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Öğe Alternations in interleukin-1? and nuclear factor kappa beta activity (NF-kB) in rat liver due to the co-exposure of Cadmium and Arsenic: Protective role of curcumin(Elsevier, 2023) Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, Bahri; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Cengiz, Betuel Peker; Gur, Fatma; Bayrakdar, Alpaslan; Ayhanci, AdnanCadmium chloride (Cd) and sodium arsenite (As) are two prominent examples of non-biodegradable substances that accumulate in ecosystems, pose a serious risk to human health and are not biodegradable. Although the toxicity caused by individual use of Cd and As is known, the toxicity of combined use (Cd+As) to mammals is poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin (CUR), a naturally occurring bioactive component isolated from the root stem of Curcuma longa Linn., in preventing liver damage caused by a Cd+As mixture. A group of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intraperitoneal administration of Cd+As (0.44 mg/kg+5.55 mg/kg i.p.) and CUR (100 or 200 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days. The experimental results showed that the animals treated with Cd+As exhibited changes in liver biochemical parameters, inflammation and oxidative stress at the end of the experiment. Administration of CUR significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the Cd+As plus CUR groups compared to the Cd+As group. Furthermore, histological examination of the liver tissue showed that administration of CUR had led to a significant reduction in the liver damage observed in the Cd+As group. The present study provides scientific evidence for the protective effects of CUR against lipid peroxidation, inflammation, oxidative stress and liver damage induced by Cd+As in the liver of rats. The results of our in vivo experiments were confirmed by those of our molecular modelling studies, which showed that CUR can enhance the diminished antioxidant capacity caused by Cd+As.Öğe Alternations in nuclear factor kappa beta activity (NF-kB) in the rat brain due to long-term use of atomoxetine for treating ADHD: In vivo and in silico studies(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2021) Gur, Fatma; Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, BahriAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder reported particularly in children. Long-term use of antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of ADHD has been shown to exert toxic effects on the brain. However, not enough research has been carried out on the neurotoxic effects of these drugs on the brain tissue. Atomoxetine (ATX) is the most widely used antipsychotic drug that has gained approval for ADHD treatment. The present study aims to determine the damage induced by long-term use of three different doses of ATX in the brain tissue of experimental rats. 24 rats were divided into Control group (0.5 mL saline), Group 2 (0.5 mg/mL ATX), Group 3 (1.0 mg/mL ATX), and Group 4 (2.0 mg/mL ATX), each group having 6 members. Their brain tissues were taken for stereological, histological, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) protein expression analysis. ATX was determined to have caused a few alterations in the brain tissue, such as disruption in the endothelial epithelium of capillaries, a couple of large astrocyte nuclei, and mitotic astrocytes. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in Group 4 compared to Control Group in terms of astrocyte counts in the brain sections. As for Groups 3 and 4, there were differences in terms of oligodendrocyte counts in the incisions cultivated from the brain tissues of the animals. On the other hand, NF-kB positive astrocytes of Groups 3 and 4 differed significantly from those of Control and Group 2. The results of molecular dockings of the present study are in line with the in-vivo results. Therefore, it was concluded that the higher the dose of ATX was, the more damage the brain tissue sustained. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Biogenic Synthesized Bare and Boron-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Thymbra spicat ssp. spicata: In Silico and In Vitro Studies(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2024) Cengiz, Mustafa; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Ayhanci, Adnan; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Gur, BahriThe biosynthesis technique and biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are commonly used in a variety of applications including medicine. Bare (CuONPs) and boron-doped copper oxide nanoparticles (B/CuONPs) were produced via the green synthesis method using Thymbra spicat ssp. spicata due to their nontoxic, coast effective and facile properties. The nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The produced nanoparticles performed antibacterial activity against human pathogenic organisms of