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Öğe Assessment of prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and associated biochemical alterations in the cattle of Siirt province, Turkey(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2019) Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Irak, Kivanc; Akgul, GulsahThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the cattle raised in the Siirt province of Turkey and to obtain epidemiologic data about the disease in order to reveal its relationship with certain biochemical parameters. The material of the study consists of a total of 380 cattle. The blood sample was obtained from the jugular vein of the animals. Meanwhile, approximately 50-100 gr of feces were also collected from the animal's rectum for a fecal examination. The zinc sulfate flotation method was used to inspect the fecal samples. 338 (89%) of samples were found to be seronegative, while the remaining 42 (11%) were seropositive. GGT, ALP, ALT, AST, TP and Albumin parameters analyzed on the serum samples. GGT levels of the seropositive animals were found to be statistically higher compared to the control group. As a result, the ELISA method was confirmed to be more accurate in the diagnosis of fasciolosis, and the increased GGT activity in the serum was determined as a significant indicator of the diagnosis.Öğe Changes in some biochemical parameters of hair goat kids diagnosed with oak poisoning(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2019) Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Irak, KivancIn this study, some biochemical parameters of hair goat kids which had consumed excessive amounts of oak leaves and acorns in the autumn season and displayed toxicity symptoms during clinical inspections were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of the goat kids. Glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, Na, K, Cl, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of poisoned animals were found to be within the reported reference intervals. Creatinine, total protein, albumin, Ca, Mg and Fe levels, on the other hand, were found to be below the reference intervals. As a result, it was concluded that goats reflect the clinical findings of oak poisoning described in the literature, which courses with lowered amounts of mineral (Fe, Mg, Ca), TP, albumin and creatinine, yet without a significant change in other biochemical parameters. It can also be concluded that excessive consumption of oak by goats was capable of leading to toxicity.Öğe Grape seed extract effects on serum amylase levels and immunohistochemical alterations in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(C M B Assoc, 2018) Irak, Kivanc; Yildirim, Serkan; Mert, Handan; Mert, NihatIn this study, serum amylase activity and structural changes of the pancreatic tissue in rats under the effects of grape seed extract were investigated. Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups. First one was the control group. The second group was the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) group (45 mg/kg), while the third group was the grape seed extract (GSE) group, where the GSE was administrated intragastrically for 20 days (at 0.6 ml/rat). Lastly, the fourth group was the diabetes mellitus+GSE (DM+GSE) group. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for amylase activity. Caspase 3 expressions were inspected with immunohistochemistry. Amylase levels in the diabetic group were found to be the lowest (794.00 +/- 44.85 U/L, p<0.001), while the GSE group had the highest value (1623.63 +/- 80.04 U/L, p<0.001) Number of apoptotic cells was increased in Langerhans islets of the diabetic group. In the control and GSE groups, the apoptotic cells were found to be almost entirely absent. Increased number of apoptotic cells was found in the DM group, while decreased number of apoptotic cells was found in the DM+GSE group. Furthermore, atrophy in Langerhans islets, hyperemia in capillary veins, hydropic degeneration and necrosis in islet cells were determined in the diabetic group. Only mild hydropic degeneration in islet cells of Langerhans was observed in the DM+GSE group. Histopathologically beneficial changes in the pancreases were detected when grape seed extract was given to diabetic rats. As a conclusion, GSE was determined to have positive effects on the function and structure of the pancreas, improving enzyme activities and the structure of the Langerhans islets.Öğe Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in Siirt province in Turkey(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Ipek, Duygu Neval Sayin; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Irak, Kivanc; Akgul, GulsahToxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease, which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is quite common in the world, found in all mammals including humans, poultry, and reptiles. It has been reported that; adult cattle do not have toxoplasmosis clinically, and it is possible they pass the parasite through the placenta to the fetus, and that some infected animals give birth to aborted or infected calves. This study was conducted to determine T. gondii seroprevalence in cattle of Siirt region in Turkey and seropositivity was determined in blood samples of 300 cattle by using ELISA. Results showed that 53 (18%) of the samples were seropositive, while 247 (82%) of the samples were seronegative. In addition, there was a significant difference between their average age groups.