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    A Study on Lactation Milk Yield and Milk Qualtiy Characteristics of Kilis Goats in Farm Conditions
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2022) Daskiran, Irfan; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Gunbey, Veysel Serkan
    Considering the traditional ice cream production in Kilis goat breeding regions and the demand for goat cheese, it is very big importance to focus on these criteria as selection criteria in research on milk components. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between lactation milk yield and milk quality characteristics in Kilis goats. Animal material was consisting of 170 Kilis goat reared from two different farms in Kilis province. The least squares mean for lactation yield and lactation length were 177.97 +/- 4.45 kg and 184.84 +/- 0.95 days. The values for the total dry matter (TDM), oil (%), protein (%), lactose (%), casein (%) in Kilis goats were determined; 12.175 +/- 0.125, 4.025 +/- 0.088, 3.346 +/- 0.054, 4.068 +/- 0.027, 2.563 +/- 0,040, respectively. In our study, the correlation between milk protein ratio and milk dry matter was significant at the level of 0.88 (P<0.01). In our study, the correlation between milk protein ratio and milk dry matter was significant at the level of 0.88 (P<0.01). In this study, the relationship between the fat component and the lactose component was found r = 0.13. In addition, it has been reported that the relationships between milk quality characteristics vary according to the lactation period. Although there is no significant change in milk protein, lactose and milk dry matter at the beginning and middle of lactation, milk fat ratio increases while lactose content decreases in the last periods of lactation. As a result, Kilis goat have the high values for milk yield and characteristics of milk quality compared to several goat genotypes and even they had higher values that some goat genotypes. In addition to this, it is confirmed that Kilis goat have adequate values of protein and casein, especially for cheese production.
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    Effect of different feeding systems on the fattening performance, slaughter-carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs
    (Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet; Keskin, Siddik
    The aim of the study was to find out the effect of different feeding systems on the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Norduz male lambs. Lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 each, as follows: 2M (2 meals/day), 4M (4 meals/day) and SF (self-feeder). Then, lambs were fed according to these regimes for 70 days to determine the feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, carcass fatness and meat quality traits such as pH, color and water holding capacity. Although live weights and daily weight gains were found to be similar among the groups, significant differences were found in the daily feed intake (2M: 1.53 kg; 4M: 1.70 kg; SF: 1.89 kg) among groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in slaughter and carcass characteristics except dressing percentage (2M: 49.69%; 4M: 50.59%; SF: 48.46%). Meat quality traits were also similar among groups, except for pH(24h) (2M: 5.77; 4M: 5.95; SF: 6.10) (p<0.01).
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    Effects of some factors on growth of lambs and the determination of growth curve models
    (Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Ferda; Bingol, Mehmet; Kaki, Baris; Ser, Gazel
    The aims were to identify the body weight of the several age groups in Norduz lambs and its correlations between these traits were to determine the best non-linear growth curve models for the growth performance of the Norduz sheep breed. A total of 91 male and female of Norduz lambs were evaluated under extensive system conditions. The least square means for weights at birth and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195 and 210 days of age periods were 4.51 +/- 0.56, 9.28 +/- 0.25, 11.14 +/- 0.29, 14.99 +/- 0.37, 18.21 +/- 0.43, 22.54 +/- 0.54, 22.33 +/- 0.25, 23.59 +/- 0.54, 25.58 +/- 0.55, 28.07 +/- 0.58, 29.45 +/- 0.60, 29.98 +/- 0.84, 32.44 +/- 0.61, 32.03 +/- 0.59 and 31.45 +/- 0.57 kg, respectively. There were differences in favor of lambs of four-year old dams at 15 days of age and also lambs born single at 90 days of age for the body weight. The effect of weight of dam at birth, 30, 45, 60 days of age was significant (P<0.05-P<0.01) and the birth weight in lambs importantly effected the weights at 15, 30, and 45 days of age. All correlations between the body weights of several age periods were significant as statistical (P<0.01). As for the growth models, distinguished models were compared using the coefficient of determination and mean square error for both sexes. As a result, we concluded that von Bertalanffy model were the best model in comparison with the other models for biological growth curves in Norduz male and female lambs.