both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria by using the microdilution technique. B/CuONPs showed high activity on Gram-positive bacteria, while CuONPs showed high activity on Gram-negative bacteria. The cytotoxic effect synthesized CuONPs and B/CuONPs were evaluated against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells by using MTT, Annexin-V, Caspase-3/7, and confocal microscopic evaluations. Moreover, the in-silico results have shown for the first time that the active role in the Caspase-3/7 step of the triggered apoptosis pathway is due to the activity of Caspase-7. The results indicated that the biogenic CuONPs and B/CuONPs exerted potential anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity on HepG2 and S. aureus and E. coli that imply to remarkable biological activity. The green synthesized nanoparticles have clearly proposed promising biogenic nanomaterials for biomedical treatments.Öğe Bitki Gelişimini Tetikleyen Rizobakterilerin Uygulandığı Buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) Kuraklık Stresi ileİlişkili Bazı Genlerin İfade Seviyesinin Ölçülmesi(2021) İnal, Behçet; Bektaş, Harun; Mirzapour, Mohsen; Altıntaş, Serdar; Çığ, Fatih; Cengiz, Mustafa; Sonkurt, MehmetEkmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) temel besin kaynağı olması ve tüm dünyada üretimi yapılabilen bir ürünolması nedeniyle sürdürülebilir tarım açısından en önemli bitki türlerinden biridir. Buğday bitkisinin genetik yapı olarakmısır, çeltik ve diğer tüm tarımsal ürünlerden daha kompleks bir yapıya sahip olması bu türün ıslahını zor ve uzun zamanalan bir süreç haline getirmektedir. Diğer taraftan verim değerlerinin istenilen noktalara getirilebilmesi buğdayın çevreselfaktörlere verdiği tepkilerin anlaşılması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da buğday ıslahında en sık karşılaşılansorunlardan kuraklık ve hastalıklara karşı direncin ACC deaminaz etkisi gösteren PGPB (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria)ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda ACC deaminaz sentezleyen bakterilerin iki farklı ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde (Gerek79, Bezostaja 1) ve kuraklık koşullarındaki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma ile ACC deaminaz etkisi ile kuraklığa karşıdayanıklılık mekanizmasında rol alan bazı transkripsiyon faktörlerin ifade seviyeleri q-RT PCR ile ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca heriki buğday genotipinde glutatyon redüktaz seviyesi ölçülerek genler ile olan ilişkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonucundaelde edilen veriler değişen etkinlik derecesine sahip olmakla birlikte PGPB bakterilerinin kuraklık stresinin olumsuzetkilerini azaltıcı etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.Öğe Blood and Stool Arsenic Levels Are Decisive for Diagnosing Children's Functional Gastrointestinal Disease (FGD)(Springernature, 2022) Bilici, Namik; Dogan, Erkan; Sevinc, Eylem; Sevinc, Nergiz; Akinci, Gulsema; Musmul, Ahmet; Cengiz, MustafaPediatric gastroenteritis is a potentially fatal disease that accounts for 10% of childhood deaths. The main risk is environmental factors and nutrition. Arsenic (As) is commonly found in the earth's crust. As is an essential element that can form many organic compounds. In children, it causes diarrhea, gums, tongue lesions, diabetes, conjunctivitis, ocular opacity, and impaired immune response. It also causes low growth, mental retardation, and neurological problems. It is also known as the cause of many cancers that originate at an early age. Regionally, there is an iron and steel industry for almost a century. According to the Rome IV criteria, the blood and stools of 50 children aged 6-18 years, male and female, living in our province with functional gastrointestinal disease (FGD), were screened for As, and compared with the Healthy group (control) of 30 children. The results were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. When blood and stool As values in males were compared with control samples, a high level of significance (p = 0.001) was found between both blood and stool As values in sick males and the control group (p < 0.005). In females, blood and stool As median values were also highly significant when compared with the control group (p = 0.001). According to these data, when the sick children (children with male and female gender) are compared with the healthy ones, the difference is highly significant (p < 0.005). High blood As levels in children indicate environmental pollution. It can be said that blood As levels are high as a result of food, water, and inhaler exposure. The presence of a high level of significant difference in stool means that the amount of As is high in the foods consumed daily. High levels of As are in blood and stools; It was evaluated that FGD could be the cause of nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and colic. The increase in blood and stool As values due to environmental pollution is an important reason for FGD. For diseases of uncertain cause (such as FGD) resulting from chronic As exposure, blood and especially stool As values are more significant than urinary As levels. In conclusion, As a diagnostic criterion, it was concluded that blood and stool As values are an important marker in children with functional abdominal pain with other metals.