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Öğe Beyan'ul-Hak Journal and Hamdi Effendi(Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2012) Demir, SerifThe declaration of the second constitutional era caused a great change in political and cultural fields. In the cultural life of this period, many new organizations and media organs had emerged. Cemiyet-i Ilmeye-i Islamiye and Beyan'ul Hak Journal were established in such a time. The publication of Beyan'ul Hak Journal, quite active in political life, lasted more than four years. The authors of the magazine with a large staff of writers were also included Hamdi Effendi (Elmalili Mohammad Hamdi Yazir). Hamdi Effendi was very active in politics. He took place in many political activities from suppression of 31 March Incident intellectually to the deposition of Abdulhamid. In the tumultuous life of the period, Hamdi Effendi took attention with his contemporary writings in Beyan'ul Hak Journal, his political activities in the Assembly and his scientific studies.Öğe Ottomanism As The Policy Of The State In The Tanzimat Reform Era(Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2011) Demir, SerifFrench Revolution which Europe also affected the Ottoman Empire. Growing nationalism, culture and nation-state concept in the West had so much influence on non-Muslim communities of the Ottoman Empire living in Rumelia. The Ottoman Empire that had so many political, administrative and military problems faced a new problem. The Ottoman Empire did not have an alternative planned and programmed way of solution for the the idea of growing nationalism. Hovewer, a new concept emerged as the series of measures which were introduced during the reign of II. Mahmud continued also in the Tanzimat Reform Era. In short, with this thought called Ottomanism, it was aimed to unificate non-Muslims under the umbrella of the Ottoman Empire. It was possible to see traces of the idea of Ottomanism in Tanzimat Firman, Islahat Firman, Citizenship Law 1868 and the first constitution the Kanun-i Esasi. The idea of the State for holding non-Muslims together and the Ottomanism policy was not accepted by non-Muslims and the policy was resulted as a failure.