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Öğe A preliminary list of butterflies (lepidoptera, rhopalocera) from Duhok (Northern Iraq)(Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 30.12.2018) Said, Naji Taha; Çiftçi, Mustafa Cemal; Seven, ErdemThe present study is conducted on the butterfly species of Duhok Province in northern Iraq. In this context, 1279 specimens are collected and evaluated on the faunistic standpoint. In total, 49 species are recorded belonging to the families; Papilionidae (4), Pieridae (9), Libytheidae (1), Nymphalidae (7), Satyridae (10), Lycaenidae (11) and Hesperiidae (7). For each butterfly species, examined materials and collecting localities are mentioned. This is the first notable study on butterflies of Duhok.Öğe İklimsel Değişikliklerin Siirt İlinde Fıstık (Pistacia Vera L.) Üretimi Üzerine Etkisi.(ISPEC Uluslararası Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi, 2019-06-10) AYDIN, Mehmet HadiDue to its specific climatic requirements of pistachio can be cultivated in specific regions across the world. Iran is the world’s largest pistachio producer followed by the United States of America and Turkey. Pistachio production in Turkey is mostly carried out in the South-Eastern Anatolia region of the country. The total number of Pistachio trees in Turkey are 59.762.816 million and production is 170.000 tons. 10 % of Turkey's pistachio tree and 8,5 % of production are in Siirt province. After the Southeastern Anatolia Plain, Siirt region is rising and the eastern and northern sections receive plenty of rainfall. For this reason, the South Mountains of Muş from the north and the provincial area surrounded by the Eastern Mountains of Siirt in the east constitute one of the important water collection areas of the Tigris River. The entire territory of the province is included in the Tigris Basin.The basin is the fourth largest water collection area in the country after the Euphrates, Kızılırmak and Sakarya Basins. The most important water resources of the region are Botan, Resinan, Garzan, Kezer and Başur. Large water collection areas, such as the Ilisu dam, which is under construction on these water sources, will have significant impacts on the ecology of the region. Pistachio, is the most important economic product grown in the region of Siirt. It is thought that Pistachio cultivation will be affected by this ecological change. It is possible that Pistachio cannot meet the need for coldening as a result of the increase in the relative humidity of the weather in the spring and summer periods, inadequate fertilization during pollination periods with moist air or diseases like septoria are likely to cause epidemics. As a result, in this study, the possible effects of climatic changes in Siirt region on Pistachio growing are emphasized.Öğe Çiçek Soğanlı Bitkilerden İzole Edilmiş Fusarium oxysporum İzolatlarına Karşı Gliocladium roseum'un Etkinliği.(EJONS VI. uluslararası Matematik, Mühendislik, Fen ve Sağlık Bilimleri Kongresi., 2019-03-08) AYDIN, Mehmet HadiThe development and conservation of bulbs ornamental plants is important for both flora and economic activities. One of the most important plants is Tulip (Tulipa L.). Many of these plants are threatened by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, which a soil and tuber fungus. It is difficult to control after pathogen contaminate to tubers and plants. However, it is necessary to evaluate all methods of control, including biological control. Today, many biological control agents are used to control plant disease. Among these, Gliocladium spp.de is considered important. Gliocladium roseum is a filamentous fungus commonly found in soil and rotting plant residues. In general it is considered a saprophyte and produces various antibiotic substances, other fungi parasites, also stimulate plant growth. This study was carried out to determine the antagonist effect of Gliocladium roseum against Fusarium oxysporum in laboratory conditions. Fusarium oxysporum and Gliocladium roseum (Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3) isolates used in this study were obtained from tubers, plant roots and the soil. After the pathogenicity, three isolates of the Fusarium oxysporum were selected (Fo1, Fo2 and Fo3). The experiment was carried out in petri dishes containing a PDA (Potato dextrose agar) with 9 cm diameter. the pathogen and antagonist cultures developed for one week then Discs of 5 mm diameter were removed and left in the PDA medium by keeping them mutual and same distance. The growth diameters of antagonists and pathogens were measured after developing for 10 days at 22 ± 24 ° C in the incubator and the inhibition rate was calculated acording to this formula, (RI) = (R1-R2) x 100 / R1 (RI: inhibition ratio, R1: Growth radius of the pathogen, R2: It was calculated by the growth radius of the pathogen antagonist direction). As a result of the evaluation, Gliocladium roseum isolates prevented Fusarium oxysporum isolates in different ratios between 55.8-76.4 %.Öğe The Presence of Soil Pathogens in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Growing in Winter and Summer.