Öğe Boric acid protects against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats(C M B Assoc, 2018) Cengiz, MustafaThe worldwide increase in the rate of cancer incidence also leads to a significant increase in the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Unfortunately, the optimal clinical usefulness of these agents is heavy restricted by a high incidence of several organ toxicity and as well reason oxidative stress and bring about changing in antioxidant status. Kidney toxicity is a side effect often encountered with cyclophosphamide (CPM) which is commonly used in most cancer chemotherapy. The present study aims on the assessment of the probable defensive efficacy of Boric acid (BA) against CPM- induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Based upon our investigation results with oxidative stress markers and light microscopic findings, it can be concluded that BA significantly reduced CPM induced oxidative stress and renal damage. As far as we know, high dose (200 mg/kg) of BA are the first study on the prevention of kidney damage caused by CPM. It is thought that the renoprotective effects of BA may be due to an increase in the activity of the antioxidant protection system and also inhibition of lipid per oxidation.Öğe Cilomilast, a PDE4 Inhibitor, Suppresses CD4++ and CD8++ T Cell Proliferation in the Thymus and Spleen of Rats: Mechanism of Glutathione Reduction(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2024) Gezer, Arzu; Baygutalp, Nurcan Kilic; Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, Bahri; Ozkaraca, MustafaCilomilast is an oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor recommended for treating COPD. However, its side effects and low therapeutic index remain an unresolved problem in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cilomilast on the spleen and thymus tissues of rats. For experimental studies, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220g were randomly divided into three experimental groups: The procedures were repeated for 7 days for the control, sham, and cilomilast groups. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the rats under anesthesia on day 8 of the experiment for analysis. p<0.05 at a 95% confidence level was considered to indicate statistical significance. Severe tissue damage in the thymus and spleen was observed in the cilomilast group. In the thymus and spleen tissues of the control and sham groups, CD4+ + and CD8+ + cell immunopositivity were more intense, while the density of these cells was significantly reduced in the cilomilast group. In addition, glutathione (GSH) levels decreased, and nitric oxide levels increased in both tissues of the cilomilast group. However, in-silico results showed that the decrease in GSH levels is due to the enzymes gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase and glutathione synthase, which act as catalysts in the two-step GSH biosynthesis mechanism. Suppression of the immune system targets both harmful and compensatory pathways so that both beneficial mechanisms and pathological changes can be blocked. To eliminate these cilomilast-induced side effects and enable more effective clinical application, it may be recommended to develop formulations such as lipid-based inhaled forms or nano-drug delivery systems including dendrimers, reverse micelle systems, polymeric or lipid-based carriers as an alternative to conventional application.Öğe A comparative study on the therapeutic effects of silymarin and silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on D-GaIN/TNF-?-induced liver damage in Balb/c Mice(2014-12-25) Cengiz, Mustafa; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Burukoglu, Dilek; Ayhanci, AdnanNanostructure mediated drug delivery is known to have a potential to improve drug bioavailability, apart from fostering release deviation of drug molecules and enabling precision drug targeting. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have drawn great deal of the attention of scientists in ?nding a solution to minimize pharmaceutic limitations of the drugs used. Silymarin(Sm)has so far been used for treating diverse liver and gall bladder disorders, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and jaundice, and for protecting the liver against poisoning from chemical and environmental toxins on account of its antihepatotoxic and antioxidative properties. The present study aims to develop a novel silymarin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (SmloadedSLN) system with enhanced bioavailability and with an ability to provide excellent hepatic protection for poorly water-soluble drugs. Based upon our investigation results with apoptotic markers, PCNA and light microscopic ?ndings, it can be concluded that Sm-loaded SLN signi?cantly reduced D-GaIN/TNF?