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Öğe Annexins: A family of calcium binding proteins with variety of roles in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance(Elsevier, 2024) Faizan, Mohammad; Ashoka, Hadagali; Karabulut, Fadime; Alam, Pravej; Ahmed, S. Maqbool; Khan, Ira; Soysal, SipanPlant annexins are a multigene family of phospholipid-binding, calcium-dependent proteins that respond to signals and environmental challenges as plants grow and develop. Plant annexins are functionally unique due to their ATPase/GTPase, peroxidase, and calcium (Ca2+) channel-regulating activities. They play a major role in controlling many different aspects of cellular and metabolic functions, plant growth and development, and reactions to both biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli. In this review, we provide an overview of how intracellular and extracellular annexins work, mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and annexins, highlight recent developments of the roles of annexins in abiotic stress tolerance in plants, and emphasize the role of annexins in plant growth and development.Öğe Effects of Different Doses of Poultry Manure Application on Yield Components and Yield of Different Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Soysal, SipanBackground: A study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of poultry manure application on the yield and some yield components of faba bean crop under ecological conditions of Siirt province, Southern Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Methods: The study was carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main plots were varieties and the sub-plots were poultry manure doses. At 15 days prior to sowing, 0 (control), 500, 1000, 1500 kg ha ' of poultry manure was spread and mixed with a rake. Result: All observed parameters were effected from poultry manure doses. Application of 1000 kg/ha poultry manure was found superior in terms of yield and yield related parameters. Grain yield was highest at 1000 kg/ha poultry manure application in 2017 and 2018, (2119 kg/ha and 2083 kg/ha, respectively). Salim variety was superior in terms of grain yield and most of the other parameters. Both varieties were yielded higher and most of the parameters were higher in 2017 compared to 2018. As a result of the study, cropping Salkim faba bean variety with 1000 kg/ha poultry manure application in South Eastern Anatolia or similar ecologies was proposed for higher grain yields.Öğe Effects of Doses and Different Applications of Salicylic Acid on Salinity Stress and Plant Growth in Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.)(2024) Uçar, Özge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, Murat; Çığ, Fatih; Önder, SonerThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different application methods and doses of salicylic acid on the first developmental stages of broad beans grown under salt stress. The experiment was carried out in the plant growth cabinet at Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops laboratory. During the investigation, the temperature of the working environment was kept at 25±3 °C. Plants were grown in 16 hours of light and 8 hours in the dark period. Three salt concentrations (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and three salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) were applied to the plants through soil and leaves. As a pre-application, 0.5 mM SA and hydropriming were used. According to the results, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, stem height, root lenght, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and total chlorophyll content varied between 63.33-86.67%, 0.97-2.51, 3.60-6.28 day, 36.11-39.47 cm, 27.50-30.57 cm, 4.404-6.623 g, 0.473-0.555 g, 2.813-3.400 g, 2.813-3.400 g, 0.300-0.396 g and 41.0-50.6%, respectively. While salinity levels did not have a significant impact on germination characteristics, hydropriming application improved germination characteristics, but salicylic acid application had a negative effect. However, it has been observed that salicylic acid applications increase seedling development and dry matter accumulation and promote plant growth under salinity stress. As a result, it has been observed that the application of 0.5 mM salicylic acid is a useful application to improve salinity stress and promote plant growth in broad bean.