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    ACUTE AND LONG-TERM PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON THE PLACENTA DURING SECOND TRIMESTER AND LABOR
    (Univ Quindio, 2023) Tast, Fatih; Erdemci, Fikri; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Asir, Firat; Ozudogru, Osman; Deveci, Engin
    Background: COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the world. The consequence of the COVID-19 infection causes many disorders in many organs, one of them is the placenta. COVID-19 disease has long-term effects on various tissues after recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the placentas of pregnant women with healthy, COVID-19 positive during the second trimester and labor. Material and methods: A total of twenty-four pregnant women (8 patients per each group) were included in the study. Their placentas were processed for routine paraffin wax embedding protocol. The blood parameters of patients were recorded. Placental tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin dye and immune stained with TNF-a and ADAMTS-8. Statistical analysis was performed on blood and histological parameters.Results: AST and CRP values of biochemical parameters were higher in women with second trimester and labor groups than in the healthy group. Also, a significant increase in ALT values was observed in the labor group. Normal histology was observed in the placentas of healthy patients. More histopathology was recorded in the placentas of COVID-19 infected women compared to healthy placentas. The expression of TNF-a and ADAMTS-8 were found significantly higher in the COVID-19 placentas compared to the non-COVID-19 group.Conclusions: COVID-19 infection can cause pathological changes during pregnancy and labor. This study shows that COVID-19 not only acutely has adverse effects on placental pathologies but also has long-term effects. TNF-a and ADAMTS-8 primary antibodies can be a guide in demonstrating these effects.
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    Bio-Fertilizers Reduced the Need for Mineral Fertilizers in Soilless-Grown Capia Pepper
    (Mdpi, 2023) Dasgan, Hayriye Yildiz; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Dere, Sultan; Ikiz, Boran; Gruda, Nazim S.
    Soilless cultivation is extensively used in the greenhouse industry. Recently, hydroponic cultivation of capia pepper has become popular among growers. Capia pepper is harvested at the red maturity stage, and intensive mineral fertilizers are usually used for soilless cultivation. This study was performed in a greenhouse during spring under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The effects of bacteria and mycorrhiza on capia pepper plant growth, yield, fruit quality, and nutrition were investigated. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of these two bio-fertilizers were investigated. Our objective was to replace 20% of mineral fertilizers with bio-fertilizers in a soilless culture system. The use of 80% mineral fertilizers, in combination with mycorrhiza and bacteria, provided a 32.4% higher yield than the control (100% mineral fertilizer without bio-fertilizers). Moreover, the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in the leaves of pepper plants fed with the reduced mineral fertilizers combined with bio-fertilizers were higher than that of the control. In addition, fruit parameters, such as fruit weight, diameter, volume, the electric conductivity of the fruit juice, and total soluble solids, were significantly higher in this treatment compared to the control. Using 80% mineral fertilizer with only bacteria provided a 24.2% higher yield than the control. In conclusion, mineral fertilizers were successfully reduced by 20% using bacteria and mycorrhiza. These results provide an eco-friendly approach to a sustainable environment.
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    Comparison of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptide levels in hyperemesis gravidarum patients with normal pregnant women: A prospective cohort study
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Yilmaz, Mehmet; Aksin, Serif; Balsak, Deniz; Aboalhasan, Yasmin; Batmaz, Ibrahim
    Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether orexigenic neuropeptides, orexin and galanin, and anorexigenic neuropeptides, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), are implicated in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Methods: Fifty pregnant women who had been diagnosed with HG between April 2022 and February 2023 at the Siirt University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital (tertiary center) were recruited for this study. An equal number of pregnant women without an HG diagnosis were included in the study as the control group. Participants' age, pregnancy history, medical history, thyroid function test results, complete blood count results, and electrolyte levels were recorded, and their orexin, galanin, alpha-MSH, and CART serum levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No statistically significant differences in orexigenic neuropeptides (orexin and galanin) were observed between the HG and control groups. A statistical difference was found between an anorexigenic neuropeptide (alpha-MSH) and the control group (P = .012). Based on a receiver operating characteristic analysis, the alpha-MSH parameter was statistically significant for distinguishing between participants with an HG diagnosis and those without, with a sensitivity of 63.6%, specificity of 65.9%, and cutoff value of 11769.3 pg/mL (P = .012, area under curve: 0.655). Based on the severity classification of ketonuria (ketonuria levels of +1 or +2 were classified as mild, whereas levels of +3 or +4 were classified as moderate to severe), the anorexigenic CART neuropeptide was found to be a statistically significant diagnostic indicator of severe ketonuria (P = .020). Conclusion: alpha-MSH and CART levels were found to be related in HG patients and in HG patients with severe ketonuria.