(II. International Iğdır Symposium (IGDIRSEMP Iğdır, Turkey), 2017-10-09) Aydın, Mehmet Hadi; Erdemci, İrfanThe aim of this study was to reveal the presence of soil pathogens in chickpea growing in winter and summer. Field trials were arranged as randomized blocks in design with four replications in Diyarbakır province during 2017 year. Sowing dates were November 16 for winter and March 10 for summer. Chickpea plants in all the plots were examined for root rot and wilting in the first week of June. Isolation was made from diseased plants and the diagnosis was performed macroscopically and microscopically. Macrophomina phaseoli, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium spp., were isolated in both trials but the rates were different. Chickpea plants were more affected by summer sowing than winter sowing and athe most isolated pathogens were Fusarium species, especially Fusarium oxysporum.Öğe Efficacy of Gliocladium roseum against dry rot of potato caused by Fusarium sambucinum(The 4rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity, 2018-07-03) AYDIN, Mehmet HadiAim of the study: Fusarium dry rot of potato is a major disease and caused by several Fusarium species with Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel being the most aggressive species in worlwide, including Turkey. Several fungal biocontrol agents have been used for achieving plant disease control, amongst them Gliocladium group has been found effective against tuber pathogens. Gliocladium roseum, a filamentous fungus which is widely distributed in soil and decaying vegetation. It is commonly considered a contaminant and has never been found to be a pathogen in animals or humans. It has ecologically relevant not only in the protection of plants against pathogens, producing a wide range of antibiotic substances and parasitizing other fungi, but also in the stimulation of plant growth. Moreover, these species of fungi can grow on cellulose and produce hydrocarbon and derivatives that look much like diesel. Aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of G. roseum against Fusarium sambucinum caused dry rot of potato. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in two phases: In vitro and In vivo conditions. In first phase, the effect of Gliocadium roseum was studied against three isolates of F. sambucinum (Fs2, Fs3 and Fs4) in vitro conditions in PDA medium by dual culture technique and incubation at 22 ± 24ºC. In the second phase, Potato tubers, CV. Desire were wounded and inoculated with 500 µl of Gliocladium roseum suspensions (107 spores mL-1), 24 h prior inoculation by F. sambucinum and reductioa rate of dry rot in tubers recorded 5-6 weeks incubation at 20-24 ºC in comparison with control treatments. Parameters of dry rot caused maximal width (w), depths (d) were noted, and tubers were calculated by applying the following formula (Lapwood et al. 1984). Penetration (mm): [w/2 + (d-6)]/2.Results: In vitro results showed that G. roseum was moderate mycoparasitism when compared to other antagonist microorganisms, G. roseum growth slowly on the colony of pathogen. But it had been found that G. roseum was very strong to penetre and coiling on pathogen. In vivo results showed that tuber dry rot was reduced by G. roseum with different rates. Penetration measure for F. sambucinum Fs2, Fs3 and Fs4 was 9,58, 8,66 and 14,50 respectively. When compared to treated control (+), F. sambucinum (Fs2, Fs3 and Fs4) isolates were inhibited by G.roseum with the rate of 50,08 %, 56,82 % and 39,10 % respectively.Öğe Efficacy of Some Trichoderma Species Against White Rot of Garlic Caused by Sclerotium cepivorum(I.International Agricultural Science Congress, 2018-05-09) AYDIN, Mehmet HadiWhite rot disease caused by Sclerotium cepivorum is a major yield reducing fungal disease of Allium sp. found throughout the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australia, New Zealand and Turkey. Control measure for this disease is costly and contaminates the environment, harms non-target organisms. Moreover, the pathogen is soilborne and produces abundant sclerotia which can remain dormant for more than 15-20 years. Because of this, chemical control strategy is not quite effective against the disease. So there is a necessity of alternative methods in the struggle against plant diseases. Trichoderma is known as the most widely used antagonists in biological control. The effect of some Trichoderma species (Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens, T. croceum, T. neokoningii, T. viride, T. spirale, T. atroviride, T. tomentosum, T. gamsii, T. asperellum, T. inhamatum, T. strigosum) were studied both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Trichoderma species and Sclerotium cepivorum placed in PDA medium by duel culture techniques and incubated at 22 ± 240C. Results showed that the most effective isolates were T. harzianum LO52, T. virens KB31, T. gamsii VG47, T. strigosum LO43, T.tomentosum VG2, T. asperellum TZ17 and T. viride VG18, respectively. The experiment was conduct with selected Trichoderma isolates and S. cepivorum as a pot study in greenhouse. The design of the experiment was completely randomised. There were 9 treatments with four replicates. Results showed that almost all Trichoderma isolates caused in different rates reductions (21.42 to 64.28 %) in the incidence of garlic white rot disease.