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    Unravelling wetland connectivity: a comparative analysis of landscape structure and connectivity between natural and unnatural (artificial) wetlands in Van Sub-basin
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Sutunc, Huriye Simten
    This study compares natural and artificial wetlands in T & uuml;rkiye's Van sub-basin, exploring human impacts on landscape connectivity and species diversity. It examines how habitat fragmentation affects species isolation and long-term viability, involving 14 natural and 9 artificial wetlands to improve conservation strategies. A four-stage methodology was used to analyze wetland connectivity. First, focal nodes and resistance surfaces were defined using Corine 2018 data and topographic wetness index (TWI). Second, resistance maps were created. Third, habitat fragmentation was assessed using Fragstats software, analysing metrics like PLAND, and CONNECT. Finally, connectivity was modeled using Circuitscape software. The study revealed that natural wetlands, despite their dominance (PLAND = 89.89% for lakes), did not ensure effective connectivity. Artificial wetlands often served as crucial connectivity points, with a cumulative current value of 0.99. Land cover characteristics significantly impacted connectivity, with agricultural and forest areas promoting better connectivity. The combined analysis showed a slight increase in connectivity value (4.01687) compared to natural wetlands alone (4.01654) but a substantial increase (305%) compared to artificial wetlands alone. Artificial wetlands significantly contribute to landscape connectivity, particularly in areas with heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. Effective conservation should consider both wetland types and focus on enhancing connectivity across landscapes to mitigate habitat fragmentation and support resilient ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of integrated approaches, as the combined natural and artificial wetland network improved overall landscape connectivity by 0.0082% compared to natural wetlands alone.
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    Use of Centrality Metrics to Protect Wildlife Ecology and Habitat Connectivity Analysis
    (Kastamonu Univ, 2021) Sutunc, Huriye Simten
    Aim of study: Aim of this study was to conduct a habitat connectivity analysis using centrality metrics to protect the regional wildlife-habitat connections of the Siirt landscape, and to ensure the continuity of ecological flows in the landscape. Area of study: Increasing urbanisation trend in recent years and human impact on natural resources cause the diversity in Siirt landscape to be negatively affected. Centrality metrics were sampled in Siirt landscape in terms of re-establishing and maintaining the connectivity in the landscape. Material and methods: Environmental Plan was used to define the core areas. Land cover/land uses were digitised using Geographical Information Systems. Firstly, landscape connectivity corridors defined with least-cost-path and secondly, current flow centrality was used with circuit theory. Main results: The core area with the strongest flow centrality was forest, with a value of 14.6, and the core area with the weakest flow centrality was marsh at 8.23. The core areas that establish the easiest and strongest connection with each other are wetland-pasture, pasture-geologically reserved area, and pasture ecological area. Highlights: The greater the distance between core areas, the weaker the degree of connectivity between species and habitats. Increasing the distance between core areas negatively affects the ecological flow.