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    Evaluation of one-shot vaccination protocol for suppressing reproductive functions in rams using encapsulated ovalbumin-LHRH-7 protein
    (Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Ferda; Hakan, Bunyamin; Stormo, Keith; Cengiz, Firat; Ulker, Hasan
    The objective of study were to determine the effectiveness of Ovalbumin-LHRH-7 (OL) protein administered with cytosine guanine (CpG) adjuvant and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA), and used one-shot immunization (single-dose vaccination) protocol in which booster dose included in microspheres in rams. Fifty ram lambs at about a year old were used. Treatment groups receiving Ovalbumin LHRH and control contained 10 animals. They were stratified according to age (weeks), live weight and scrotal circumference size, and were randomly assigned to five groups. Scrotal circumference, sexual activities and the numbers of rams having sperm in the ejaculate were affected from treatment (P<0.05) depending on the dose and vaccination protocol. However, immunization did not affect live weight changes in any treatment groups (P>0.05). Findings clearly demonstrate that the effects of OL immunization on reproductive traits in yearling rams were prominent when it was administered at higher dose and classical one primary and one booster immunization as free protein form. Also we observed that the effect of higher and single dose of OL protein in encapsulated form on reproductive traits had the partial suppressing. CpG adjuvant along with IFA was proved to be an effective adjuvant and could be suggested to be used and alternative to FCA in hormone immunization.
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    Investigation of genetic structure in van cats using microsatellite markers
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Koyun, Hasan; Koncagul, Seyrani; Karakus, Kadir; Okut, Hayrettin; Kucuk, Mursel; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Ozkan, Cumali
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Single nucleotide polymorphisms of GDF9 gene/exon 2 region and their associations with milk yield and milk content traits in Karakas and Norduz sheep breeds
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Koyun, Hasan; Kiraz, Selahaddin; Karaca, Serhat; Koncagul, Seyrani; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Kadir; Yesilova, Abdullah
    Karakas and Norduz sheep have been adapted to the Lake Van region of Turkey for many years as being domestic genetic resources and meat, milk, and fleece traits are a reliable economic resource especially preferred by small family businesses around the area. In this study, the data set consisted of milk yield (MY) and milk content components; milk fat (MF), fat-free dry matter (FFDM), dry matter (DM), protein (Pro), lactose (Lac), pH, acidity H (aH), and lactic acid (Lac). Besides, Karakas (n = 30) and Norduz (n = 26) sheep were chosen to investigate based on the SNP method. Correspondingly, genomic DNA from both breeds exon 2 of the GDF9 gene region was amplified, 815 base pairs (bp) in length, by means of PCR. Therefore, there were three noval SNPs detected in both breeds under investigation. Although SNP1 and 2 with genotypes of GG and AG had statistically significant impacts on both milk production and milk components (p < 0.01), SNP3 with genotypes of TT, TC had no significant effects on the milk characteristics in question.
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    Some Descriptive Parameters and Correlations Between Live Weight and Some Body Measurements of Kilis Goats in Semi-Intensive Conditions
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2018) Daskiran, Irfan; Yilmaz, Ayhan
    This study was carried out to update the data belongs to the body weight and the body measurements in Kilis goats. The experimental material was a total 201 head of the different ages of the Kilis goats extensively reared in the Basmagara (farmer 1) and Center (farmer 2) villages of the Kilis. These farmers have its genotypic characteristics of the Kilis genotype. The live weight, body length, wither at height, chest girth, back height, rump height, chest width, chest depth, ear length and front cannon circumference were determined as 46.00 +/- 0.98 kg, 71.82 +/- 0.53, 70.97 +/- 0.43,25 +/- 0.67, 67.88 +/- 0.39, 69.47 +/- 0.39, 89.47 +/- 0.64, 30.53 +/- 0.22, 30.53 +/- 0.21 and 9.29 +/- 0.08 cm in accordance with study results, respectively. The effects of age groups, sex and farmer on body weight in Kilis goats were significant. The difference between sex groups for cannon circumference was important, whereas the differences between farmers was all significant except for chest circumference and ear length (P<0.05-P<0.01). In addition to the differences among age groups was significant except for cannon circumference (P<0.05-P<0.01). Besides, The phenotypic correlations among body weight and body measurements were very important (P<0.01).