Öğe Effects of Leonardite Application on Yield of Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.) under Low Input Rainfed Semi-arid Mediterranean Highland Condition of Turkey(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Ucar, Ozge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, MuratBackground: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of leonardite applications on yield and some yield components of spring grown broad beans (Vicia faba L.) in the ecological conditions of Siirt province in 2017 and 2019 in the experimental fields of Siirt University. Methods: The study was established in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tested leonardite doses were 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 kg ha(-1). Conclusion: The effect of leonardite doses on all of the investigated properties was found statistically significant. According to the results, plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 grain weight and grain yields were varied between 45.7-61.3 cm, 10.1-13.2 cm, 5.03-8.00 pieces per plant, 2.63-4.03 pieces per pod, 115.6-131.7 g and 1659-1808 kg ha(-1), respectively. In terms of all examined properties in this research, 1000 kg ha(-1) leonardite application produced the best result. According to the results obtained from this research, 1000 kg ha(-1) leonardite application was recommended for broad bean cultivation in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions on highlands.Öğe Enhancement of Root System Architecture, Seedling Growth, and Germination in Lentil under Salinity Stress by Seed Priming with Silicon and Salicylic Acid(Hard, 2023) Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Ceritoglu, Figen; Ucar, Ozge; Soysal, Sipan; EL Sabagh, AymanTo deal with increasing salinization, plants show an array of responses such as root system architecture remodelling, thereby enhancing stress tolerance. Although various chemical, molecular and genetic techniques such that generally expensive and difficult applications are used to enhance stress tolerance, out of them, seed priming with suitable substrates is an easy-applicable and cost-effective treatment. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA), silicon (Si), and sodium chloride (NaCl) priming on lentil seed germination parameters, seedling development, and root system architecture. In 2022, the experiment was carried out in the Field Crops Department laboratory at Siirt University in Turkey. Petri and pot investigations were part of the two stages of the experiment. Three concentrations of NaCl and priming treatments were utilized. Germination characteristics were impeded by rising saline levels. But seed priming, which boosted uniformity of germination by 50% as compared to unprimed seeds under saline stress, enhanced germination characteristics. A pot experiment revealed that the dry matter accumulation in roots was reduced by 24.6% due to salt stress. Si priming increased number of lateral roots by 32.6% compared to control seeds, whereas salt stress lowered it by 22.8%. The total length of lateral roots (TLLR) and mean length of lateral roots (MLLR) were inhibited by salinity stress by 75% and 63, respectively. Total root area was reduced by salinity stress by almost 70%, although seed priming increased it by as much as 29.3%. The SA and Si priming treatments improved germination stage and induced seedling growth by reducing salinity stress via more effective shoot development and root system architecture. In conclusion, seed priming with SA and Si is an affordable and sustainable method for reducing salt stress in lentil farming.Öğe Farklı Leonardit Dozlarının Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’un Verim veBazı Verim Özelliklerine Etkileri(2020) Uçar, Özge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, MuratBu çalışma Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarında leonardit uygulamalarının nohutun verim ve bazı verim özelliklerine etkilerini belirlemeküzere 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Denemedenohut tohumu olarak Azkan çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Leonardit dozları 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ve 125 kg da-1 olacak şekilde uygulamayapılmıştır. Araştırmada uygulamaların bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100-tane ağırlığı vetane verimi özelliklerine etkileri istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bitki boyu 51,0-57,5 cm, ilkbakla yüksekliği 27,9-33,1 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 30,2-34,2 adet $bitki^{-1}$ , bitkide tane sayısı 33,2-37,9 adet $bitki^{-1}$ , 100-tane ağırlığı31,2-35,4 g ve tane verimi ise 169,7-208,2 kg $da^{-1}$ arasında değişim göstermiştir. İncelenen tüm özellikler açısından çalışmanın ikiyılında da 100 kg $da^{-1}$ leonardit uygulaması en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre Siirt ili ekolojikkoşullarında nohut tarımında 100 kg $da^{-1}$ leonardit kullanılması önerilmektedir.Öğe Response of maize (Zea mays L.) on yield, physiology and stomatal behaviour under two different elevated CO2 concentrations. Do these anatomical changes affect the physiology of the C4 crop plant under high CO2 conditions?