Öğe The Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilting in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2019-01-23) Aydın, Mehmet HadiThis research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of some Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum causing Chickpea wilt disease under in vitro and in vivo conditions between 2017 and 2018. On the experiment conducted in PDA medium by using dual culture technique with an incubation at 22 ± 24ºC against two isolates of F. oxysporum (N5 and N7), the most effective isolates were T. hamatum ÖT 16, T. asperellum ÖT1, T. strigosum LO43, T.gamsii VG47, and T. gamsii VG48, respectively. In vivo experiment was carried out by applying an antagonist to chickpea seeds at artificially contaminated soil. Trichoderma affected pathogen in different rates. The most effective isolates were T. hamatum ÖT16, T. viride VG18, and T. gamsii VG47, respectively. In the study, it was concluded that Trichoderma is effective in biological control against chickpea wilt disease.Öğe Bitki Fungal Hastalıklarıyla Biyolojik Savaşta Trichoderma’lar(2019-08-05) AYDIN, Mehmet HadiChemical pectisides used in agricultural cause both environmental pollution and pectiside residues. So there is a necessity of alternative methods in the struggle against plant diseases. Biological control has been developed as an alternative to chemical control and used increasingly in recent years. Trichoderma is known as the most widely used antagonists in biological control and has almost all the land and natural habitats in nature especially in areas containing organic substance. The advantages for the associated plant include the suppression of pathogens by using a variety of mechanisms (i.e., antibiosis, parasitism, competition for nutrients, etc.), the promotion of plant growth and the improvement of host resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, scientists have made most research on this topic and developed many commercial products to be applied against plant pathogens. In this article, It is highlighted the importance of Trichoderma against plant diseases and how to use mechanisms of action. Also some scientific article reviewed both in Turkey and in the World and given some example related to this topic.Öğe COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SOME COMMERCIAL POTATO CULTIVARS TO FUSARIUM SAMBUCINUM AND F. SOLANI ISOLATES CAUSING TUBER DRY ROT(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2018-07-17) AYDIN, Mehmet Hadi; inal, BehcetFusarium dry rot is one of the most important diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), affecting the tubers in storage and the seed pieces after planting. Fusarium sambucinum and F. solani are common pathogens causing dry rot of stored tubers in temperate areas. In this study, infection of F. sambucinum and F. solani on tissue discs prepared from tubers of potato varieties that are susceptible or moderately resistant to this disease was studied. Tubers were wounded, inoculated, incubated at 15-20 °C for 5 weeks and the size of the rot was assessed. All isolates were found pathogenic to potato tubers and differed in pathogenicity. Obtained results revealed that Fusarium isolates showed variable aggressivity upon the 17 tested potato cultivars. Furthermore, no cultivars were found to be completely resistant to the whole Fusarium isolates, and only one cultivar showed a lesser susceptibility to pathogen. This cultivar was Broke®. Moreover, F. sambucinum isolates were detected as more aggressive pathogens than F. solani in all cultivars. Additionally, one out of three isolates of F. sambucinum was more aggressive than the others. All isolates used in this study were identified both based on colony and conodial morphology and also confirmed by molecular methods.Öğe Mardin İli Bağ Alanlarında Zararlı Olan Böcek ve Akar Türleri İle Yayılışlarının Belirlenmesi(ISPEC Uluslararası Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi, 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Diyarbakır İli Badem Ağaçlarında Bakla Zınnı (Epicometis Hirta (Poda,)) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)’nın Farklı Şekildeki Tuzaklarda Yakalanma Durumunun Belirlenmesi.(ISPEC Uluslararası Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi, 2019-08) Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Diyarbakır İli Bağ Alanlarındaki Örümcek (Araneae) Türlerinin Belirlenmesi.(Anadolu 2. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi 26- 28 Nisan 2019, Diyarbakır, 2019-04) Kaplan; Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Diyarbakır İli Bazı Kiraz Bahçelerinde Bulunan Zararlı ve Faydalı böcek Türleri ile Bazı Önemli Zararlı Türlerin Doğada Görülme Zamanı.(Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2019) KaplanBu çalışma, 2015-2016 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ili kiraz alanlarındaki fitofag ve faydalı türler ile bazı önemlilerin doğada görülme zamanı belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Örneklemelerde kiraz bahçelerinde ağaç dallarına yapılan darbe yöntemi yanı sıra türlere özgü eşeysel çekici tuzaklar yanı sıra çukur ve şaraplı besi tuzakları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, kiraz bahçelerinde fitofag türlerden 28 böcek ve 1 akar ile genel predatör ve parazitoitlerden olan 14 faydalı böcek türü saptanmıştır. Saptanan zararlı türlerden Archips rosanus L., Rhagoletis cerasi Linnaeus, Tropinota hirta Poda,, Stephanitis pyri Fabricius, Myzus cerasi F., Capnodis tenebrionis L., Scolytus rugulosus Müller ve Tetranychus urticae Koch.’un ekonomik yönden zararlı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bunun birlikte Coccinella semptempunctata L., Synharmonia conglobata L., Scymnus pallipediformis Gunther, Metasyrphus corollae Fabricius ve Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)’nın Diyarbakır ili Kiraz ağaçlarında en fazla görülen yararlı türler olarak belirlenmiştirÖğe Determination of Distribution, Emergence Period, Population Fluctuation and Infestation Rate of Cherry Fruit Fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Cherry Orchards of Mardin Province.(Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Mardin İli Zeytin Bahçelerinde Zararlı Olan Böcek Türleri, Yayılışları ve Yoğunlukları(Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Elazığ İli Kiraz Üretim Alanlarında Kiraz Sineği (Rhagoletis Cerasi L.) (Diptera:Tephritidae)'nin Doğaya Çıkış Zamanı, Populasyon Değişimi ve Bulaşıklık Oranını Belirlenmesi.(Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2019) Kaplan, MehmetBu çalışma, Elazığ ili Kiraz bahçelerinde zarar yapan Kiraz sineği (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae)'nin doğaya çıkış zamanı ve populasyon gelişiminin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2016-2017 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmalar üretim mevsimi boyunca her birinde en az 50 adet Napolyon (Ziraat 900) kiraz çeşidi kiraz ağacı bulunan bahçelerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalarda zararlının takibinde görsel sarı renkli yapışkan çekici tuzaklar kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda kiraz sineğinin çalışmanın yapıldığı tüm bahçelerde yayılış gösterdiği, erginlerinin doğada mayıs ayının ilk haftasında meyveler ben düşme iken tuzaklarda ilk görüldüğü ve meyveler saman sarısı dönemde iken en yüksek yoğunluk oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Populasyon gelişiminin izlendiği bahçelerde zararlının populasyon yoğunluğunun düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Zararlının popülasyon gelişiminin iki yılda da yaklaşık 21-42 gün arasında devam ettiği ve popülasyonun bitiş tarihinin ise en son haziranın ayının üçüncü haftasına denk geldiği görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra hasat zamanında bahçelerde kontrol edilen 1000 adet meyvede Bulaşma (Kurtlu meyve) oranı %0.2 ve %0.4 arasında değişmektedirÖğe Determining The Criterion and Biotechnical Struggle Methods Against Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) Harming in Apricot Orchards In Turkey(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,, 2019-09) Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Investigation on Mass-Trapping of Archips rosanus L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Pest of Cherry Trees.(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,, 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet…Öğe Evaluation of some Trichoderma species in biological control of potato dry rot caused by Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel isolates.(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019-11-22) Aydın, Mehmet HadiFusarium dry rot of potato is a major disease caused by several Fusarium species, and Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel is considered to be the most aggressive species in worldwide, including Turkey. Biological control based on the use of microorganisms to suppress tuber diseases offers an attractive alternative that has gained great attention due to the significant potential. Several fungal biocontrol agents have been used in plant disease control, and Trichoderma group has been reported as effective against tuber pathogens such as F. sambucinum. This study was carried out under in vitro and in vivo conditions. During in vitro conditions, the effects of fifteen Trichoderma isolates (T. asperellum ÖT1; T. viride VG18; T. viride VG19; T. harzianum TZ16, T. harzianum LO52; T. gamsii VG47; T. gamsii VG48; T. virens KB31; T. strigosum LO43, T. strigosum LO8; T. neokoningii A15; T. atroviride VG3; T. tomentosum VG2; T. Inhamatum KEB12; T. hamatum ÖT16) were studied against three isolates of F. sambucinum (Fs2, Fs3 and Fs4) in PDA medium by using duel culture technique in incubation at 22 ± 24 °C. The most effective isolates were T. virens KB31, T. gamsii VG47, T. hamatum ÖT16, T. asperellum ÖT1, T. harzianum LO52, T. atroviride VG3, respectively. During in vivo conditions, potato tubers, CV. Desire were wounded and inoculated with 1 ml of Trichoderma isolates suspensions (107 spores mL-1), 24 h prior inoculation by F. Sambucinum. Reduction rate of dry rot in tubers was recorded during 5-6 weeks of incubation at 20-24 °C to compare with control treatments. Tuber dry rot was reduced by the antagonistic fungal isolates with different rates. The most effective isolates were T. viride VG18, T. asperellum ÖT1, T. harzianum TZ16, T. virens KB31 and T. inhamatum KEB12, respectively. Potato tubers were also treated with commercial seed fungicides named Celest-Max® (Fludioxonil, SC 100 g/l)] and Quadris® (Azoxystrobin, SC 250 g/l). The results revealed that Fludioxonil treatments were more effective compared to Azoxystrobin treatments and the biological control agents.
