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Öğe The role of athletic mental energy in the occurrence of flow state in male football (soccer) players(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-03-18) Yunus Emre Yarayan; Alexios Batrakoulis; Nuri Berk Güngör; Serkan Kurtipek; Kadir Keskin; Okan Burçak Çelik; Doğukan Batur Alp Gülşen; Gerasimos V. Grivas; Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna; Nouf H. Alkhamees; Bodor Bin Sheeha; Abdullah F. AlghannamBackground: This study examines the determinant role of athletic mental energy on the flow state in professional football (soccer) players. This research fills an important gap in the sports psychology literature by focusing on the interaction between mental energy and flow, a critical component of optimal performance. Methods: Accordingly, 254 male athletes (Mean age = 23.1 ± 5.4 years) voluntarily participated in the study. This study was designed with the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research models. Athletic Mental Energy Scale and Dispositional Flow State Scale-2 were used as data collection tools. After confirming the validity and reliability of the scales, the data were analyzed. In this study, blank data were first evaluated to check the suitability of the analysis and assumptions. After the structure of the scales was verified, firstly, when the skewness kurtosis values for the normality test were examined, it was deter-mined that the data were suitable for normal distribution as the values were between - 1.5 and + 1.5 and the Q-Q graph did not show deviations from the distribution. In this context, Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationship between athletic mental energy and flow state, and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to determine the determinant role of mental energy. Mental energy significantly predicted the flow state (β = 0.81, p < 0.05), and the SEM results indicated a good model fit (χ²/df = 2.96, RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.90). Results: When the findings obtained from the research were analyzed, it was determined that athletic mental energy was a determinant of flow and contributed to 66% of the variance. Conclusion: As a result, it supports that athletes' mental energy levels play an important role in their performance and contribute to the increase of optimal performance mood. These findings suggest that coaches and sports psychologists should focus on strategies to enhance athletes' mental energy levels, such as incorporating mental skills training into their routines. The study emphasizes the importance of athletes' ability to manage their mental energy levels and the development of strategies to increase optimal performance mood. By providing evidence for the link between mental energy and flow, this study contributes to advancing the understanding of performance optimization in professional sports.Öğe Determining the levels of social anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties among youth participating in sports courses at youth centers(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2025-02-28) Buşra Özcan; Yunus Şahinler; Mahmut Ulukan; Mustafa Can KoçThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social anxiety levels and emotion regulation difficulties among adolescents participating in sports courses at youth centers. The study included 206 young individuals (64.6% female and 35.4% male), aged 11-18, attending youth center courses across Turkey. A Google Forms survey was used for data collection, applying a convenience sampling method to reach 206 youth center participants. Data were collected using social anxiety and emotion regulation scales applied to individuals residing in a specific geographical region. The findings reveal that social anxiety levels are significantly associated with demographic factors such as age, gender, and parental education (p<0.05). Furthermore, adolescents with high levels of social anxiety are more likely to experience difficulties in emotion regulation (p<0.05). The results underscore the impact of social anxiety and emotional challenges during adolescence on psychological well-being and highlight the importance of intervention programs aimed at fostering emotional and social development among adolescents. These findings can serve as a resource for future research and practical applications, contributing to the development of strategies to reduce social anxiety in adolescents.Öğe Are the Notions of Leader–Member Exchange and Organisational Citizenship Effective in Enhancing Teachers’ Job Performance in Türkiye? A Moderated Mediation Model(MDPI AG, 2025-01-02) Mehmet Sabir ÇevikThis study is correlational and cross-sectional quantitative research that examines the moderating role of working time with the school principal on the effect of leader-member exchange on teachers' job performance through organisational citizenship. Data were collected from 481 teachers in 43 public schools across the western, central, northern, southern, and eastern regions of Türkiye using the convenience sampling method. The Leader-Member Exchange Scale, Organisational Citizenship Scale, and Employee Performance Scale were used as data collection tools. Data were analysed through descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and moderator and moderated mediation analyses. The results indicated positive and significant relationships among leader-member exchange, organisational citizenship behaviours, and teachers' job performance. It was found that leader-member exchange indirectly affected teachers' job performance through organisational citizenship, and working time with the school principal served as a moderator in the relationship between leader-member exchange and organisational citizenship. The indirect effect of leader-member exchange on job performance through organisational citizenship was stronger for teachers with shorter working durations with the principal.Öğe Is there a significant relationship between the empowering leadership behaviors of school principals and the psychological resilience of teachers? Understanding the moderating effects of gender and length of time spent with the school principal(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-01-08) Mehmet Sabir Çevik; Emine DoğanThe psychological resilience of teachers has gained significant attention due to its positive effects on schools and students. This cross-sectional quantitative study investigates the moderating roles of gender and the length of time spent with the school principal in the relationship between principals' empowering leadership behaviors and teachers' psychological resilience. Data were collected from 362 teachers working in public primary, secondary, and high schools in Siirt, T & uuml;rkiye. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and moderation analysis using the bootstrapping method were applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the empowering leadership behaviors of school principals positively correlate with teachers' psychological resilience, with variations based on gender and time spent with the principal. Specifically, the relationship is stronger for female teachers compared to male teachers and for those who have spent more time with the school principal. These results offer theoretical insights and practical recommendations for enhancing teacher resilience through leadership practices, highlighting the importance of understanding contextual and demographic factors.