-induced hepatotoxicity, which suggested improved bioactivity compared to Sm. In conclusion, Sm-loaded SLN could be a useful system for the delivery of poorly water-soluble Sm, apart from providing favourable hepatic protection.Öğe Cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress, lipid per oxidation, apoptosis and histopathological changes in rats: Protective role of boron(Elsevier Gmbh, 2020) Cengiz, Mustafa; Sahinturk, Varol; Yildiz, Songul Cetik; Sahin, Ilknur Kulcanay; Bilici, Namik; Yaman, Suzan Onur; Altuner, YilmazBackground: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of many types of cancer. However, as with other chemotherapeutic drugs, the use of CP is limited by the damage to healthy tissues such as testes, bladder and liver as well as cancerous tissue. Boron (B) is a trace element with many biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-lipid per oxidation. Methods: This current study aims to determine protective effects of B on CP induced testicular toxicity. The rats were divided into 4 groups (control, CP, B and B plus CP groups). The testes of experimental animals were taken for histological, apoptotic markers and biochemical analysis. Results: The damage to some seminifer tubules, loss of typical appearance, thinning of seminifer epithelium and relative enlargement of the tubule lumen were watched in testis of the group that administrated CP. Moreover, Bcl-2, TAC and GSH levels decreased while TOC, OSI, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 levels increased. On the other hand, pretreatment limited to B in the B plus CP group, testicular tissue improved. In addition, Bcl-2, GSH, TAC levels increased, Bax, MDA, TOC, OSI and caspase-3 levels decreased. Conclusion: B significantly reduced testicular lipid per-oxidation and strengthened antioxidant defenses. Our results showed that pre-treatment B can protect rat testis against CP-induced testicular damage owing to its anti-lipid per oxidation, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.Öğe Decreased Na+/K+ pump activity in the erythrocyte membrane due to malondialdehyde in rheumatoid arthritis: an in vivo and in silico study(Canadian Science Publishing, 2022) Ogul, Yasemin; Gur, Fatma; Gur, Bahri; Cengiz, Mustafa; Sari, Refik Ali; Kiziltunc, AhmetApart from demonstrating the interaction behavior of malondialdehyde (MDA) with Na+/K+-ATPase using in silico, the current study aims to investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis-related oxidative stress on Na+/K+-ATPase activity that is present in the erythrocyte cell membrane, which is rich in proteins vulnerable to damage from MDA and other free radicals. The target population of this study consists of 28 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 20 healthy volunteers whose MDA levels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were determined. It was shown that MDA levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients increased (p < 0.001) and their Na+/K+-ATPase activity noticeably decreased when compared to those of healthy individuals. Also, according to this in silico modeling, MDA decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in line with the correlation analyses. Consequently, while elevated levels of MDA in the rheumatoid arthritis group were suggestive of oxidative stress, a decreased Na+/K+-ATPase-activity led us to speculate that the cellular membrane had sustained injury. Therefore, our results could be useful in explaining how MDA affects Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the interior of a specific molecular pathway.Öğe Escin attenuates oxidative damage, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in a model of cyclophosphamide-induced liver damage(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Cengiz, Mustafa; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Peker Cengiz, Betul; Ayhanci, AdnanTo investigate the effects of escin (ES) on acute damage induced by alkylating agent, experimental rats were injected with cyclophosphamide (CPM) to cause liver damage. The animals were divided into four groups: Control Group, CPM (200 mg/kg), ES (10 mg/kg), CPM, and ES Groups. Immunohistopathological, hepatic histopathological, and biochemical changes were analyzed. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondyaldehyde (MDA), glutathion (GSH), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum were all determined. Serum and immunohistopathology analysis revealed that MDA, ALT, AST, LDH, TOC and OSI, caspase-3 and Bax levels had increased while GSH, TAC, Bcl- 2 and OSI levels decreased in CPM Group when compared to Control Group. These findings appear to account for the severe damage detected. In the CPM + ES treated group, positive improvements were found in biochemical parameters as well as in cell-death and tissue-related damage parameters.The results show that ES considerably protects the rat liver against CPM-induced hepatotoxicity thanks to because of its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.