Yazar "Meena, Ram Swaroop" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Biological Nitrogen Fixation: An Analysis of Intoxicating Tribulations from Pesticides for Sustainable Legume Production
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Ahmad, Zahoor; Tariq, Rana Muhammad Sabir; Ramzan, Musarrat; Bukhari, Muhammad Adnan; Raza, Ali; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Meena, Ram Swaroop
    A score of pedo-environmental factors serves as limiting elements for the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) process in root nodules of leguminous plants. Since the advent of the green revolution, pesticides have been considered indispensable for keeping crop pests below the economic threshold level to ensure sustainable production of field crops for the rapidly increasing world population. However, pesticide application has also been associated with adverse effects on plant growth and development besides causing a detrimental reduction in microbial community dynamics. Rhizobium strains that are host-specific are no exception to this threat and are negatively influenced by different pesticides, especially fungicides, which seriously affect the functioning of the nitrogen (N) fixation process. Pesticides containing different synthetic chemicals affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), and consequently, the amount of N fixed. This leads to reliance on crop plants primarily on N available in soil solution. Ultimately, reduced soil fertility leads to deteriorate crop productivity and quality of the produce. The objective of this review has been to synthesize, explore and critically analyze the effects of pesticide applications and their physiological impacts on BNF in legumes for sustainable crop production to strengthen food security for the increasing world population. Our review elucidates that indiscriminate use of agrochemicals could result in an undesirable environment for the healthy survival of symbiotic and symbiotic organisms leading to a corresponding reduction in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis leading to poor atmospheric N fixation and thus affecting the whole agroecosystems. Therefore, by giving due consideration to the harmful effects of pesticides, farmers’ awareness about the safe usage of agrochemicals might be among the top priorities to conserve the environment besides harmonically preserving living organisms. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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    Nitrogen Fixation of Legumes Under the Family Fabaceae: Adverse Effect of Abiotic Stresses and Mitigation Strategies
    (Springer Singapore, 2020) Sabagh, Ayman El; Hossain, Akbar; Sohidul Islam, M.; Fahad, Shah; Ratnasekera, Disna; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Wasaya, Allah
    Nitrogen (N) is an essential element of the building blocks of almost all plant structures and a vital component of chlorophyll, enzymes, and proteins. It is used in relatively large amounts than other plant nutrients. Therefore, N has been recognized as the most limiting nutrient in crop production systems. Several transformation processes are involved in the nitrogen cycle. Among them, biological nitrogen fixation is an environmentally friendly natural resource for sustainable agricultural systems. Recently, the reports directed to a decrease in agricultural dependence on symbiotic nitrogen fixation due to abiotic stresses. Therefore, abiotic stresses are a topic that increasingly occupies the attention of the world is still a matter of debate. Although physiological mechanisms are affected in more intense abiotic stresses, most research efforts have focused on the study of these processes. In legume plants being grown under symbiotic conditions, one of the primary effects of abiotic stresses is a decline in the rates of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). In the present chapter, we summarize our current understanding of the factors that are affected by SNF in legumes. Finally, an overview of the available resources and applications of the physiological system for understanding the complex responses of legumes to abiotic stresses is provided. The overall conclusion was that all physiological mechanisms are important in understanding the regulation of N2 fixation and its response to abiotic stresses. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.