Öğe Investigation of the Protective Effect of Kefir against Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats(Korean Soc Food Science Animal Resources, 2018) Mert, Handan; Yilmaz, Hikmet; Irak, Kivanc; Yildirim, Serkan; Mert, NihatThis study aims to investigate the protective effects of kefir against myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 8 rats. The control group, the kefir group (5 mL/kg/d kefir administered to rats as intra-gastric gavage for 60 d), the ISO group (100 mg/kg ISO was administered to rats, s.c. on 61. and 62. d), and kefir+ISO group (5 mL/kg/d kefir was administered to rats intra gastric gavage for 60 days prior to ISO, 100 mg/kg in two doses on day 61 and 62). 12 h after the last ISO dose, all rats were decapitated and their blood samples were collected. Cardiac tissue was reserved for histopathological examination. creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides, total cholesterol,very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and glucose were measured by autoanalyzer, whole blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. It was determined that in the group of kefir+ISO, the levels of AST (p<0.001), CK (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), MDA (p<0.001) and AOPP (p<0.001) were decreased, while the GSH (p<0.05) increased, compared to ISO group. There were no significant changes in lipid profile and glucose levels between these two groups. In conclusion, by examining cardiac enzymes and histopathological changes in cardiac tissue, it can be concluded that the administration of kefir in myocardial infarction induced by ISO can protect the heart with its antioxidant characteristic and minimize the toxic damage created by ISO.Öğe Nephroprotective effect of ferulic acid on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Erseckin, Vasfiye; Mert, Handan; Irak, Kivanc; Yildirim, Serkan; Mert, NihatFerulic acid is a kind of phenolic compound that can be found in various fruits and vegetables. This study aims to investigate the effect of ferulic acid on nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin (GM). In this study, rats were separated into 4 groups such that each containing 8 randomly selected rats: Control group, Ferulic Acid (FA) group, Gentamicin (GM) group and Gentamicin + Ferulic acid (GM + FA) group. Blood samples were collected after 24 hours following the 8-day trial period, and kidneys were taken out for histopathological evaluation. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and LDH analyses were performed in autoanalyzer while Malondialdehyde (MDA), Advanced Oxidized Protein Products (AOPP), Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) analyses were performed in ELISA, and kidney tissues were also examined histopathologically. Urea (p < .001), creatinine (p < .001), MDA (p < .01), AOPP (p < .001), IL-6 (p < .01) and TNF-alpha (p < .001) levels were found to be statistically and significantly lowered in GM + FA group when compared to GM group. As a result, ferulic acid has reduced the inflammation in nephrotoxicity induced by GM, causing decreased oxidative stress. In this study, anti-inflammatory features of ferulic acid have come to the forefront rather than the antioxidant features. It can be said that ferulic acid reduces nephrotoxic damage and has protective properties for kidneys.Öğe Oxidant/Antioxidant Status, PON1 and ARES Activities, Trace Element Levels, and Histological Alterations in Sheep with Cystic Echinococcosis(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2018) Irak, Kivanc; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Karakoc, Zelal; Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Mert, Handan; Mert, Nihat; Kaya, Mustafa OguzhanBackground: Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), nitric oxide (NO), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) levels, paraoxonase (PON1), arylesterase (ARES) activities, and biochemical changes were studied on sheep with cystic echinococcosis. Methods: The materials were taken from 2-3 yr old sheep slaughtered in Van Province, Turkey in 2017. Before the slaughter, blood samples were collected from the healthy sheep, while various organs of animals were examined for hydatid cysts after the slaughter. Thirty sheep were protoscolex positive, hydatic group, while 30 sheep that did not have any pathological lesions in organ examinations were accepted as the control group. TOS levels, PON1 and ARES activities, and Zn levels were determined by commercial kits, while Cu levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The collected data were then statistically analyzed. Results: Serum TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher in sheep with cystic echinococcosis compared to the control group (P<0.001). TAS levels (P<0.01), PON1 and ARES activities, on the other hand, were significantly higher in control group compared to the cystic echinococcosis group (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in Zn, NO and Cu levels between the groups. Conclusion: PON1 and ARES activities increased in sheep infected with cyst hydatid. The decline of antioxidant reserves in the metabolism results in excessive amounts of free radicals, along with alterations of the normal histological structure of the cystic organ and changes in trace element metabolism.Öğe Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in shelter dogs of southeastern Türkiye(Urmia Univ, 2023) Celik, Burcak Aslan; Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Kochan, Akin; Ayan, Adnan; Kilinc, Ozlem Orunc; Akyildiz, Guerkan; Irak, KivancGiardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite found in humans and several mammals. This parasite spreads worldwide and is generally recognized as a zoonotic agent being reported to be one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and animals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis in shelter dogs in Diyarbakir province being located in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkiye. Native-Lugol method and nested polymerase chain reaction analyses of 100 fecal samples showed a prevalence of 3.00 and 4.00%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in females and in those younger than 1 year. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of zoonotic assemblage B, assemblage D and assemblage E. The detection of zoonotic assemblage B in this study suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for human giardiasis. Further molecular research is needed to determine the genotype diversity of Giardia as well as its possible role in the transmission of this parasite to humans.(c) 2023 Urmia University. All rights reserved.Öğe Protective effect of date extract on rat nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin, clinical, histological and antioxidant evidences(C M B Assoc, 2018) Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Irak, KivancIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of the date extract (Phoenix dactylifera) on certain biochemical parameters and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index in nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. The rats used in the study were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups. each consisting of 8 rats: control group, date extract (DE) group, gentamicin (GEN) group, gentamicin+date extract (GEN-FDE) group. Blood samples and kidney tissues were taken 24 hours after eight days of trial. Urea, Creatinine, BUN, Na, Cl and K analyzes on the serum samples were carried out in auto analyzer. One of the kidney tissues was examined histopathologically. The supematant, which was obtained by homogenizing the other kidney tissue was used in TAS and TOS analyzes. OSI was calculated using the formula. Urea, Creatinine, and BUN levels were higher in the GEN group, when compared to the other groups (p<0.001), while Na (p<0.05), CI and K levels (p<0.001) were lower than those of the other groups. When the control group and the GEN group were compared, it was observed that the level of TAS decreased in the renal tissue and the level of TAS increased in the GEN+DE group. It was determined that TOS (p<0.01) and OSI (p<0.00I) levels increased in the GEN group and renal TOS and OSI levels decreased in the GEN DE group when compared to the GEN group. In conclusion, when the histopathological changes in kidney tissue with antioxidant and oxidant status in nephrotoxicity with gentamicin are examined, it can be said that date extract with gentamicin attenuates nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin and date extract protects the kidney.Öğe RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2022) Sogutlu, Inci; Irak, Kivanc; Mert, Handan; Yildirim, Serkan; Mert, NihatIt was aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on structural changes that occur in renal tissues of rats with streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (Control, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), GSE, Diabetes Mellitus+ GSE (DM + GSE) groups) each containing 8 rats. When GSE was given, the values of serum creatinine, BUN and uric acid in diabetics were decreased. Kidneys of diabetic group were found to have mild interstitial nephritis, tubular dilatation, hydropic degeneration, clotting necrosis in the tubular epithelium, dilatation in glomerulus and Bowman capsule, and hyperemia in glomerular capillaries. In the DM + GSE group, the glomeruli were normal, but hydropic degeneration was observed in some of the tubule epithelium. Only a few 8-OhDG positive cells were detected in tubule epithelium in the diabetes + grape seed group. The administration of GSE to diabetic patients helped to heal the deteriorated of kidney condition and DNA damage.Öğe Retinol, ?-tocopherol and vitamin D3 in White Muscle Disease(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2018) Mert, Handan; Yildirim, Serkan; Yoruk, Ibrahim Hakki; Irak, Kivanc; Comba, Bahat; Mert, Nihat; Aysin, NesrullahVitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fatsoluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions - like eyesight - and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White Muscle Disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, alpha-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum alpha-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p < 0.001) and alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.001) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker's necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of alpha-tocopherol and retinol (p < 0.001) compared to the sick lambs.Öğe The effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) on the level of adiponectin and some biochemical parameters in rats with fructose induced metabolic syndrome(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Mert, Handan; Irak, Kivanc; Cibuk, Salih; Yildirim, Serkan; Mert, NihatThe effect of evening primrose oil on adiponectin level and some biochemical parameters in model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome were investigated. The rats were divided into 4 groups: control, evening primrose oil, fructose, fructose + evening primrose oil. Body weight, daily feed and water consumptions and systolic blood pressures of animals were measured. At the end of trial, blood samples were taken, livers were excised and histopathological examination was performed. Glucose, uric acid, triglyceride, T.cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, adiponectin, insulin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TAC, and TOS levels were analysed. Some analysed parameters and systolic blood pressure of fructose + evening primrose oil group decreased significantly compared to fructose group and adiponectin, TAC, and HDL levels were significantly increased. As conclusion, evening primrose oil can be considered as antioxidant agent by reducing oxidative stress, increasing adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammatory properties, exhibiting anti-atherogenic effect by regulating dyslipidemia and systolic blood pressure.