Öğe Evaluation of oxidant and intracellular anti-oxidant activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: In vivo and in silico studies(Elsevier, 2021) Ogul, Yasemin; Gur, Fatma; Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, Bahri; Sari, Refik Ali; Kiziltunc, AhmetRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most prevalent cause of the systematic inflammatory arthritis that destroys the joints. While the pathogenesis of RA remains to be clarified, the imbalance in the oxidant and anti-oxidant defense system plays a crucial role. This study aims to evaluate oxidant and anti-oxidant levels of RA patients and their impacts on the activity of the disease via in silico studies. 28 patients who had not previously received any treatment for RA and 20 healthy controls were included. Their oxidative stress markers, antioxidant markers, and inflammatory factors were investigated via in silico studies. Compared to the Control Group, serum CRP levels, MDA levels, and XO activities were higher in RA Group. Cu/ZnSOD and GPx activities decreased while CAT activities remained unchanged. Besides, there was a positive correlation between MDA-serum CRP levels but a negative correlation between MDA levels-Cu/ZnSOD activities. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between CRP levels and Cu/ZnSOD activities. Based on these results, it was concluded that oxidative stress had increased, the defense system had weakened, and ROS production had increased. Finally, our study results with SOD and CAT activity were confirmed by molecular docking studies.Öğe Green biosynthesis of selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles using whole plant extract of Rheum ribes: Characterization, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity(Elsevier, 2024) Cengiz, Mustafa; Gur, Bahri; Sezer, Canan Vejselova; Baytar, Orhan; Sahin, Omer; Ayhanci, Adnan; Kutlu, Hatice MehtapScientists are becoming interested in nanomedicine as a potential new approach to cancer detection and therapy in the twenty-first century. This paper presents the first investigation of the anticancer and antibacterial properties of selenium (Se) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles obtained from Rheum ribes plant extract by a green synthesis method. Morphological and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), which is a useful and straightforward technique for the preliminary characterisation of nanoparticles, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was determined to be 33 nm for Se-Nps and 32.8 nm for ZnO-Nps. The anticancer activity was assessed by the use of MTT, annexin V, caspase 3/7, and confocal microscopy imaging techniques. ZnO-Nps and Se-Nps were found to have significant antibacterial activity with MIC values for Escherichia coli (0.7 mu g/mL, 0.63 mu g/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.56 mu g/mL and 1.1 mu g/mL). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity and the mechanism of action of the nanoparticles on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were evaluated using microdilution and disc diffusion methods. In addition, the antiproliferative properties of ZnO-Np and Se-Np significantly suppressed the growth of A549 cells during a 24-hour incubation period (IC50 18.89 mu g/mL ve 23.88 mu g/mL). The results of the anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity of the present study suggest that certain concentrations of Se-Np and ZnO-Np could be useful for pharmacological applications in cancer treatment and for coating surfaces for sterilization of medical equipment in healthcare settings, particularly in intensive care units.Öğe Hematoprotectiye effect of boron on cyclophosphamide toxicity in rats(C M B Assoc, 2018) Cengiz, MustafaThe goal of this study was to determine the effects of boric acid (B) as a boron source on blood cells and indirectly on bone marrow. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of 200 mg / kg of cyclophosphamide (CP) resulted in reductions in the number of erythrocyte (20%), hemoglobin (20%), leukocytes (96%), thrombocytes (41%), and hematocrit (21%). The group given CP alone was killed 3 days after the CP administrated. For the group having CP+B (200 mg/kg i.p) treatment was started 3 days earlier than the CP administration and continued to the finish of the experiment (6 days). On day 4, the animals were weighed again, relative doses of CP were expected, and CP+B was administered together. On day 7, blood samples were collected under anesthesia. The results suggest that B could reduce CP -induced toxicity on blood cells and bone marrow in rats.