal)(-1) min(-1)) and low activation energy (35.52 kJ mol(-1)). The strong catalytic performance of the Co-Cr-B/CeO2 catalyst is thought to be based on the synergistic effect between multimetallic nanoparticles and the effective charge transfer interactions between the metal and the support material. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Characterization of La-alloyed CdS QDs synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique(Springer, 2018) Ekinci, Arzu; Sahin, Omer; Horoz, SabitIn this present study, the photovoltaic, structural, elemental and optical properties of La-alloyed CdS quantum dots (QDs) synthesized at room temperature using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique were investigated for the first time. For La-alloyed CdS QDs with different La concentrations, incident photons to current efficiency (IPCE) was measured and the optimum La concentration giving the best solar cell efficiency was determined as 1%. Characterization procedures were then performed to determine the structural and optical properties of La-alloyed CdS QDs with 1% La. As a result, La-alloyed CdS QDs with 1% La have been proposed as promising materials for photovoltaic applications.Öğe Characterization of Microwave and Conventional Heating on the Pyrolysis of Pistachio Shells for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Iodine(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Saka, Cafer; Agrak, SelmanThe production of activated carbon was investigated using the sequential combination of microwave and conventional heating of pistachio shells as the raw precursor with zinc chloride. Several techniques such as thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area analyses were performed to characterize the samples. The highest specific surface area value for the activated carbon prepared at a microwave power of 200W with microwave time of 20min, and flow rate of 50mLmin(-1) was 1468m(2)g(-1). The methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacities were 331 and 1276mgg(-1), respectively. The results were compared to those obtained using physical and chemical activation methods and showed that the sequential combination of microwave and conventional heating reasonably influenced the micropore surface area of the samples as well as the specific surface area.Öğe Chemical bath deposition of Co-doped PbS thin films for solar cell application(Springer, 2020) Ekinci, Arzu; Sahin, Omer; Horoz, SabitCo-doped PbS thin films with different Co concentrations were synthesized by cost-effective chemical bath deposition technique. The main purpose of this study is to determine thin film which has the best photovoltaic efficiency by examining the photovoltaic properties of Co-doped PbS with different Co concentrations. To investigate photovoltaic properties, incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) and current density (J)-voltage (V) measurements were performed. The second stage of our study is to characterize the properties of Co-doped PbS which has the best photovoltaic efficiency value. As a result of the characterization processes, the information about the crystal structure, crystallite size and energy band gap of Co-doped PbS was obtained. When the photovoltaic efficiency values obtained in the first stage of our study were taken into consideration, it was clearly observed that the Co-doped metal significantly improved the photovoltaic properties of the PbS.Öğe Co-Mn-B Nanoparticles Supported on Epoxy-Based Polymer as Catalyst for Evolution of H2 from Ammonia Borane Semi-Methanolysis(Springer, 2022) Kazici, Hilal Celik; Izgi, Mehmet Sait; Sahin, OmerA high-density and low-cost hydrogen generation technology is required for hydrogen energy systems. Non-noble multimetallic Co-Mn-B nanoparticles can serve as a good catalyst because of their low cost and ability to produce hydrogen gas during the catalytic semi-methanolysis process. This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and the use of Co-Mn-B catalyst supported on Eupergit CM as a very active and reusable catalyst for the generation of hydrogen from the semi-methanolysis of ammonia borane (AB). Solid materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rates of hydrogen generation were used to determine the kinetics of semi-methanolysis reaction. The parameters examined, namely the percentage of NaOH, percentage of metal loading, amount of catalyst particles, and AB concentrations and temperatures, were 1-5 (wt)%, 5-10 (wt)%, 5-50 mg, 0.5-3 mmol, and 30-60 degrees C, respectively. Total turnover frequency (TOF) value, hydrogen generation rate, and activation energy (Ea) were obtained at 30 degrees C as 15,751 h(-1), 17,324 mL g(cat)(-1)min(-1) (3 mmol AB and 25 mg Co-Mn-B/Eupergit CM), and 43.936 kJ mol(-1), respectively.Öğe Cold plasma and microwave radiation applications for surface modification on the pistachio husk-based adsorbent and its effects on the adsorption of rhodamine B(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Saka, Cafer; Sahin, Omer; Kutluay, SinanIn this study, cold plasma and microwave radiation technologies were applied on the surface of pistachio husk adsorbent to improve the removal of rhodamine B. The surface properties of pistachio husk, modified by nitrogen gas, were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and point of zero charge measurements. The changes of the surface property before and after plasma and microwave radiation treatment were discussed. According to scanning electron microscopy measurement, the surface roughness was increased after plasma and microwave radiation treatment. The removal percentages of rhodamine B compared with untreated pistachio husk were increased from 21.46% to 41.86 and 39.63% (about 100% increase) after modification by cold plasma and microwave radiation treatments, respectively. An increasing in the surface basic groups was observed during the modification according to point of zero charge measurements.