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    Foliar Application of Phosphorus Enhances Photosynthesis and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize under Drought Stress
    (Tech Science Press, 2021) Ahmad, Zahoor; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Rehman, Muhammad Zia ur; Ayub, Muhammad Ashar; Usman, Muhammad; Alharby, Hesham; Bamagoos, Atif
    Water is essential for the growth period of crops; however, water unavailability badly affects the growth and physiological attributes of crops, which considerably reduced the yield and yield components in crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar phosphorus (P) on morphological, gas exchange, biochemical traits, and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under normal as well as water deficit situations at the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2014. Two different treatments (control and P @ 8 kg ha(-1)) and four hybrids (Hycorn, 31P41, 65625, and 32B33) of maize were tested by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that the water stress caused a remarkable decline in total soluble protein (9.7%), photosynthetic rate (9.4%) and transpiration rate (13.4%), stomatal conductance (10.2%), and internal CO2 rate (20.4%) comparative to well-watered control. An increase of 37.1%, 36.8%, and 24.5% were recorded for proline, total soluble sugar, and total free amino acid, respectively. However, foliar P application minimized the negative impact of drought by improving plant growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and PUE in maize plants under water stress conditions. Among the hybrids tested, the hybrid 6525 performed better both under stress and non-stress conditions. These outcomes confirmed that the exogenous application of P improved drought stress tolerance by modulating growth, physio-biochemical attributes, and PUE of maize hybrids.
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    Numerical solutions of fractional Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid through a porous medium for a vertical surface
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Asjad, Muhammad Imran; Usman, Muhammad; Kaleem, Muhammad Mudassar; Akgul, Ali
    In this article , a mathematical model is developed inview of Caputo fractional derivative for Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid via a porous medium over a vertical surface. Nano-sized particles of Copper (Cu) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) are used to prepare a hybrid nanofluid taking water as a base fluid. The nonlinear governing equations of the problem are transformed into a dimensionless form using a dimensional analysis. A finite difference scheme is developed and applied successfully to get the numerical solutions of a deliberated problem. The influence of different physical parameters on the fluid velocity profile and temperature profile is analyzed briefly. The fractional parameter plays the role of controlling agent of thermal and momentum boundary layers. The fluid temperature boosted for ascending values of Eckert number Ec and similar behavior of temperature profile is observed for volume fraction parameter of nanoparticles phi. It can also be noticed that the extended finite difference scheme is an efficient tool and gives accurate results of the considered problem. It can be extended for more numerous types of heat transfer problems arising in physical science with complex geometries.