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    Bryonia multiflora Extract Induces Autophagy via Regulating Long Non-coding RNAs in Breast Cancer Cells
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Tokgun, Onur; Tokgun, Pervin Elvan; Turel, Samet; Inal, Behcet; Inci, Kubilay; Tan, Secil; Can Alvur, Ozge
    Bryonia multiflora, one of the species of Bryonia L. (Cucurbitaceae) genus, is a perennial, dioecious, herbaceous plant with rhizome-shaped roots. Bryonia species have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, etc., activities and their components consume antitumoral effects. Purpose of the study to investigate the effect of Bryonia Multiflora extract (BMST) on breast cancer cells. Our results revealed that MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells underwent significant morphological changes leading to cell rounding. No significant changes were observed in the cell viability by MTT. Acridine orange staining of our cells gave rise to think that BMST might lead our cells to autophagy. Therefore, possible molecular mechanisms underlying morphological changes such as autophagy (LC-3B, Beclin, AMBRA1) and apoptosis (Bcl-2) were evaluated on mRNA and protein levels. BMST treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells had increased levels of autophagy markers whereas decreased levels of Bcl-2. p21 levels were also found to be increased in both cells. Analysis of lncRNA expressions has shown that BMST treatment led to changes in the expression levels of several lncRNAs playing roles in autophagy. The current study has shown that BMST induces autophagy in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via regulating the lncRNAs revealing that BMST could be a promising therapeutic agent.
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    Novel ruthenium and palladium complexes as potential anticancer molecules on SCLC and NSCLC cell lines
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2020) Tokgun, Onur; Karakas, Duygu Elma; Tan, Semih; Karagur, Ege Riza; Inal, Behcet; Akca, Hakan; Durap, Feyyaz
    Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive subtype of lung cancer. Proper therapies for SCLC have not yet been developed. However, new molecules have been designed and big innovation in treating SCLC has been achieved. Platinum-based antitumor drugs like cisplatin and carboplatin have several disadvantages including side effects, cisplatin-resistant tumors and limited solubility in aqueous media. Thus, two novel chiral aminoalcohol-based bis(phosphinite) ligands containing (eta(6)-p-cymene)-Ru(II)-phosphinite and bis(phosphinite)-Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity. In this study, the results showed that complex1has the strongest cytotoxic effects on SCLC and NSCLC cell lines. On the other hand, cisplatin, ruthenium and palladium complexes are capable to induce apoptosis. Especially, complexes1and2can induce apoptosis for both SCLC and NSCLC. When compared to the qRT-PCR and TUNEL results, we obtained a significant correlation between apoptotic index and p21, Bax gene expressions. This work revealed the potential of the synthesized complexes as anticancer agents with cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity as leading compounds for further anticancer researches.