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    A novel approach in the prevention of mastitis: electrical teat dipping
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, Burak
    Teat dipping is widely used in dairy cattle, especially to protect against contagious mastitis. Here we determine the effect of the device called 'Electrical Teat Dipping' (ETD), which was developed by combining teat dipping application and electrical field stimulation technique on teats. For this purpose, the front teats of 100 Holstein breed milking cows were evaluated in two groups, with ETD being applied once to the left front teat of these cows, and conventional teat dipping (CTD) being applied once to the right front teat, both after milking. Ultrasonographic measurements of the teats were made before milking and after teat dipping. We found that the width of the teat canal (1.88 +/- 0.07 mm) in the teat using ETD was narrower after the application compared to those with CTD (2.28 +/- 0.05 mm). Based on our findings, we conclude that the effects of ETD on the teat are very positive and can potentially be used as a new approach in the preventative control of mastitis in cows.
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    Efficacy of a novel veterinary argon plasma coagulation device in treating teat canal stenosis
    (Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2023) Saat, Nevzat; Risvanli, Ali; Dogan, Halef; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, M. Akif
    Teat canal stenosis is a significant factor that impedes milking and can lead to cows being unable to rear. Because the methods applied in the treatment of teat canal stenosis are mostly unsuccessful, animals with the disease are usually removed from breeding. In this case, it causes great damage to the livestock economy in the world. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the veterinary argon plasma coagulation device, a newly developed treatment for teat canal stenosis. A two-stage study was conducted for this purpose. In the first stage, as a material, 30 teats from 30 cows of varying ages and breeds were selected. The cows were randomly divided into three groups. The first group (n=10) underwent closed operations using instruments such as occult mammary scalpels, papillomas, and udder probes, depending on the severity and condition of their teat stenosis. The second group (n=10) received a preparation containing 8 mg chemotrypsin, 8 mg trypsin, 4 mg papain, 100,000 IU retinol palmitate, and 120 mg tocopherol acetate per ml without any operation. The preparation, containing 4 mg chemotrypsin, 4 mg trypsin, and 10 mg papain in each ml, was administered intramammary three times at 12-hour intervals once a day at a dose of 0.4 ml/10 kg intramuscularly for three days. The third group (n=10) received veterinary argon plasma coagulation device through the teat canal. In the second stage, veterinary argon plasma coagulation device was utilized to treat 104 stenosed teat canals. Based on the findings, the group in which veterinary argon plasma coagulation device was applied exhibited the best recovery rate (90%) at the end of the third week in the study's first phase. In the study's second phase, 89.42% of the nipples treated with veterinary argon plasma coagulation device were completely healed. In both stages of the study, it was established that the recovery criteria could not be detected as stenosis and that the milk flow was continuous due to weekly ultrasonographic and clinical examinations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the newly developed veterinary argon plasma coagulation device is a portable device that can be used to treat teat canal stenosis.
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    Evaluation of the portio vaginalis of the cervix by B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound in Simmental cattle
    (Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Seker, Ibrahim
    This study was aimed to reveal the relationship between the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography features of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in Simmental cattle with different physiological and pathological conditions of genital organs. For this purpose, 90 cattle were used in the study. The length, width and circumference of the portio vaginalis of the cervix were measured ultrasonographically using a 5 MHz linear probe. In addition, the portio vaginalis of the cervix was ultrasonographically evaluated in terms of echogenicity, cystic formations, calcification and integrity of its borders. Regarding the colour Doppler ultrasonography, measurements of the vascular distribution category, vascular density and the vascular morphological appearance were made. In this study, it was found that the rate of irregularity of the border of the portio vaginalis in B-mode ultrasonography according to the pregnancy status was 10.9% in non-pregnant cows, while this was not observed in pregnant cows (0.0%). According to the metritis status, it was observed that the rate of regularity of the border of the portio vaginalis was higher in animals with metritis (45.5%) in B-mode ultrasonography. As a result, it was concluded that there were significant changes in the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography characteristics of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in different physiological and pathological conditions in cattle, and that hypotheses can be developed regarding the fertility of the animals by evaluating these characteristics.
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    Öğe
    The effects of novel electrical teat dipping on some mastitis parameters in dairy herds
    (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2023) Safak, Tarik; Risvanli, Ali; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, Burak
    Electrical teat dipping (ETD) is a novel, patented method developed by the authors to control mastitis in dairy cows. Here we evaluate the efficacy of ETD in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BTMSCC) on three dairy farms over 6 months. ETD was applied for morning and evening milking on three farms, while conventional teat dipping (CTD) was applied on the other three farms. The number of animals and quarters with clinical mastitis and monthly BTMSCC measurements were recorded. We found that the incidence of clinical mastitis was lower on farms using ETD than those using CTD. However, the BTMSCC did not significantly change throughout the study. Based on these findings, we conclude that ETD effectively reduces mastitis rates on dairy farms.