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    Some descriptive parameters and correlations between live weight and some body measurements of kilis goats in semi-intensive conditions
    (Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2018) Daşkiran, İrfan; Yilmaz, Ayhan
    This study was carried out to update the data belongs to the body weight and the body measurements in Kilis goats. The experimental material was a total 201 head of the different ages of the Kilis goats extensively reared in the Başmağara (farmer 1) and Center (farmer 2) villages of the Kilis. These farmers have its genotypic characteristics of the Kilis genotype. The live weight, body length, wither at height, chest girth, back height, rump height, chest width, chest depth, ear length and front cannon circumference were determined as 46.00±0.98 kg, 71.82±0.53, 70.97±0.43,25±0.67, 67.88±0.39, 69.47±0.39, 89.47±0.64, 30.53±0.22, 30.53±0.21 and 9.29±0.08 cm in accordance with study results, respectively. The effects of age groups, sex and farmer on body weight in Kilis goats were significant. The difference between sex groups for cannon circumference was important, whereas the differences between farmers was all significant except for chest circumference and ear length (P<0.05-P<0.01). In addition to the differences among age groups was significant except for cannon circumference (P<0.05-P<0.01). Besides, The phenotypic correlations among body weight and body measurements were very important (P<0.01). © 2017 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All Rights Reserved.
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    The Association between Blood ?-Hydroxybutyric Acid Concentration in the Second Week of Lactation and Reproduction Performance of Lithuanian Black and White Cows
    (Mdpi, 2022) Mecionyte, Indre; Palubinskas, Giedrius; Anskiene, Lina; Antanaitis, Ramunas; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Tapio, Ilma; Zilaitis, Vytuolis
    Simple Summary Determination of BHB concentration in the second week of lactation (WK 2) may allow us to predict the fertility properties of cows and help better manage farms. BHB concentration can be considered as a predictor trait of reproduction success. High BHB concentration requires a higher amount of insemination. The season in which the cows calve and the parity must be considered in the assessment as these factors affect BHB concentration in WK 2. Hyperketonemia is a very common metabolic state in dairy cows, which result in lower milk production, impaired fertility, and increased frequency of other diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of season, parity, and milk yield of cows on beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in the second week of lactation (WK 2) and establish the relationship between BHB concentration in WK 2 and reproduction performance traits such as insemination rate and first insemination day of Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows. The study included clinically healthy Lithuanian Black and White cows (n = 692). Blood BHB concentration was measured using capillary blood samples collected after morning milking when cows were 7-10 DIM. The impact of WK 2 blood BHB concentration on the insemination rate and first insemination day were investigated. The effect of BHB was evaluated according to the season, parity, and milk yield per lactation (305 DIM). Significant differences were observed in BHB concentration in WK 2 due to season and parity, but no statistically significant differences were observed for milk yields (305 d). Increased blood BHB concentration in WK 2 negatively affected insemination rate (p < 0.001) and first insemination day (p < 0.001). The study findings indicate that BHB concentration in WK 2 depends on season and parity, while the milk yield is not associated with BHB concentration. High BHB concentration in WK 2 increases insemination rate and delays the first insemination day for high milk-yielding Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows.
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    Views' of Breeders of Anatolian Buffalo on Buffalo Feeding, The Utilization of Products, and Marketing Possibilities in Bitlis Province of Turkey
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2020) Ciftci, Serkan; Yilmaz, Ayhan
    This study was performed to determine the production practices and the general structural characteristics of Anatolian buffalo farmers in Guroymak and Mutki regions of Bitlis province. The research group of this study consisted of 136 of breeders reared Anatolian buffalo in these regions and was questioned from 85 item of question at total. Obtained data were analyzed in Statistical Analyzes System (SAS). In the research, it was detected that buffalo breeding in Bitlis city was mainly conducted by middle age (age of 40 and 50) or older breeders (51 years and older). It was observed that the breeders could not produce their own feed due to insufficient land availability (0-20 decares per farm) and the pastures were insufficient. Buffalo milk was mainly used for the production of yoghurt and cheese and farmers did not have a plan for the marketing of buffalo products because of low price problems. Mandatory vaccines for health protection in Anatolian buffaloes were performed regularly. In addition, it has been stated that in recent years, the efforts to protect the Anatolian buffaloes have contributed significantly to the protection and development of this animal production branch.