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    AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF ASTAXANTHIN ON ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2022) Uyar, A.; Akkoyun, H. T.; Bengu, A. S.; Akkoyun, M. B.; Keles, O. f.; Atcali, T.; Melek, S.
    This experimental study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the prevention of skeletal muscle injury resulting from lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Twenty-eight (250-300g) male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, I/R, I/R+AST and AST. In the control group, only anesthesia was induced for 2 h without I/R. In the I/R group, 2 h of reperfusion was facilitated following ischemia under anesthesia. For the I/R+AST group, 7 days prior to ischemia, 125 mg/kg AST was given through a gavage, and 2 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were facilitated under anesthesia. At the end of the study, blood and gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples were taken for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Compared to the control group, there were increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in the I/R group (p??0.001). Degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, loss of striation, interfibrillar and interfascicular edema were seen in the histopathological examination of the skeletal muscles in the I/R group. These histopathological findings were minimal in the I/R+AST group. In the immunohistochemical examination of muscle tissue with the GPx1 primary antibody, a mild degree of GPx1 reactivity was observed in the I/R group, and a moderate degree of GPx1 reactivity was seen in the I/R+AST group. As a result, the strong ameliorative effect of AST on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its complications on skeletal muscles was demonstrated by biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.
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    Protective effect of astaxanthin in the lung injury caused by ischemia reperfusion of the lower extremities
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2019) Akkoyun, H.T.; Uyar, A.; Bengu, A.Ş.; Bayramoglu Akkoyun, M.; Arihan, O.; Keleş, Ö.F.
    Pathological and biochemical alterations due to lower extremity (I/R) damage and protective effects of astaxanthine (AST) were investigated. Rats were divided into four groups. GI-Sham group (n=7):Anesthesia without (I/R)(2hours);GII-I/R (n=7): 2 hours of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion under anesthesia; Group III-AST(n=7): Rats were subchronically orally administered for 7 days at 125 mg/kg astaxanthin (AST) and then anesthetized (2hours) without ischemia; GIV-I/R+AST (n=7): 7 days prior to ischemia rats were subchronically orally administered 125 mg/kg astaxanthin (AST) and then 2 hours of ischemia and reperfusion under anesthesia; Then lung tissues were investigated for MDA,GSH and histopathology. An increase in MDA and a decrease in GSH was observed I/R administered group compared to control. Histopathological evaluations showed intense congestion in pulmonary veins and alveolar septum and partial alveolar macrophage and erythrocyte accumulation and edema was observed in lumens of some bronchioles and alveoli in the second and fourth group compared control. Second group (3.41) damage score had high significance compared to control (p?0.001). Fourth group damage score (0.92) was indifferent from control but significantly different from I/R group (p?0.001). As a result; The protective effect of AST has been demonstrated by biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects. © 2019, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved.
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    PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ASTAXANTHIN IN THE LUNG INJURY CAUSED BY ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2019) Akkoyun, H. T.; Uyar, A.; Bengu, A. S.; Akkoyun, M. Bayramoglu; Arihan, O.; Keles, O. F.
    Pathological and biochemical alterations due to lower extremity (I/R) damage and protective effects of astaxanthine (AST) were investigated. Rats were divided into four groups. GI-Sham group (n=7):Anesthesia without (I/R)(2hours);GII-I/R (n=7) : 2 hours of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion under anesthesia; Group III-AST(n=7): Rats were subchronically orally administered for 7 days at 125 mg/kg astaxanthin (AST) and then anesthetized (2hours) without ischemia; GIV-I/R+AST (n=7) : 7 days prior to ischemia rats were subchronically orally administered 125 mg/kg astaxanthin (AST) and then 2 hours of ischemia and reperfusion under anesthesia; Then lung tissues were investigated for MDA,GSH and histopathology. An increase in MDA and a decrease in GSH was observed I/R administered group compared to control. Histopathological evaluations showed intense congestion in pulmonary veins and alveolar septum and partial alveolar macrophage and erythrocyte accumulation and edema was observed in lumens of some bronchioles and alveoli in the second and fourth group compared control. Second group (3.41) damage score had high significance compared to control (p <= 0.001). Fourth group damage score (0.92) was indifferent from control but significantly different from I/R group (p <= 0.001). As a result; The protective effect of AST has been demonstrated by biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects.