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Öğe Deterministic-Stochastic modeling: A new direction in modeling real world problems with crossover effect(Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2022) Atangana, Abdon; Araz, Seda IgretMany real world problems depict processes following crossover behaviours. Modelling processes following crossover behaviors have been a great challenge to mankind. Indeed real world problems following crossover from Markovian to randomness processes have been observed in many scenarios, for example in epidemiology with spread of infectious diseases and even some chaos. Deterministic and stochastic methods have been developed independently to develop the future state of the system and randomness respectively. Very recently, Atangana and Seda introduced a new concept called piecewise differentiation and integration, this approach helps to capture processes with crossover effects. In this paper, an example of piecewise modelling is presented with illustration to chaos problems. Some important analysis including a piecewise existence and uniqueness and piecewise numerical scheme are presented. Numerical simulations are performed for different cases.Öğe The effect of Some Boron Derivatives on Kanamycin Resistance and Survival of E. coli and P. aeruginosa in Lake Water(Chinese Center Disease Control & Prevention, 2012) Darcan, Cihan; Kahyaoglu, MustafaObjective To study MIC value of 7 boron derivatives namely [Boric acid (H3BO3), Anhydrous Borax (Na2B4O7), Sodium Borate (NaBO2), Diammonium Tetraborate (NH4)(2)B4O7, Sodium Perborate (NaBO3), Boron Trioxide (B2O3), Potassium Tetraborate (K2B4O7)] on E. coli and P. aeruginosa and their effects on survival of bacteria in lake water and resistance against kanamycin antibiotic. Methods MIC values of Boron derivatives and antibiotic were studied by broth microdilution method. The effect of boron derivatives on survival of bacteria in lake water were also determined with plate count. Results Sodium perborate was determined as the most effective substance among the studied substances. Effectiveness increased as temperature increased. E. coli was more affected from P. aeruginosa in 8 mg/mL sodium perborate concentration in lake water. Moreover, it was determined that MIC value of kanamycin antibiotic decreased 200 times by especially treating P. aeruginosa with sodium perborate in lake water. However, it can be stated that this change in resistance did not arise from microorganisms. Conclusion Sodium perborate solution can be used supportedly in kanamycin antibiotic applications for P. aeruginosa. Future studies are necessary to explore the relation between sodium perborate and kanamycin which is effective on P. aeruginosa in lake water.Öğe Piecewise derivatives versus short memory concept: analysis and application(Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2022) Atangana, Abdon; Araz, Seda İğretWe have provided a detailed analysis to show the fundamental difference between the concept of short memory and piecewise differential and integral operators. While the concept of short memory leads to different long tails in different intervals of time or space as a result of a power law with different fractional orders, the concept of piecewise helps to depict crossover behaviors of different patterns. We presented some examples with different numerical simulations. In some cases piecewise models led to transitional behavior from deterministic to stochastic, this is indeed the reason why this concept was introduced.Öğe Rhythmic behaviors of the human heart with piecewise derivative(Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2022) Atangana, Abdon; Igret Araz, SedaIt has been noticed that heartbeats can display different patterns according to situations faced by a human. It has been indicated that, those passages from one pattern to another cannot be modelled using a single differential operator, either classical, fractional, or stochastic. In 2021, alternative concepts were introduced and called piecewise differentiation and integration, these concepts were applied in several complex problems with great insight. It is strongly believed that such will be leading concepts to modelling real-world problems with crossover behaviors. Crossover behaviors have been observed in heart rhythm, therefore, in this paper, the well-known van Der Pol equation will be subjected to piecewise analysis. Several simulations will be obtained using a numerical scheme based on Newton polynomial interpolation. Obtained figures show real world behaviors of heart rhythm with piecewise patterns.Öğe Synthesis, biological evaluation of antioxidant-antibacterial activities and computational studies of novel anthracene- and pyrene-based Schiff base derivatives(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Gumus, Aysegul; Okumus, Veysi; Gumus, SelcukSchiff base derivatives with anthracene- and pyrene-based units, Al-A6 and P1-P6 were synthesized (89%-99% yields). Schiff base derivatives were designed to possess an heterocyclic moiety on one side to enhance the coordination ability towards metals. To investigate the biological assay of the newly synthesized compounds, their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, metal chelating, reducing power, antibacterial and DNA binding activities were tested. A6 (63.1%) showed the maximum free radical scavenging activity among all. However, compound P3 at concentration of 200 mu g/mL possessed the highest metal chelating (45.8%) activity and power of reduction. In addition, P3 and A6 showed antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested and both compounds were very well bound to CT-DNA. Density functional theory method with B3LYP/6-311++ G(d,p) basis set was performed to get information about the structural and electronic properties of the present compounds. In addition, the metal coordination properties of the dimers of the parent Schiff bases were investigated through interactions with Zn2+.Öğe Potential antidiabetic activity of benzimidazole derivative albendazole and lansoprazole drugs in different doses in experimental type 2 diabetic rats(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Dik, Burak; Coskun, Devran; Bahcivan, Emre; Uney, KamilAim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of albendazole and lansoprazole, which were benzimidazole derivatives, on endocrinologic and biochemical parameters in experimental type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Materials and methods: In this study, 46 male Wistar Albino rats were used. Animals were divided as healthy control (0.1 mL/rat/day saline, s.c, n = 6), diabetes control (0.1 mL/rat/day saline, s.c, n = 8), diabetes+low-dose albendazole (5 mg/kg, oral, n = 8), diabetes+high-dose albendazole (10 mg/kg, oral n = 8), diabetes+low-dose lansoprazole (15 mg/kg, subcutaneous, n = 8), and diabetes+high-dose lansoprazole (30 mg/kg, subcutaneous, n = 8). All groups were treated for 8 weeks. The blood samples were analyzed by autoanalyzer and ELISA kits for biochemical and endocrinological parameters, respectively. Results: Glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, low density cholesterol (LDL), leptin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels increased and insulin and HOMA-beta levels decreased in the diabetic rats compared to the healthy control group. The glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels were partially decreased; however, insulin and HOMA-beta levels were increased by low-dose albendazole therapy. The high dose of lansoprazole treatment increased insulin level. Conclusion: The lansoprazole and albendazole treatments can be a potential drug or combined with antidiabetic drugs in T2D treatment by Adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), incretin-like effect and other antidiabetic mechanisms. It may be beneficial to create an effective treatment strategy by developing more specific substances with benzimidazole scaffold.Öğe Factors affecting anxiety, depression, and self-care ability in patients who have undergone liver transplantation(Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 2021) Akbulut, Sami; Ozer, Ali; Saritas, Hasan; Yilmaz, SezaiBACKGROUND Depression, anxiety, and altered self-care ability are among the most important factors affecting the quality of life of liver transplant recipients. Depending on the severity of the underlying liver disease, signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression may become more pronounced. AIM To evaluate the factors affecting depression, anxiety and self-care abilities of liver transplant recipients. METHODS Recipients who are >= 18 years and who underwent liver transplantation at Inonu University Liver Transplantation Institute were included in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sample size analysis showed that the minimum number of recipients should be 301 (confidence level = 95%, confidence interval = 2.5, population = 1382). Three hundred and twenty recipients were interviewed and 316 recipients that have answered the questionnaires accurately were analyzed. The dependent variables were the Beck Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale (Form I and II), and Self-Care Agency Scale. The independent variables of the study were sociodemographic characteristics, biliary complications, hepatocellular carcinoma, recommending liver transplantation to other patients, and the interval of out-patient clinic visits. RESULTS Self-care ability scores were lower (P = 0.002) and anxiety scores were higher (P = 0.004) in recipients with biliary complications. On the other hand, in recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma, self-care scores were lower (P = 0.006) while depression (P = 0.003) and anxiety scores (P = 0.009) were higher. Liver transplantation recipients with a monthly income < 3000 Turkish liras had higher depression (P < 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.003) scores. The recipients who stated that they would not recommend liver transplantation to others had lower self-care scores (P = 0.002), higher depression (P < 0.001), higher state anxiety (P = 0.02), and trait anxiety (P < 0.001) scores. CONCLUSION Presence of biliary complications and hepatocellular carcinoma, low income level, and an obligation for monthly visits to the outpatient clinic are factors that are found to affect self-care capability, depression, and anxiety.Öğe Feline Hemotropic Mycoplasma Species of Apparently Healthy Domestic Cats in Konya Province of Türkiye(Mdpi, 2024) Ceylan, Ceylan; Culha, Muhammed Hudai; Sonmez, Gonca; Selcuk, Muhammed Ahmed; Ider, Merve; Evci, Ayse; Yilmaz, SuleFeline hemotropic mycoplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease in domestic cats caused by a group of hemotropic Mycoplasma species, including three main species: Mycoplasma hemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma hemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt). The primary objective of this investigation was to ascertain the molecular prevalence and characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic cats from twenty-three districts of Konya province in T & uuml;rkiye. For this purpose, 384 apparently healthy cats belonging to different breeds were enrolled in this study. The molecular prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. in cats was 9.4%, and the identified species included Mhf, Mycoplasma hemocanis (Mhc), CMt, and CMhm. The molecular prevalence was not significantly associated with district, breed, or gender (p > 0.05) but was significantly associated with age and ownership status (p < 0.05). The study found that all cats with Mycoplasma spp. were older than one year and that the infection had a higher prevalence in stray cats than in owned cats (p < 0.05). Although there are studies conducted in different provinces, data on the molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the species causing feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis are scarce in T & uuml;rkiye. This study, which provides updated data concerning the molecular characterization and phylogeny of hemotropic Mycoplasma species of cats in T & uuml;rkiye, revealed the Mycoplasma spp. molecular prevalence in Konya province for the first time and provided remarkable findings that will fill the scientific gap in the country. The molecular characterization of these hemotropic mycoplasmas is crucial for understanding their epidemiology and developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis. It is anticipated that the data from the study will raise awareness among pet owners, veterinarians, and healthcare professionals of feline hemotropic Mycoplasma agents with zoonotic potential.Öğe Effects of Temperature on the Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Residues, and Withdrawal Times of Doxycycline in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following Oral Administration(Mdpi, 2023) Corum, Orhan; Uney, Kamil; Terzi, Ertugrul; Corum, Duygu Durna; Coskun, Devran; Altan, Feray; Elmas, MuammerSimple Summary Doxycycline, an approved aquacultural antibiotic, is extensively used in the treatment of bacterial diseases in fish. Since fish are poikilothermic organisms, their body temperature and metabolic rate are primarily influenced by the temperature of the water. Therefore, temperature may be affected by pharmacokinetic behavior and withdrawal times of drugs. The current study was undertaken to look at the differences in pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline following oral administration in rainbow trout reared at 10 and 17 & DEG;C. The increment of water temperature from 10 to 17 & DEG;C decreased the elimination half-life, the body clearance, and the distribution volume of doxycycline and increased plasma concentrations. The withdrawal times for plasma and tissues decreased with the temperature increase. The results contributed to the determination of an optimal dosing regimen and the safe consumption of edible tissues in rainbow trout that were administered doxycycline and reared at different temperatures. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, tissue residues, and withdrawal times of doxycycline after oral administration in rainbow trout reared at 10 and 17 & DEG;C. Fish received a 20 mg/kg oral dose of doxycycline after a single or 5-day administration. Six rainbow trout were used at each sampling time point for plasma and tissue samples, including liver, kidney, and muscle and skin. The doxycycline concentration in the samples was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The pharmacokinetic data were evaluated by non-compartmental kinetic analysis. The WT 1.4 software program was used to estimate the withdrawal times. The increase of temperature from 10 to 17 & DEG;C shortened the elimination half-life from 41.72 to 28.87 h, increased the area under the concentration-time curve from 173.23 to 240.96 h * & mu;g/mL, and increased the peak plasma concentration from 3.48 to 5.50 & mu;g/mL. At 10 and 17 & DEG;C, the doxycycline concentration was obtained in liver > kidney > plasma > muscle and skin. According to the MRL values stated for muscle and skin in Europe and China (100 & mu;g/kg) and in Japan (50 & mu;g/kg), the withdrawal times of doxycycline at 10 and 17 & DEG;C were 35 and 31 days, respectively, for Europe and China and 43 and 35 days, respectively, for Japan. Since temperature significantly affected pharmacokinetic behavior and withdrawal times of doxycycline in rainbow trout, temperature-dependent dosing regimens and withdrawal times of doxycycline might be necessary.Öğe Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Anxiety Levels among Hospital Cleaning Staff and Caregivers during COVID-19 Pandemic(Mdpi, 2022) Akbulut, Sami; Gokce, Ayse; Boz, Gulseda; Saritas, Hasan; Unsal, Selver; Ozer, Ali; Akbulut, Mehmet SerdarIt is important to vaccinate individuals working in the field of health who are more at risk compared to society during the pandemic period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaccine hesitancy and anxiety levels of hospital cleaning staff and caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive type cross-sectional study was conducted with 460 hospital cleaning staff and caregivers. Demographic and social characteristics form, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) adapted to the pandemic were used in the questionnaire form used to collect the data of the study. It was determined that the rates of hesitation against the COVID-19 vaccine and childhood vaccine were 42.2% (n = 194) and 10.9% (n = 50), respectively. Less than half of the participants (44.6%) believe that the COVID-19 vaccine is protective. COVID-19 anxiety (CAS score >= 9 point) was detected in 19.6% of participants and statistically significant differences were found between patients with (n = 90) and without (n = 370) anxiety regarding gender (p < 0.001), working unit (p = 0.002), vaccination status (p = 0.023) and history of psychological disease (p = 0.023). It has been shown that the VHS-total scores of those who are not vaccinated, those who are hesitant about vaccination, those who do not think that the vaccine is protective, and those who state that there is no need for a legal obligation in vaccination are higher. When participants were asked about the most anxious situation during the COVID-19 period, the highest response rate was 62.4% for my parents' exposure to COVID-19. The most anxious situation among participants is their parents' exposure to COVID-19. Although participants are highly vaccinated, they have serious hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine. This study also showed that there was a parallel relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and vaccine hesitancy.Öğe An Intelligent Platform for Software Component Mining and Retrieval(Mdpi, 2023) Bibi, Nazia; Rana, Tauseef; Maqbool, Ayesha; Afzal, Farkhanda; Akguel, Ali; De la sen, ManuelThe development of robotic applications necessitates the availability of useful, adaptable, and accessible programming frameworks. Robotic, IoT, and sensor-based systems open up new possibilities for the development of innovative applications, taking advantage of existing and new technologies. Despite much progress, the development of these applications remains a complex, time-consuming, and demanding activity. Development of these applications requires wide utilization of software components. In this paper, we propose a platform that efficiently searches and recommends code components for reuse. To locate and rank the source code snippets, our approach uses a machine learning approach to train the schema. Our platform uses trained schema to rank code snippets in the top k results. This platform facilitates the process of reuse by recommending suitable components for a given query. The platform provides a user-friendly interface where developers can enter queries (specifications) for code search. The evaluation shows that our platform effectively ranks the source code snippets and outperforms existing baselines. A survey is also conducted to affirm the viability of the proposed methodology.Öğe Optimization of Flexural Performance of PETG Samples Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication with Response Surface Method(Mdpi, 2024) Tuncel, Oguz; Kahya, Caglar; Tufekci, KenanAdditive manufacturing (AM), particularly fused filament fabrication (FFF), has gained significant attention for its design flexibility and cost-effectiveness. This study focuses on optimizing FFF parameters that employ response surface methodology (RSM) to enhance the flexural performance of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) parts. Three essential parameters-layer height, print speed, and nozzle temperature-were varied, and their effects on flexural strength, flexural modulus, flexural toughness for ultimate strength, flexural toughness at 5% strain, and strain at ultimate strength were evaluated. Based on a Box-Behnken design, the experiments revealed significant effects of these parameters on the mechanical responses. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that layer height predominantly affects flexural modulus and toughness, while nozzle temperature significantly impacts flexural strength. The RSM models exhibited high accuracy, with R2 values exceeding 99%. Optimal parameter combinations yield remarkable improvements: flexural strength reached 39.55 MPa, flexural modulus peaked at 1344.60 MPa, flexural toughness for ultimate strength reached 218.22 J/mm3, flexural toughness at 5% strain reached 381.47 J/mm3, and strain at ultimate strength reached 3.50%. Validation experiments confirm the effectiveness of the optimization, with errors below 3.17%.Öğe Sex Differences in Athletic Performance Response to the Imagery and Mental Toughness of Elite Middle- and Long-Distance Runners(Mdpi, 2024) Yarayan, Yunus Emre; Solmaz, Serdar; Aslan, Mehdi; Batrakoulis, Alexios; Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Keskin, KadirThis study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between the levels of imagery and mental toughness in the context of sports performance in male and female athletes. A total of 344 track and field athletes, 205 male (59.6%, 23.3 +/- 4.0 years) and 139 female (40.4%, 22.9 +/- 4.0 years), voluntarily participated in the study. Imagery Inventory and Mental Toughness Inventory in Sport were used as data collection tools in the study. In the evaluation of athletic performance, athletes were asked about their ranks in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 and were categorized according to the scoring tables specified by the International Association of Athletics Federation. A MANOVA analysis was used to determine whether there was a difference between low (-2% to +5%), medium (+6 to +11%), and high (+12 to +17%) performers among male and female athletes, and a post hoc analysis was used to determine the source of the difference. According to the present findings, there was no significant difference between the imagery and mental toughness levels of athletes with high, medium, and low performance among male athletes. On the contrary, a significant difference was detected between the imagery and mental toughness levels of female athletes with medium and high performances, showing that athletes in the high-performance range had higher levels of imagery (Eta2 = 8) and mental toughness (Eta2 = 10) than athletes in the medium- and low-performance ranges. The findings of this study show that imagery and emotional intelligence are important factors for sports performance. In this context, coaches and sports psychologists can include these parameters in their training programs to achieve the optimal performance range.Öğe Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinergic, and Antiglaucoma Effects of Magnofluorine(Mdpi, 2022) Durmaz, Lokman; Kiziltas, Hatice; Guven, Leyla; Karagecili, Hasan; Alwasel, Saleh; Gulcin, IlhamiMagnofluorine, a secondary metabolite commonly found in various plants, has pharmacological potential; however, its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition effects have not been investigated. We investigated the antioxidant potential of Magnofluorine using bioanalytical assays with 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(center dot+)), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD center dot+), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH center dot) scavenging abilities and K-3[Fe(CN)(6)] and Cu2+ reduction abilities. Further, we compared the effects of Magnofluorine and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), alpha-Tocopherol, and Trolox as positive antioxidant controls. According to the analysis results, Magnofluorine removed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with an IC50 value of 10.58 mu g/mL. The IC50 values of BHA, BHT, Trolox, and alpha-Tocopherol were 10.10 mu g/mL, 25.95 mu g/mL, 7.059 mu g/mL, and 11.31 mu g/mL, respectively. Our results indicated that the DPPH center dot scavenging effect of Magnofluorine was similar to that of BHA, close to that of Trolox, and better than that of BHT and alpha-tocopherol. The inhibition effect of Magnofluorine was examined against enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha-glycosidase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), which are linked to global disorders, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and glaucoma. Magnofluorine inhibited these metabolic enzymes with Ki values of 10.251.94, 5.991.79, 25.411.10, and 30.563.36 nM, respectively. Thus, Magnofluorine, which has been proven to be an antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic in our study, can treat glaucoma. In addition, molecular docking was performed to understand the interactions between Magnofluorine and target enzymes BChE (D: 6T9P), hCA II (A:3HS4), AChE (B:4EY7), and alpha-glycosidase (C:5NN8). The results suggest that Magnofluorine may be an important compound in the transition from natural sources to industrial applications, especially new drugs.Öğe Determining the Levels of Cortisol, Testosterone, Lactic Acid and Anaerobic Performance in Athletes Using Various Forms of Coffee(Mdpi, 2024) Gur, Melda; Cinar, Vedat; Akbulut, Taner; Bozbay, Kenan; Yucedal, Polat; Aslan, Mehdi; Avcu, GokceBackground: Coffee is considered one of the most preferred and consumed beverage types in the world, and caffeine is known to increase physical performance due to its ergogenic properties. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of coffee consumption in different forms on cortisol, testosterone, lactic acid and anaerobic performance levels. Methods: A total of 15 licensed male football players participated in the research voluntarily. The research was implemented in a single-blind, counterbalanced, randomized and crossover study design. Participants were given caffeinated coffee (CK), decaffeinated coffee (placebo) (DK), powdered caffeine (in a gelatin capsule) (PC) and powdered placebo (maltodextrin in a capsule) (PM) on different days, and the Wingate test protocol was performed after the warm-up protocol. Blood samples were collected post-test. Cortisol, testosterone and lactic acid levels in the serum samples taken were determined by the ELISA method. Results: As a result, it was revealed that caffeinated coffee given to participants who exercise increased anaerobic power. However, it was observed that lactic acid levels were higher in placebo and decaffeinated coffee. The highest level of cortisol was found in caffeinated coffee and powdered caffeine compared to the placebo. Testosterone values were observed to be highest in caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee compared to a placebo. Conclusions: The study suggests that the type of caffeine is a factor that affects absorption rate, which impacts performance and hormone levels.Öğe In Silico Evaluation of the Haplotype Diversity, Phylogenetic Variation and Population Structure of Human E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1 Genotype) Sequences(Mdpi, 2022) Selcuk, Muhammed Ahmed; Celik, Figen; Kesik, Harun Kaya; Kilinc, Seyma Gunyakti; Ahmed, Haroon; Jiang, Nan; Simsek, SamiEchinococcus granulosus sensu lato is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is a neglected zoonotic disease with an important role in human morbidity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the haplotype diversity, genetic variation, population structure and phylogeny of human E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (G1 genotype) isolates submitted to GenBank from different parts of the world by sequencing the mitochondrial CO1 and ND1 genes. The sequences of the mt-CO1 (401 bp; n = 133) and mt-ND1 (407 bp; n = 140) genes were used to analyze the haplotype, polymorphism and phylogenetic of 273 E. granulosus s.s. (G1 genotype) isolates. Mutations were observed at 31 different points in the mt-CO1 gene sequences and at 100 different points in the mt-ND1 gene sequences. Furthermore, 34 haplotypes of the mt-CO1 sequences and 37 haplotypes of the mt-ND1 sequences were identified. Tajima's D, Fu's Fs, and Fu's LD values showed high negative values in both mt-CO1 and mt-ND1 gene fragments. The haplotype diversities in the sequences retrieved from GenBank in this study indicate that the genetic variation in human isolates of E. granulosus s.s. in western countries is higher than in eastern countries. This may be due to demographic expansions due to animal trades and natural selections.Öğe Impact of Different Fertilizer Sources under Supplemental Irrigation and Rainfed Conditions on Eco-Physiological Responses and Yield Characteristics of Dragon's Head (Lallemantia iberica)(Mdpi, 2023) Heydarzadeh, Saeid; Arena, Carmen; Vitale, Ermenegilda; Rahimi, Amir; Mirzapour, Mohsen; Nasar, Jamal; Kisaka, OscarThe effects of the irrigation regime and different fertilizer sources on the eco-physiological responses and yield characteristics of dragon's head were explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in the 2019 growing season. The treatments included six different fertilizer sources (animal manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and control) and two irrigation regimes (rainfed and supplemental irrigation). The results indicated the positive effects of supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manure by increasing the absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) and improving relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and the fixed oil percentage of dragon's head. The activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased in the rainfed plants, whereas organic fertilizer application increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. The highest grain yield (721 kg ha(-1)), biological yield (5858 kg ha(-1)), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g(-1) DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g(-1) DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha(-1)), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha(-1)) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation. Therefore, it is recommended that organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and poultry manure be used to substitute chemical fertilizers. These practices can help popularize organic crops using rainfed and supplementary irrigation.Öğe Computational Analysis of the Morphological Aspects of Triadic Hybridized Magnetic Nanoparticles Suspended in Liquid Streamed in Coaxially Swirled Disks(Mdpi, 2022) Qureshi, Zubair Akbar; Bilal, Sardar; Shah, Imtiaz Ali; Akguel, Ali; Jarrar, Rabab; Shanak, Hussein; Asad, JihadCurrently, pagination clearly explains the increase in the thermophysical attributes of viscous hybrid nanofluid flow by varying morphological aspects of inducted triadic magnetic nanoparticles between two coaxially rotating disks. Copper metallic nanoparticles are inserted with three different types of metallic oxide nanoparticles: Al2O3, Ti2O, and Fe3O4. Single-phase simulation has been designed for the triadic hybrid nanofluids flow. The achieved expressions are transmuted by the obliging transformation technique because of dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Runge-Kutta in collaboration with shooting procedure are implemented to achieve the solution of ODEs. The consequences of pertinent variables on associated distributions and related quantities of physical interest are elaborated in detail. It is inferred from the analysis that Cu-Al2O3 metallic type hybrid nanofluids flow shows significant results as compared with the other hybrid nanoparticles. The injection phenomenon on hybrid nanofluids gives remarkable results regarding shear stress and heat flux with the induction of hybridized metallic nanoparticles. Shape and size factors have also been applied to physical quantities. The morphology of any hybrid nanoparticles is directly proportional to the thermal conductance of nanofluids. Peclet number has a significant effect on the temperature profile.Öğe Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Berdav Propolis Using LC-MS/MS: Determination of Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, Antiglaucoma, and Antidiabetic Effects(Mdpi, 2023) Karagecili, Hasan; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Erturk, Adem; Kiziltas, Hatice; Guven, Leyla; Alwasel, Saleh H.; Gulcin, IlhamiPropolis is a complex natural compound that honeybees obtain from plants and contributes to hive safety. It is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which contain antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of propolis were investigated; ABTS(center dot+), DPPH center dot and DMPD center dot+ were prepared using radical scavenging antioxidant methods. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of propolis were 53 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 170.164 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. The ferric ion (Fe3+) reduction, CUPRAC and FRAP reduction capacities were also studied. The antioxidant and reducing capacities of propolis were compared with those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and Trolox reference standards. The half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values of propolis for ABTS(center dot+), DPPH center dot and DMPD center dot+ scavenging activities were found to be 8.15, 20.55 and 86.64 mu g/mL, respectively. Propolis extract demonstrated IC50 values of 3.7, 3.4 and 19.6 mu g/mL against alpha-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzyme, respectively. These enzymes' inhibition was associated with diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glaucoma. The reducing power, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition capacity of propolis extract were comparable to those demonstrated by the standards. Twenty-eight phenolic compounds, including acacetin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, naringenin, chrysin, quinic acid, quercetin, and ferulic acid, were determined by LC-MS/MS to be major organic compounds in propolis. The polyphenolic antioxidant-rich content of the ethanol extract of propolis appears to be a natural product that can be used in the treatment of diabetes, AD, glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancerous diseases.Öğe Effects of Thymus vulgaris Oil on Sodium Hypochlorite-Induced Damage in Rats(Mdpi, 2023) Bolatli, Guenes; Tas, Fatih; Alayunt, Naci OmerWe aimed to determine the potential damage mechanisms of exposure to widely used sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the effects of Thymus vulgaris on this exposure. Rats were divided into six groups: control, T. vulgaris, 4% NaOCl, 4% NaOCl + T. vulgaris, 15% NaOCl, and 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. Serum and lung tissue samples were taken after applying NaOCl and T. vulgaris by inhalation twice a day for 30 min for four weeks. The samples were examined biochemically (TAS/TOS), histopathologically, and immunohistochemically (TNF-alpha). In serum TOS values, the mean of 15% NaOCl was significantly higher than in 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. This was the opposite in terms of serum TAS values. Histopathologically, there was a significant increase in lung injury in 15% NaOCl; significant improvement was observed in 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. Immunohistochemically, there was a significant increase in TNF-alpha expression in both 4% NaOCl and 15% NaOCl; significant decreases were observed in both 4% NaOCl + T. vulgaris and 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. The use of sodium hypochlorite, which is harmful to the lungs and is widely used in homes and industries, should be limited. In addition, using T. vulgaris essential oil by inhalation may protect against the harmful effects of sodium hypochlorite.
