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    Effect of Carvacrol on Biochemical and Behavioral Parameters in Acute Floride Administration
    (Wiley, 2023) Abbak, Nigar; Gul, Asli San Dagli; Gormus, Mustafa; Akkoyun, Hurrem Turan; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoglu; Arihan, Okan
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Effects of Subacute Carvacrol Administration on Behavioral and Oxidative Stress Parameters During NaF Exposure
    (Int Soc Fluoride Research, 2024) Abbak, Nigar; Dagli Gul, Asli San; Gormus, Mustafa; Akkoyun, Hurrem Turan; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoglu; Arihan, Okan
    Purpose: Fluoride is an element found in the earth's crust thatleachesinto drinking waterfrom sources where the rocks contain fluoride-rich minerals.Excessive fluoride exposure can lead to complications in various tissues and metabolism, particularly affectingdental and skeletal tissuesalongside others. This study aimedto examine the impact of carvacrol (CAR), one of the main active compounds in thyme, on behavior and oxidative stress in sodium fluoride (NaF)exposure.In the current study, the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM),and Barnes Maze testswere used to examine anxiety-like behaviors and spatial memory. Methods: Herein, 32 male Balb/C mice were divided into four groups:the Controlgroup, CARgroup:20 mg/kgCARintraperitoneally ( i.p.), NaF group: 50 ppm NaF (in tap water), and NaF+CAR group: 50 ppm NaF (in tap water) + CAR 20 mg/kg i.p. The treatments continued for 14 days. At the end of the protocol, the OFT, EPM test, and Barnes Maze test were conducted. Oxidative stress parameters[superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),malondialdehyde (MDA)]were examined in the brain, kidney, and liver tissues. Results: The oxidative stress data indicated significant changes caused by the NaF and CAR. In the liver and kidneys, the enzyme activity values of SOD and CAT decreased significantly in the NaF group compared to the control and CAR groups, while in the brain, the CAT enzyme activity significantly decreased in the NaF group compared to control and CAR groups (p<0.05). Moreover, the levels of MDA, an importantmarker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly higher in the liver and brain tissues of the NaF group compared to the control group (p<0.05).The behavioral study results indicated no significant difference in the EPMtest but showed an increase in the number of rearingbehaviorsin the NaF group compared to the NaF+CAR group in the OFT, and a decrease in the grooming time in the NaF group compared to the CAR group (p<0.05). Conclusions: In the brain, kidney, and liver tissues, NaF exerted oxidative stress,as seen via the examined parameters (CAT, MDA, and SOD), while the CAR seemed to have an ameliorative effect against NaF-induced oxidative stress. The administration of NaF did not induce significant anxiety;on the contrary,the concomitant administration of NaF and CAR causedincreased anxiety-like behaviors compared tothe lone NaF exposure.
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    PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ASTAXANTHIN AGAINST ALUMINUM INDUCED LIVER OXIDATIVE DAMAGE
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Akkoyun, H. Turan; Bengu, Aydin Sukru; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoglu; Ulucan, Aykut; Arihan, Okan
    In this study, protective effect of a potent antioxidant astaxanthine on preventing rat liver damage due to Al exposure was evaluated. In experimental design, 20 Wistar-albino rats were divided into four groups as Control, Aluminum (20 mg/kg/day i.p), Al + Astaxanthine (5 mg/kg/day AST orally, Al 20 mg/kg/day i.p) and AST (5 mg/kg/day). Study was conducted for 14 days. GSH was found significantly low in Al group compared to control and significantly high in AST and AST + Al administered groups compared to Al group(p<0.01). When MDA levels were investigated, an increase in Al administered group compared to control (p<0.01) and a decrease in Al + AST group compared to Al administered group (p<0.001) was found. In CAT enzyme activity level, a significant decrease in Al, AST and Al + AST administered groups compared to control (p<0.001), an increase in AST, Al + AST groups compared to Al administered group (p<0.001) and also an increase in CAT enzyme activity level in AST+Al administered group compared to AST group (p<0.001) was determined. Due to alterations in MDA and GSH levels and CAT enzyme activity in rat liver tissue as well as positive effects of AST in liver tissue histopathological assessments, it was concluded that AST has a protective role against such toxic molecules.
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    PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ELLAGIC ACID AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4) - INDUCED OXIDATIVE BRAIN INJURY IN RATS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Akkoyun, H. Turan; Bengu, Aydin Sukru; Ulucan, Aykut; Bayramoglu-Akkoyun, Mahire; Arihan, Okan
    In this study, it was aimed to investigate protective effects of Ellagic acid in rats which have brain damage formed with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). 28 male Wistar albino rats were separated into 4 groups as Control, CCl4., Ellagic acid and CCl4+ Ellagic acid. From the brain tissue homogenate malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthation peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) levels were measured and routine histopathological investigation was performed. An increase in MDA level (p<0.01) whereas a decrease in CAT, GSH-Px, SOD (p<0.01) and GSH (p<0.05) levels in CCl4 administered group compared to control was observed. In our study, in the control and Ellagic acid administered groups, no microscopic findings were observed in the brain, while severe lesions were seen in the CCl4 administered group and only mild congestion lesions were seen in the CCl4 + Ellagic acid group. Results of this study suggest a protection by ellagic acid against CCl4 induced brain damage. This protection is possibly via induction of antioxidant protective mechanism which is shown both by biochemical and histopathological methods.
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    Theophylline attenuates bleomycin-induced oxidative stress in rats: The role of IL-6, NF-KB, and antioxidant enzymes
    (Univ Sao Paulo, Conjunto Quimicas, 2022) Ekin, Suat; Yildirim, Serkan; Akkoyun, Mahire Bayramoglu; Gok, Hasya Nazli; Arihan, Okan; Oto, Gokhan; Akkoyun, Turan
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifibrotic and antioxidant roles of theophylline (Theo), a bioactive compound, in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Wistar albino rats. Assigned into 4 groups were 32 Wistar albino rats, comprising the control group (administered 0.9% isotonic saline), BLM group (treated with BLM at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg), BLM+Theo group (treated with Theo at a dose of 75 mg/kg + BLM at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg), and Theo group (treated with Theo at a dose of 75 mg/kg). In the BLM group, a significant decrease was observed in the catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.001) were significantly elevated when compared to the control group. However, the MDA levels in the BLM+Theo group were also significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.01). Similarly, the GSH levels were significantly higher in the BLM+Theo group than in the BLM group (p < 0.05). The results indicated that Theo reduced the BLM-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B) and decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, together with significant amelioration of the immunohistochemical and histopathological architecture in the lung tissues. It was concluded that the administration of Theo had a positive effect on the GSH level, and activation of NF-kappa B and IL-6 expression, which were significant proinflammatory markers in the BLM-treated rats.