Öğe Hepato-preventive and anti-apoptotic role of boric acid against liver injury induced by cyclophosphamide(Elsevier Gmbh, 2019) Cengiz, Mustafa; Yildiz, Songul Cetik; Demir, Cemil; Sahin, Ilknur Kulcanay; Teksoy, Ozgun; Ayhanci, AdnanThis study aims to examine cyclophosphamide (CP) exsposure associated toxicity on rat livers and the likely defensive effects of boric acid (BA). The rats used in this study were divided into four groups: control group, CP group, BA group, and BA + CP group. The present study was carried out using routine histological H&E stain, immunohistochemical stain caspase-3 as apoptotic marker, serum biochemical analysis for liver function markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkalen phosphatase (ALP)), oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total antioxidant capacity marker (TAC)). In the CP group, the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TOS, OSI and caspase-3 increased whereas TAC levels decreased compared with the control group. In the BA + CP group, the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TOS, OSI and caspase-3 decreased whereas TAC levels increased compared with the CP group. The histopathological evaluation of light microscope images and immunohistochemical caspase-3 activity in the BA + CP group were found to be decrease compared with those in the CP group. In conclusion, BA was successful in defending the liver against apoptosis and histopathological changes that are attributable to CP.Öğe Immunotherapeutic and Cell-Protective Effects of Probiotic Kefir on Cyclophosphamide induced Nephrotoxicity and Urotoxicity in Rats(2024) Yıldız, Songül Çetik; Demir, Cemil; Cengiz, Mustafa; Irmak, Halit; Cengiz, Betül Peker; Ayhanci, AdnanTo evaluate kefir, a naturally occurring fermented dairy product, with pharmacological and therapeutic qualities including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity in rats. For this purpose, experimental rats were divided into 6 groups; control (Group 1), 150 mg/kg CP (Group 2), 5 mg/kg kefir (Group 3), l0 mg/kg kefir (Group 4), 5 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Group 5), l0 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Group 6). Since there was no difference in kefirs fermented on different days, kefirs from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days were mixed and given to the rats for 12 days, while CP was given as an only dose and i.p. on the 12th day of the experiment. Histologic evaluations revealed that CP caused toxicity in kidney and bladder. On the other hand, biochemical evaluations showed a significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) levels, which are tissue toxicity markers, and a significant decrease in catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, which are intracellular antioxidant system markers, in the CP-treated experimental group. However, all values were reversed as a result of kefir (5 and 10 mg/kg) treatment. These results showed that kefir is an effective protective agent against CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity.Öğe In Vitro Antitumor and Antioxidant Capacity as well as Ameliorative Effects of Fermented Kefir on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity on Cardiac and Hepatic Tissues in Rats(Mdpi, 2024) Yildiz, Songul Cetik; Demir, Cemil; Cengiz, Mustafa; Irmak, Halit; Cengiz, Betul Peker; Ayhanci, AdnanFermented prebiotic and probiotic products with kefir are very important to slow down and prevent the growth of tumors and to treat cancer by stimulating the immune response against tumor cells. Cyclophosphamide (CPx) is widely preferred in cancer treatment but its effectiveness in high doses is restricted because of its side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of kefir against CPx-induced heart and liver toxicity. In an experiment, 42 Wistar albino rats were divided into six treatment groups: the control (Group 1), the group receiving 150 mg/kg CPx (Group 2), the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir (Groups 3 and 4) and the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir + CPx (Group 5 and 6). Fermented kefirs obtained on different days by traditional methods were mixed and given by gavage for 12 days, while a single dose of CPx was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 12th day of the experiment. It was observed that alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and Troponin I values, which indicate oxidative stress, increased in the CPx-administered group, and this level approached that of the control in the CPx + kefir groups. Likewise, as a result of the kefir, the rats' CPx-induced histopathological symptoms were reduced, and their heart and liver tissue were significantly improved. In conclusion, it was observed that kefir had a cytoprotective effect against CPx-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, bringing their biochemical parameters closer to those of the control by suppressing oxidative stress and reducing tissue damage.