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    A broad assessment of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb: chemical and elemental composition, total phenolic and antimicrobial activity analysis, and quantum chemical calculations of radical scavenging potential
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Tegin, Ibrahim; Hallac, Bulent; Sabanci, Nazmiye; Sadik, Betul; Fidan, Mehmet; Yabalak, Erdal
    Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb was extensively investigated experimentally and theoretically, including the antioxidant properties of compounds such as flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, and organic acids. Antioxidant activity was investigated using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method based on three known mechanisms: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). Subcritical water extraction (SWE), soxhlet extraction (SE), and solvent extraction (SOE) techniques were applied in the extraction process. Malic acid was the major compound with an extract concentration of 38,532.84 +/- 1849.58 mu g analyte/kg, total phenolics, and free radical scavenging activity were 10.67 mg gallic acid/mL extract and 73.89% per mg/mL extract, respectively. P, Fe, Na, Mg, K, and Ca were the main elements. The antibacterial activity of E. spectabilis against seven bacteria was evaluated, and it was found to be higher than the commercial antibiotics P10 and AMC30.
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    Assessment of trace element and quality parameters in sheep milk from different regions and different seasons in the Iraqi Kurdish region
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Tegin, Ibrahim; Dawdy, Gazee Rahman Muhamad; Hallac, Bulent; Yabalak, Erdal
    Trace elements found in sheep milk are present as inorganic ions and their salts as part of organic molecules such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. The chemical form of trace elements found in milk is important as it determines their absorption and biological utilisation in the intestine. In this study, trace element concentration and quality of sheep milk were evaluated in a total of 97 sheep milk samples collected from different regions (Erbil, Altunkopri, Makhmur, Qaraj, Kasnazan, Khabat, Taqtaq, Koysinjaq, Soran, Rawanduz and Sidakan) in the Iraqi Kurdish region during two seasons in April and September. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to analyse the element content of the samples. The results in the samples collected in both periods showed that the mean values of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cr, Fe, P, Se and Cu were 328.15 mu g mL-1, 1604.40 mu g mL-1, 805.8 mu g mL-1, 177.28 mu g mL-1, 0.38 mu g mL-1, 0.67 mu g mL-1, 3.15 mu g mL-1,0.08 mu g mL-1, 260.04 mu g mL-1, 0.06 mu g mL-1, and 3.83 mu g mL-1, respectively. The mean values for some quality parameters such as fat, density, lactose, total salt and protein of sheep milk samples collected in both periods were 6.47%, 1029.28 kg m-3, 4.44%, 9.01%, and 4.07%, respectively. Besides, the data obtained were evaluated by some chemometric techniques such as correlation, multicomponent analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA).
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    Determination of pesticide residues in varieties of pepper sold at different periods and provinces in Turkey and investigation of their adverse effects on human health and the environment
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Aktas, Serafettin; Aminzai, Mohammad Tahir; Tegin, Ibrahim; Yabalak, Erdal; Acar, Orhan
    Pesticides are dangerous chemicals that can harm to people and the environment when applied inappropriately or in excess. In this research, various pesticide residues were investigated in 48 pepper samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). All samples were collected randomly in two periods of time (September and December) from markets and greengrocers in four provinces (Siirt, Mardin, Diyarbakir, and Batman). Considering the means of the first and second periods, diclofop-methyl had the highest concentration of 29.4 & PLUSMN; 7.7 & mu;g kg-1, and diazinon had the lowest of 21.1 & PLUSMN; 4.6 & mu;g kg-1. Based on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticides specified in the Turkish Food Codex, pyrimethanil, bupirimate, and diclofop-methyl were found to be below the maximum acceptable residue limit, while pyridaphention, dinoseb, diazinon, and pirimiphos-methyl were found to be above the limit. Thus, the current study demonstrated the potential of LC-MS/MS as a crucial technique for accurate measurements and confirmations of pesticides in different pepper varieties.
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    EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM VINEALE L. EXTRACT AND ITS ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS
    (Editura Acad Romane, 2019) Tegin, Ibrahim; Yabalak, Erdal; Sadik, Betul; Fidan, Mehmet
    Allium vineale L. was extensively analysed to determine its radical scavenging activity, chemical composition, total polyphenol content, and elemental composition. The Soxhlet and the subcritical water extraction methods were performed for the extraction procedure. The extracts obtained in the subcritical water extraction method were evaluated by GC-MS. 11 compounds were determined according to mass spectral libraries of GC-MS, Wiley7Nist05.L, NIST05a.L, W9N11.L. The obtained compounds were evaluated for their benefits on health according to literature. DPPH inhibition of Allium vineale L. was obtained as 58.60 % and the total polyphenol content of Allium vineale L. was obtained as 12 mu g/mL gallic acid equivalent. 28 elements were obtained in the elemental analysis by ICP-MS, using the microwave digestion procedure. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed for the evaluation of methanolic extract of Allium vineale L. obtained in the Soxhlet extraction method.