(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2024) Khan, Ira; Vanaja, Maddi; Sathish, Poldasari; Faizan, Mohammad; Soysal, Sipan; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Djalovic, IvicaRising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is a matter of global concern and poses apprehension about how plants will adapt to the changing environment. Various studies have proved that under high CO2 levels, plant physiology alters and affects plant functioning. However, under elevated CO2, the stomatal characters and their relation with physiological responses are still not yet clear. To find out these changes in the stomatal parameters at ambient and two elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700 ppm) levels, four genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) viz. DHM-117, Harsha, Varun and M-24 were grown in open-top chambers. In the study, it was observed that the stomatal density increased, stomatal size altered, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased under elevated CO2 (eCO2) while photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), yield and biomass, of which especially the reproductive biomass increased. Under eCO2, stomatal and physiological changes were genotypic and CO2 concentration specific. Increased stomatal density at eCO2 was mainly due to increased abaxial stomatal density. The improved Pn and reduced Tr at 550 ppm improved the WUE in the plants, while this response was not observed at 700 ppm. These results elucidate that this C4 crop responded positively to up to 550 ppm of CO2 concentrations, and beyond this, the impact was minimal.Öğe Screening of lentil genotypes during germination and early growth stages under PEG-induced drought stress(Inst Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Inia, 2024) Cig, Fatih; Erman, Murat; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Soysal, Sipan; Ucar, Ozge; Ceritoglu, FigenThe objective of this experiment was to determine drought tolerance exhibited by lentil lines developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in an artificial environment, and to investigate the relationships between traits with various methods. This experiment examined 15 traits of 21 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions grown under artificial drought stress created with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 (0%, 10%, 15% and 20%) concentrations during germination and early seedling stages. Germination characteristics, seedling developmental properties and root system architecture traits were investigated to observed the impacts of drought stress. The originality lies in enabling the identification of drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes through a brief and practical research method, while shedding light on the key traits by principal component analysis. The first two PCs explained 22.9% and 31.7% (total 54.6%) under optimal conditions while they described 14% and 58.3% (total 72.3%) under PEG-induced drought conditions, respectively. Variation in PC1 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of germination index, uniformity of germination and germination energy, and negative coefficients of mean germination time. Variation in PC2 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of seedling vigor index, root fresh weight and root dry weight. 'Tigris', G3664 and G3840 exhibited higher performance in terms of germination characteristics, while G3710, G3829 and G3840 produced higher DM accumulation, total biomass and lateral roots. Overall, PC-biplot denoted that selection based on germination index and seedling vigor index at germination and seedling stages would improve drought tolerance. In conclusion, genotypes G3840 and G3664 were identified as drought-tolerant, whereas genotypes G35, G3659, G3759, G3837, and G3844 were classified as drought-sensitive. In addition, G3664, G3840 and G3710 exhibited the highest stress tolerance index (STI) under artificial drought conditions.Öğe Siirt Ekolojik Koşullarında Katı Solucan Gübresi Uygulamalarının Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’un Verim ve Verim Özelliklerine Etkileri(2020) Uçar, Özge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, MuratBu çalışma 2017-2018 yıllarında Siirt ekolojik koşullarında katı solucan gübresi uygulamalarının nohutun verim ve verim özelliklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada Azkan çeşidi nohut tohumu kullanılmıştır. Katı solucan gübresi dozları 0, 30, 60, 90 ve 120 kg da-1 olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, 100-tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre bitki boyu 52.7-59.0 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 31.0-34.3 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 32.9-36.8 adet bitki-1, baklada tane sayısı 35.1-38.8 adet bakla-1, 100-tane ağırlığı 31.8-36.1 g ve tane verimi ise 171.5-205.7 kg da-1 arasında değişim göstermiştir. İncelenen tüm özellikler bakımından 120 kg da-1 katı solucan gübresi uygulaması en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarında nohut yetiştiriciliğinde 120 kg da-1 katı solucan gübresi kullanılması tavsiye edilmektedir.