Öğe Design and optimization of production parameters for boric acid crystals with the crystallization process in an MSMPR crystallizer using FBRM® and PVM® technologies(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Kutluay, Sinan; Sahin, Omer; Ceyhan, A. Abdullah; Izgi, M. SaitIn crystallization studies, newly developed technologies, such as Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) and Particle Vision and Measurement (PVM) are applied for determining on-line monitoring of a representation of the Chord Length Distribution (CLD) and observe the photographs of crystals respectively; moreover recently they are widely used. Properly installed, the FBRM ensures on-line determination of the CLD, which is statistically associated to the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD). In industrial crystallization, CSD and mean crystal size as well as external habit and internal structure are important characteristics for further use of the crystals. In this paper, the effect of residence time, stirring speed, feeding rate, supersaturation level and the polyelectrolytes such as anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) and non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) on the CLD as well as the shape of boric acid crystals were investigated by using the FBRM G600 and the PVM V819 probes respectively in an MSMPR (Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal) crystallizer. The CSD and kinetic data were determined experimentally using continuous MSMPR crystallizer running at steady state. The population density of nuclei, the nucleation rate and the growth rate were determined from the experimental population balance distribution when the steady state was reached. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Designing copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticle by tobacco stem extract-mediated green synthesis for solar cell efficiency and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Ekinci, Arzu; Sahin, Omer; Kutluay, Sinan; Horoz, Sabit; Canpolat, Gurbet; Cokyasa, Mine; Baytar, OrhanThis study presents the green synthesis of copper-doped zinc oxide (Cu-doped ZnO) nanoparticles using tobacco stem (TS) extract. The environmentally friendly synthesis method ensures distinct features, high efficiency, and applicability in various fields, particularly in solar cell technology and photocatalytic applications. ZnO nanostructures are investigated due to their unique properties, cost-effectiveness, and broad range of applications. The nanoparticles are synthesized with varying Cu concentrations, and their structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics are thoroughly analyzed. The Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit improved properties, such as increased surface area and reduced particle size, attributed to the incorporation of Cu dopants. The green synthesis approach using TS extract serves as a stabilizing agent and avoids the toxicity associated with chemical methods. Characterization techniques including SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD confirm the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. Photocatalytic degradation studies reveal that the 5% Cu-doped ZnO exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity against methylene blue, attributed to synergistic effects between Cu and ZnO, including oxygen vacancy and electron-hole pair recombination rate suppression. The photocatalytic mechanism involves the generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, leading to methylene blue degradation. Furthermore, the Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrate promising photovoltaic performance, with the optimal efficiency observed at a 5% Cu concentration. The study suggests that Cu-doped ZnO has the potential to enhance solar cell efficiency and could serve as an alternative material in solar cell applications. Future research should focus on refining Cu-doped ZnO for further improvements in solar energy conversion efficiency The successful synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles from tobacco stem extract suggests an environmentally friendly approach. The photocatalytic degradation studies demonstrate the superior activity of 5% Cu-doped ZnO against methylene blue, attributed to synergistic effects between Cu and ZnO. Cu-doped ZnO has the potential to significantly enhance solar cell efficiency. The demonstrated photocatalytic and photovoltaic activities of Cu-doped ZnO open avenues for further research in optimizing their performance for practical applications in solar energy technologies and sustainable energy production.Öğe Determination of Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Material(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Saka, Cafer; Sahin, OmerSerotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a newer form of antidepressant drugs. SNRIs include desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, venlafaxine, and sibutramine. The present study covers the analytical research on SNRIs and their main metabolites, focusing on bioanalytical and pharmaceutical applications. These analytical methods are generally chromatographic, electroanalytical, spectrometric, and electrophoretic methods.