Öğe Investigation into the protective effects of Hypericum Triquetrifolium Turra seed against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury in Sprague Dawley rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Can, Senanur; Yildiz, Songul Cetik; Keskin, Cumali; Sahinturk, Varol; Cengiz, Mustafa; Baskoy, Sila Appak; Ayhanci, AdnanFor centuries, Turkey has been a significant location here around 80 species of Hypericum with differing names widely occur, which is also known as Turkish folk medicine in treating some bacterial diseases as well as stomach and intestine inflammation. Recent studies have reported this herb family to contain numbers of bioactive compound contents. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (HT) upon oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat model in which testes injury was induced by CP. The testicular injury was caused using CP (150mg/kg). The rats were treated with a single dose (100mg/kg) of methanol extract of HT to investigate various biochemical markers in the serum and plasma of blood samples apart from assessing the prognosis of CP-induced testicular damage. Added to that, histological analyses were performed to identify possible structural changes and apoptotic indicators, like Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2. In CP Group, there was a rise in the levels of total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress index (OSI), Caspase-3, and Bax while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) all decreased. Also, our histological analysis showed damaged testes. On the other hand, neither biochemical nor histological analysis showed testicular damage in HT Alone Group. In CP+HT Group, a significant number of the negatives changes due to CP were observed to have improved remarkably following an HT treatment. This study results suggest that HT could help improve CP-induced testicular injury thanks to its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. [GRAPHICS] . HIGHLIGHTS The present study is the first of its kind in the sense that it investigated the effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (HT) on the testicular injury that is attributable to cyclophosphamide (CP), which is a drug used for chemotherapy. Confocal and light microscopic analyses revealed that HT reduced CP-related oxidative stress, apoptosis, and tissue damage in statistically significant amounts. The antioxidant properties of HT appear to account for the protective effects of HT upon experimentally induced tissue damage.Öğe Kekik Bitkisinin Temel Bileşeni Olan Karvakrolün Sıçanlarda Siklofosfamid Nedenli Üreme Sistemi Hasarı Üzerine Koruyucu Etkileri(2017) Cengiz, Mustafa; Tekin, Yasemin; İnal, Behcet; Ayhancı, AdnanSiklofosfamid (CP) klinikte kanser ve non-malignant hastalıkların tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan alkilleyici bir ilaçtır. Ancak CP kullanımı bir veya birden fazla dokuda sitotoksisiteye neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada CP (50 ve 100 mgkg-1) testis toksisitesi üzerine kekik bitkisinin temel bileşeni olan ve antioksidan özellikleri bilinen karvakrol (Car)'ün olası koruyucu etkilerini saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Sprague-Dawley cinsi 35 adet erkek sıçan her grupta 7 hayvan olacak şekilde 5 gruba ayrılmıştır. Histolojik ve biyokimyasal bulgulara göre, CP nedenli testis hasarının önlenmesinde Car anlamlı bir koruma sağladığı saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre elde edilen veriler, karvakrolün oldukça etkili bir antioksidan ve hücre koruyucu olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle Car, kemoterapi protokollerinde antikanser ilaçların yan etkilerinin azaltılmasında etkili bir aday olabilir.Öğe L-NAME as a Synthetic Antioxidant in Liver Injuries(Elsevier, 2018) Ayhancı, Adnan; Appak, Sıla; Cengiz, MustafaOxidative stress is attributable to a mismatch between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), as well as to the body’s antioxidant capacity to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or mend the ensuing damage. RNS, such as nitric oxide (NO), are synthetized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). NO is a reactive molecule that reacts with ROS, resulting in the occurrence of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). NO is infamous for causing oxidative injury in the liver in the case of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). NO, which can help protect the tissue, or conversely, injure it, depends upon such factors as abundance of ROS, the insult type, the cellular redox status of liver, as well as the source and quantity of NO. N?-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) is an NOS inhibitor used to decrease oxidative stress. In this chapter, possible effects of l-NAME on liver injury are discussed. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