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    Comparison of Perinatal, Newborn, and Audiometry Results of COVID-19 Pregnant Women
    (Wiley, 2022) Yilmaz, Mehmet; Aksin, Serif; Balsak, Deniz; Avci, Fazil; Ozdogru, Osman; Helvacioglu, Bekir; Erdemoglu, Mahmut
    Objective. There are studies on the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19, but the audiometric effects of the maternal immune system against COVID-19 in the newborn are not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 positive pregnant women and the audiological outcomes of newborns. Materials and Methods. This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted with 65 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive pregnant women and newborns and 66 normal pregnant women and newborns who were admitted between January 2020-December 2021. Pregnancy data, perinatal outcomes, and newborn hearing test results of pregnant women and newborns were recorded and compared. Results. A total of 131 patients were enrolled in the study. The number of normal pregnant women was 66 (50.4%) and the number of pregnant women who had COVID-19 disease was 65 (49.6%). In general, gestational week, age, parity, biochemical parameters, duration of hospital stay, week of delivery, fetal weight, and apgar scores were compared between pregnant women with COVID-19 and normal. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-reactive protein (CRP) parameters were found to be significantly higher, and lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios were significantly lower (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (chi(2)=0.001; p=1,000). The normal delivery status, the normal delivery rate in patients with COVID-19 was found to be statistically significantly higher than the cesarean section delivery status (p=0.012). In the statistical comparison between the COVID-19 and normal pregnant groups in the cesarean section group, the gestational week, delivery week, and apgar1 scores of the pregnant women with COVID-19 were found to be significantly higher. There was no statistically significant difference between the distributions of the rate of infants with hearing impairment in the comparison with hearing tests in pregnant women with COVID-19 (n=1) and normal pregnant women (n=1) (chi(2)=0.001; p=1,000). Conclusion. Although the negative effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes are rare, it was determined that there was no increased audiological risk factor, and the most important predictor of COVID-19 was lymphopenia.
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    Diagnosis of genital tuberculosis on menstrual blood during infertility explorations
    (Elsevier, 2021) Yilmaz, Mehmet; Basbug, Alper
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Pregnancy outcomes after abdominal sacrocervicopexy
    (Springer London Ltd, 2022) Balsak, Deniz; Aksin, Serif; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Aboalhasan, Yasemin
    Introduction and hypothesis Various methods are used in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. Organ-preserving methods are gaining importance and popularity. Although the success rates of abdominal sacrocervicopexy, which is one of these methods, are known, data on pregnancy outcomes are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate pregnancy outcomes after abdominal sacrocervicopexy. Methods This study included 72 patients with a diagnosis of POP who underwent abdominal sacrocervicopexy with monofilament polypropylene mesh in Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital between 2008 and 2016. Anterior and posterior colporrhaphy operations were performed. Postoperatively, these patients were followed up for a mean of 29.68 +/- 6.55 (20-49) months. Pregnancy and recurrence outcomes of those who became pregnant were recorded and analyzed. Results On average, pregnancies occurred 23.2 (18-30) months after the operation. During follow-up, eight patients became pregnant and gave birth without any issues or complications. One had a normal vaginal delivery, and seven gave birth by cesarean section. One of the pregnant women had a twin pregnancy. When 24 patients who underwent bilateral tubal ligation and postmenopausal (n = 2) were excluded, the pregnancy rate was found to be 17.3%. The weeks of the deliveries were 35 weeks (twin pregnancy), 38 weeks (n = 2), 39 weeks (n = 3), and 40 weeks (n = 1), for an average of 38.5 weeks. Conclusions Eight patients who had undergone abdominal sacrocervicopexy had healthy pregnancies and deliveries.
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    Thyroid Function Tests and Thyroid Antibody Tests in Ectopic Pregnancies: A Prospective Cohort Study
    (Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2024) Aksin, Şerif; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Balsak, Deniz; Aboalhasan, Yasmin; Yoldaş, Adem; Batmaz, İbrahim
    Thyroid hormone levels have been observed to induce structural changes in different regions of the fallopian tube. This study aimed to investigate the impact of thyroid hormones on ectopic pregnancy. In pursuit of this objective, 31 patients with ectopic pregnancy were monitored at Siirt University Training and Research Hospital between July 2022 and December 2022. Additionally, a total of 31 patients with normal first-trimester pregnancies, matched for age, parity, and gestational week, were included in th e control group. Various parameters, including patient age, pregnancy history, medical history, treatment methods, clinical and demographic data, TSH, fT3, fT4, TT3, TT4, Thyroglobulin, Anti-thyroglobulin Antibody, TSH receptor antibody (TrAB), Anti-Peroxidase Antibody, Anti-Tyroglobulin Antibody, hemogram, biochemistry, CRP, and sedimentation values, were compared.Clinical Trials no: NCT05446012 Statistically significant differences were noted in Free T3 (p = 0.011) and thyroglobulin (p = 0.018) values bet ween the ectopic pregnancy and control groups. Subsequent ROC analysis was conducted for the significant parameters, determining the AUC (Lower and Upper Bound), sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off values for each parameter. Multivariate logistic regression analysis followed, wherein the "backward stepwise model" was applied to the Free T3 parameter. The apparent parameter indicating an increased risk in the disease was Free T3, with a 4.2-fold increase and a 95% CI of [1.3-13.5]. Lower Free T3 levels were associated with an elevated risk of ectopic pregnancy. The assessment of Free T3 levels during pre-pregnancy counseling may aid in identifying pregnant women at risk of ectopic pregnancy. © 2024, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.