Öğe The effect of fucoidan on the changes of some biochemical parameters and protein electrophoresis in hepatotoxicity induced by carbontetrachloride in rats(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Aysin, Nesrullah; Mert, Handan; Mert, Nihat; Irak, KivancFucoidan is a sulfate polysaccharide extracted from brown algae. Fucoidan has various pharmacological properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-fibrogenic activity and anti-complementary activities Objective: This study was aimed to explore the effect of fucoidan on biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, GGT, total protein, albumin, globulin) and protein fractions in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats used in the study were randomly divided into four groups of 8 rats each: Control group, fucoidan group, fucoidan+CCl4 group and CCl4 group. After 24 hours from the process of an eight-day experiment, blood samples were taken. The analysis of ALT, AST, GGT activities and total protein, albumin, globulin levels were done by an autoanalyser and serum protein fractions (albumin, alpha 1- globulin, alpha 2-globulin beta- globulin, gamma- globulin and A/G ratio) were electrophoretically determined. Results: In the group of fucoidan+CCl4, it was determined that the levels of AST (p<0.001), GGT (p<0.001), total protein (p<0.01), globulin (p<0.01), beta-globulin % (p<0.01), gamma-globulin % (p<0.001) statistically decreased compared to CCl4 group. Conclusion: It can be said that fucoidan has the property of hepatoprotectant by looking to some biochemical parameters and changes in protein fractions that examined in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4.Öğe THE EFFECT OF FUCOIDAN ON THE GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Yilmaz, Mesut; Mert, Handan; Irak, Kivanc; Erten, Remzi; Mert, NihatPossible preventive or therapuetic effects of fuciodan, which has antioxidant properties and was administered together with gentamicin (GM) made up nephrotoxicity through giving GM to the rats, have been searched. The rats used in this study were randomly grouped in three: control, GM (80 mg/kg/day/i.p GM was administered for 8 days), GM+fucoidan (80 mg/kg/day/i.p GM for 8 days + fucoidan 100 mg/kg/day/ for 8 days were administered with intra-gastric gavage) groups. Blood and tissue samples were taken 24 hours after the 8 days trial period. Besides determining plasma creatinine, BUN, sodium, potassium, chloride levels in auto-analyser, whole blood glutathione, plasma MDA and AOPP levels were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The highest plasma creatinine, BUN, potassium, AOPP and MDA levels were found in the GM group. It was determined that while the levels of creatinin (p<0.01), BUN (p<0.05), potassium (p<0.05), AOPP (p<0.01), MDA (p<0.01) in GM+fucoidan group were decreasing with regard to those in GM group, chloride levels were rising (p<0.05). The study revealed the nephroprotective effect of fucoidan. These findings suggest that fucoidan administration together with GM may attenuate renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress in the kidney.Öğe The epiphyseal plate closure phenomena for male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): histological and biochemical alterations(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2020) Karakoc, Zelal; Irak, KivancThis study was conducted to determine the effect of sex on ossification processes in quail by determining the exact closure timing of the epiphyseal plate in the proximal region of the femur. This was done by investigating the histological and biochemical parameters affecting the osteogenesis process that takes place following quail hatching to observe if any variation existed between males and females in this regard. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from six male and female specimens via IV catheters every week for the first 42 days that followed hatching. The samples were transferred into serum tubes, and PTH (PTH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin D values in the samples, which are known to have an impact on ossification, were analyzed. The specimens from which the blood samples were collected were then euthanized, and histological cut-sections that covered the epiphyseal growth plate were collected, along with the bone sections of the proximal regions of the right femur. Considering decalcification, these histological sections were kept in an ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) solution. Routine histological examinations were then conducted on these sections, after which they were embedded in paraffin. Crossman's modified triple staining method was used to prepare them, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to statistically evaluate whether the inspected biochemical parameters played a role in the ossification process of quail and whether a statistical difference existed between sexes in this regard. The findings of our study revealed that poultry animals also have five zones in the epiphyseal plate as do mammals, and they have calcified cartilage areas. The findings also indicate that, while ossification starts to occur both in male and female quail specimens, calcification occurs more frequently in females. It was determined that the proximal epiphyseal plate regions of the femur close at the end of the sixth week in both sexes of quail, although the calcification and ossification are more advanced in some females compared with males.