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    Evaluation of chemical content and radical scavenging activity of Allium vineale L. Extract and its elemental analysis
    (Editura Academiei Romane, 2019) Tegin, İbrahim; Yabalak, Erdal; Sadik, Betül; Fidan, Mehmet
    Allium vineale L. was extensively analysed to determine its radical scavenging activity, chemical composition, total polyphenol content, and elemental composition. The Soxhlet and the subcritical water extraction methods were performed for the extraction procedure. The extracts obtained in the subcritical water extraction method were evaluated by GC-MS. 11 compounds were determined according to mass spectral libraries of GC-MS, Wiley7Nist05.L, NIST05a.L, W9N11.L. The obtained compounds were evaluated for their benefits on health according to literature. DPPH inhibition of Allium vineale L. was obtained as 58.60 % and the total polyphenol content of Allium vineale L. was obtained as 12 µg/mL gallic acid equivalent. 28 elements were obtained in the elemental analysis by ICP-MS, using the microwave digestion procedure. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed for the evaluation of methanolic extract of Allium vineale L. obtained in the Soxhlet extraction method. © 2019 Editura Academiei Romane. All rights reserved.
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    Exploring Sustainable Pb Recovery from Zinc Plant Residues via Hydrometallurgical Processes: Comparative Analysis of Zinc and Aluminum Powder Cementation
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Holagh, Mohsen Valizadeh; Tegin, Ibrahim; Yabalak, Erdal
    This study explores the recovery and preparation of Pb from Zn plant residues (ZPR), specifically leaching filter cake (LFC), through a hydrometallurgical process that includes the cementation of Pb using Zn and Al powder. The process consists of three key stages: acidic washing of zinc, alkali leaching, and the subsequent cementation of lead using zinc and aluminum powder. The effects of various parameters such as powder amount, temperature, reaction time, and stirring speed on the reaction kinetics were systematically examined. Optimal separation conditions were determined for both zinc and aluminum powder, with Pb cementation achieving 97.56% and 99.95% respectively, under specific conditions. Additionally, a kinetic study was conducted to evaluate the reaction mechanisms and activation energies associated with Pb cementation using zinc and aluminum powder. The results indicated that Pb cementation was powder-controlled in both cases, with reaction activation energies of 8.6 kJ/mol and 4.6 kJ/mol using zinc and aluminum powder, respectively. Furthermore, the use of aluminum powder demonstrated several advantages including enhanced performance, high purity of Pb product, and reduced powder consumption. This research advances the optimization and understanding of Pb recovery processes from ZPR, emphasizing the potential of aluminum powder as a promising alternative for effective lead cementation.
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    Facile modification strategies on hydrochar-based carbon particles with hydrothermal carbonization from green pistachio hulls for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Oc, Sema; Tegin, Ibrahim; Yabalak, Erdal; Saka, Cafer
    The aim of this study is based on the efficient removal of cadmium ions (Cd2+) from aqueous solutions with the adsorbent obtained by various modification strategies on hydrochar-based carbon particles obtained by hydrothermal carbonization from green pistachio hulls as a precursor. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were used to functionalize the surface to increase the adsorption capacity of hydrochar. Maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity from environmental waters by PHHC-NaOH hydrochar at 298 K was found to be 526.31 mg/g. Surface morphology and chemical compositions of hydrochar were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric/differential (TG-DTA) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses. Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties were evaluated in detail. Also, possible mechanisms for Cd2+ binding on modified hydrochar were evaluated.
