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    Determination of Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) of Cotton Cultivation in Turkey: A Case Study from Bismil District of Diyarbakir Province
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2021) Baran, Mehmet Firat; Gokdogan, Osman; Bayhan, Yilmaz
    In this study, the energy balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) of cotton cultivation in Bismil district of Diyarbakir province in Turkey was defined. The energy balance and GHG of cotton cultivation was computed by conducting face to face surveys with 73 farms in the 2018-2019 cultivation season, which were selected by simple random sampling method. The energy input and output in cotton cultivation were computed as 54 617.62 MJ ha(-1) and 65 984.42 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Energy inputs occurs of electricity energy with 18 608.40 MJ ha(-1) (34.06%), chemical fertilizers energy with 15 254.67 MJ ha(-1) (27.93%), diesel fuel energy with 14 364.68 (26.30%), irrigation water energy with 3 559.50 MJ ha(-1) (6.53%), machinery energy with 1 152.79 MJ ha(-1) (2.11%), chemicals energy with 1 075.76 MJ ha(-1) (1.96%), seed energy with 307.98 MJ ha(-1) (0.57%), human labour energy with 293.84 MJ ha(-1) (0.54%), respectively. Total energy inputs in cotton cultivation can be classified as 67.43% direct, 32.57% indirect, 7.62% renewable and 92.38% non-renewable. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy in cotton cultivation were computed as 1.21, 9.77 MJ kg(-1), 0.10 kg MJ(-1) and 11 366.80 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Total GHG emissions were computed as 6 482.36 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1) for cotton cultivation with the greatest input part for electricity with 47.94% (3 107.60 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)). The electricity followed up nitrogen with 16.29% (1 055.67 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), irrigation water with 14.82% (960.50 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), diesel fuel with 10.86% (704.08 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), seed with 3.07% (199.14 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), chemicals with 2.28% (147.76 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), phosphorous with 1.78% (115.64 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), human labour with 1.62% (104.94 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), machinery with 1.26% (81.85 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)) and potassium with 0.08% (5.18 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), respectively. Additionally, GHG ratio value was computed as 1.16 kgCO(2-eq)kg(-1) in cotton cultivation.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Determination of Energy Production Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Strawberry Production (The Case of Batman Province)
    (Springer, 2024) Baran, Mehmet Firat; Ruzgar, Muslum; Bayhan, Yilmaz
    The aim of this study was to determine energy use and greenhouse gas emission in strawberry production in Batman Province, Turkey, and its districts. The main material of the study was the data obtained from 189 strawberry producers in Batman province and its districts by survey method. The average strawberry yield in the research area was found to be 36,846.37 kg/ha. Total energy input in strawberry production was found to be 47,060.93 MJ/ha and energy output was found to be 70,008.10 MJ/ha. In strawberry production, energy use efficiency was 1.48, energy productivity was 0.78 kg/MJ, specific energy was 1.28 MJ/kg and net energy was 22,947.17 MJ/ha. The shares of direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energy sources were as 38.57%, 61.43%, 18.92% and 81.08%, respectively. Total greenhouse gas emission was determined as 3155.56 kgCO2eq ha-1 and greenhouse gas emission rate was determined as 0.086 kgCO2eqkg-1. It was concluded that fertilizer input had the highest share in strawberry input energy equivalents and greenhouse gas emissions. Since the energy use efficiency is higher than 1, it is possible to say that the inputs are used efficiently, but this ratio can be increased by using more efficient inputs.