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    Effect of Age on the Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Intravenous Administration in Calves
    (Wiley, 2024) Corum, Orhan; Yuksel, Murat; Coskun, Devran; Corum, Duygu Durna; Kartal, Serafettin; Cellat, Mustafa; Uney, Kamil
    The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after intravenous (IV) administration of a single dose of 10 mg/kg to calves of different ages. The study was carried on 1- (n = 6), 2- (n = 6), and 4-month-old (n = 6) Montofon calves. Plasma concentrations of marbofloxacin were measured using HPLC, and pharmacokinetic data were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. The elimination half-life (t(1/2 lambda z)), volume of distribution at steady state (V-dss), total clearance (Cl-T), and area under the concentration-versus time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) values of marbofloxacin in 1-month-old calves were 10.62 h, 1.03 L/kg, 0.08 L/h/kg, and 127.90 h*mu g/mL, respectively. While the t(1/2 lambda z) (from 10.62 to 3.36 h) and AUC(0-infinity) (from 127.90 to 47.35 h*mu g/mL) decreased in parallel with the age of the calves, Cl-T (from 0.08 to 0.21 L/h/kg) increased. The V-dss of marbofloxacin was higher in 1- and 2-month-old calves compared to 4-month-old calves. After IV administration of marbofloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg, an fAUC(0-24)/MIC90 ratio of >= 125 was obtained for bacteria with MIC90 values of <= 0.60, <= 0.39 and <= 0.27 mu g/mL in 1-, 2-, and 4-month-old calves, respectively. These results show that the antibacterial effect of marbofloxacin, which has concentration-dependent activity, decreases due to age-related pharmacokinetic changes and that the 10 mg/kg dose should be reviewed according to the MIC90 value of the bacteria.
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    Öğe
    Effect of Xylazine on Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Efficacy of Intravenous Carprofen in Castrated Goats Kids
    (Mdpi, 2023) Uney, Kamil; Yuksel, Murat; Corum, Duygu Durna; Coskun, Devran; Turk, Erdinc; Dingil, Hasan Basri; Corum, Orhan
    Carprofen can be used in the castration process of male goats due to its low side effects, long elimination half-life, and long-term effect. However, no studies were found on the pharmacokinetics and physiological efficacy of carprofen when employed for castration in male goats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, intramuscular) on the pharmacokinetics and physiological efficacy following intravenous administration of carprofen (4 mg/kg, intravenous) in male goat kids castrated using the burdizzo method. Thirty male Kilis goat kids (5-6 months and 18-30 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6) as follows: healthy control (HC), castration control (CAST), castration+carprofen (CAST+CRP), castration+xylazine (CAST+XYL), and castration+xylazine+carprofen (CAST+XYL+CRP). Plasma concentrations of carprofen were analyzed via a non-compartmental method. Physiological parameters including serum cortisol, scrotal temperature, rectal temperature, and scrotal circumference were determined. Xylazine caused a decrease in the volume of distribution and clearance and an increase in the area under the curve of carprofen in CAST+XYL+CRP group (p < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentrations in CAST+CRP and CAST+XYL remained lower compared to CAST (p < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentrations in CAST+XYL+CRP were lower than in CAST+CRP and CAST+XYL (p < 0.05). In addition, the effect of carprofen administration alone on reducing the initial cortisol response to castration was observed from 6 to 48 h, while in combination with xylazine, it was observed immediately up to 48 h. No treatment differences were observed in rectal temperature, scrotal temperature, and scrotal circumference (p > 0.05). Xylazine caused an increase in plasma concentration and a decrease in clearance of carprofen after co-administration. However, when the effect of the combined administration of carprofen with xylazine on cortisol is evaluated, their combined use in castration process may be beneficial.