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    Investigation of the effectiveness of waste nut shell-based hydrochars in water treatment: a model study for the adsorption of methylene blue
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Tegin, Ibrahim; Demirel, Mehmet Ferit; Alacabey, Ihsan; Yabalak, Erdal
    Thousands of tons of walnut and pistachio green outer shells emerge as waste sources. Recycling such wastes in environmental applications is of great importance. In this study, the efficiency of waste walnut and pistachio shell-based hydrochars in removing methylene blue (MB), which represents hazardous chemicals, from the water was investigated. Outer green pistachio shell-based hydrochar (PH) and outer green walnut shell-based hydrochar (WH) were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TG-DTA, and BET analyses. The adsorption of MB was carried out at different concentrations and temperatures using WH and PH, and the adsorption parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich were investigated. The R-2 values of PH were calculated as 0.9963, 0.9974, and 0.9950 and of WH adsorbent were calculated as 0.9759, 0.9939, and 0.9981 for the MB adsorption at 298 K, 313 K, and 323 K, respectively. The separation factor (R-L) values for WH and PH were calculated as 0.1650 >= R-L >= 0.103, 0.1108 >= R-L >= 0.0177, respectively. Both adsorbents fit the Langmuir model. The Delta H degrees values of the WH and PH adsorbents were found to be 37.0940 and 22.2493, respectively. Positive Delta H degrees values indicated that the adsorption was endothermic. The negative Delta G degrees values of both adsorbents indicated a spontaneous adsorption process. It was shown that waste nut shell-based hydrochars can be used effectively in water treatment.
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    Unlocking the potential of Allium dictyoprasum CA Meyer ex Kunth: quantum chemical insights into radical scavenging, chemical composition, phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Tegin, Ibrahim; Yabalak, Erdal; Hallac, Bulent; Sabanci, Nazmiye; Fidan, Mehmet; Sadik, Betul
    Allium dictyoprasum C.A. Meyer ex Kunth (A. dictyoprasum) underwent comprehensive analysis, encompassing quantum chemical computations to assess its radical scavenging potential, chemical and elemental composition, total phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity. Experimental and theoretical investigations focused on elucidating the radical scavenging properties of polyhydroxy phenolic compounds present in the plant. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the antioxidants employed to evaluate selected polyhydroxy phenolic molecules including flavonoids, hydrocinnamic acid derivatives, and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from natural sources. Thermochemical parameters of these compounds were calculated by the B3LYP/6-311 G++(d,p) level in both gas and solvent phases to elucidate the radical scavenging mechanism including hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). Analysis of A. dictyoprasum extracts obtained via various extraction methods revealed the presence of several major compounds, including dimethyl trisulfide, 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4 H-pyran-4-one, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl palmitate, Methyl oleate, Methyl stearate, (9Z)-9-Octadecenamide. Notably, Malic acid and Quinic acid were identified as major compounds, with concentrations of 43.31 and 17.47 mg kg(-1) extract, respectively, based on LC-MS/MS analysis. The total phenolic content of the extract was measured as 17.83 mg gallic acid/mL, while its free radical scavenging activity was 80.89% per mg/mL. Elemental analysis revealed significant levels of Mg, K, Na, Fe, and P, with minor concentrations of elements such as Ti, Tl, B, and Be. Furthermore, A. dictyoprasum exhibited notable antibacterial activity against various bacteria strains, surpassing the efficacy of some commercial antibiotics. HIGHLIGHTS Quantum chemical calculations of radical scavenging analysis were performed. Thermochemical parameters were calculated by the B3LYP/6-311 G++(d,p) level. Radical scavenging mechanism was evaluated based on HAT, SET-PT and SPLET. Chemical composition of Allium dictyoprasum C.A. Meyer ex Kunth was determined. A. dictyoprasum has a greater antibacterial effects than some commercial antibiotics.
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    Water recovery from pistachio processing plant wastewater using subcritical water oxidation method
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Tegin, Ibrahim; Baytemur, Hulya; Tegin, Firat; Yabalak, Erdal
    This study aims to apply an efficient and environmentally friendly subcritical water oxidation (SWO) method for the treatment of pistachio processing plant wastewater (PPPW). The effects of temperature (336.2-399.8 K), the concentration of H2O2 (0.08-0.92 M) and treatment time (6.4-73.6 min) on the oxidation of PPPW were investigated using the SWO method and experimental parameters were optimized using the response surface method. While the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was obtained as 53.8% in 73.6 min at 373 K using 0.5 M of H2O2, the highest obtained total phenol (TP) and color removals were 92.80%, and 99.6%, respectively, in 20 min at 373 K using 0.75 M of H2O2. R-2 values of COD, TP and color removal models were 0.9694, 0.9868 and 0.9649, respectively, and F values of the models were 35.24, 82.86 and 30.54, in the same order. In the vast majority of the experimental samples, the concentrations of nitrate, total phosphate, total nitrogen and suspended solids were found to be decreased while the nitrite concentration was increased after the SWO process. The effectiveness of SWO in water recovery from PPPW was demonstrated by the high, COD, TP and color removal values obtained.