Öğe Siirt ekolojik koşullarında mikrobiyolojik ve inorganik gübrelemenin nohut (cicer arietinum l.)'un verim, verim öğeleri ve nodülasyonu üzerine etkileri(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2020) Soysal, Sipan; Erman, MuratSiirt ekolojik koşullarında mikrobiyolojik ve inorganik gübrelemenin nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)' un verim, verim öğeleri ve nodülasyonu üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak 2016-2017 ve 2017-2018 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada simbiyotik bakteri olarak Mesorhizobium ciceri, asimbiyotik bakteri olarak azot bağlayıcı Basillus atrophaeus, fosfat çözücü olarak Basillus GC-group ve inorganik gübre olarak DAP gübresi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, ana dal sayısı, yan dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi, bitkide nodül sayısı, nodül yaş ağırlığı, nodül kuru ağırlığı, tane protein oranı, protein verimi, tane fosfor içeriği, tane potasyum içeriği, tane nem oranı ve tanede toplam kuru madde oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, bitki boyu 52.1-59.3 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 32.0-38.0 cm, ana dal sayısı 2.46-3.36 adet/bitki, yan dal sayısı 4.03-5.90 adet/bitki, bitkide bakla sayısı 16.0-35.3 adet/bitki, bitkide tane sayısı 14.7-33.1 adet/bitki, 100 tane ağırlığı 30.3-34.2 g, tane verimi 86.0-174.0 kg/da, biyolojik verim 247.7-613.7 kg/da, hasat indeksi %26.3-34.8, bitkide nodül sayısı 28.3-44.6 adet/bitki, nodül yaş ağırlığı 1.504-2.507 g, nodül kuru ağırlığı 0.235-0.443 g, tane protein oranı %22.3-25.6, protein verimi 21.2-40.4 kg/da, tane fosfor içeriği %0.43-0.71, tane potasyum içeriği %0.96-1.58, tane nem oranı %4.02-6.01 ve tanede toplam kuru madde oranı %93.98-95.97 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Araştırma sonucunda en yüksek tane verimi Bacillus atrophaeus (N)+ DAP %50 uygulamasında 174.0 kg/da olarak elde edilmiştir.Öğe Siirt İli Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Sıra Arası ve Sıra ÜzeriMesafelerin Bakla (Vicia faba L.)’nın Verim ve Bazı VerimÖzelliklerine Etkileri(2020) Soysal, Sipan; Uçar, Özge; Erman, MuratBu çalışma Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarında 2018-2019 yıllarında farklı sıra arası ve sıra üzeri mesafelerin baklanın verim ve bazı verimözelliklerine etkilerini belirlemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlüolarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada bakla tohumu olarak Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından tescil ettirilen Salkım çeşidikullanılmıştır. Sıra arası mesafeler (25, 50 ve 75 cm), sıra üzeri mesafeler ise (15 ve 25 cm) olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Tohumlarınekimleri (25 cm x15 cm), (25 cm x 25 cm), (50 cm x 15 cm), (50 cm x 25 cm), (75 cm x 15cm) ve (75 cm x 25 cm) olacak şekildeyapılmıştır. Denemelerde bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100-tane ağırlığı ve tane verimiözellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bitki boyu 53,4-61,3 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 12,1-17,6 cm, bitkide baklasayısı 4,8-7,8 adet $bitki^{-1}$ , bitkide tane sayısı 18,8-25,6 adet $bitki^{-1}$ , 100-tane ağırlığı 123,0-126,3 g ve tane verimi ise 175,1-187,3 kgda-1 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında gözlemlenen bütün özellikler bakımından 25 cm sıra arası, 15 cm sıra üzerimesafede bakla yetiştirilmesiyle en yüksek sonuçları alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarında tane verimini artırmakamacıyla bakla tarımında en uygun sıra arası mesafenin 25 cm, sıra üzeri mesafenin ise 15 cm olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Synergistic application of melatonin and silicon oxide nanoparticles modulates reactive oxygen species generation and the antioxidant defense system: a strategy for cadmium tolerance in rice(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Faisal, Mohammad; Faizan, Mohammad; Soysal, Sipan; Alatar, Abdulrahman A.Unfavorable environmental conditions pose a major barrier to sustainable agriculture. Among the various innovative strategies developed to protect plants from abiotic stress, the use of phytohormones and nanoparticles as stress mitigators has emerged as one of the most important and promising approaches. The objective of this study was to observe the protective role of melatonin (Mel) and silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO-NPs) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress. Rice seedlings have reduced growth and phytochemical attributes when grown in Cd-contaminated (0.8 mM) pots. Seedlings under Cd stress had 38% less shoot length (SL), 53% total soluble sugar (TSS) and 57% protein content. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased by 51%, 37% and 34%, respectively, under Cd stress. Beside this, activities such as peroxidase (POX) also elevated in the plants subjected with Cd-stress. In contrast, Mel (100 mu m) as foliar spray and SiO-NPs (100 mg/L) as root dipping reduced oxidative stress in rice seedlings under Cd stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, the application of Mel and/or SiO-NPs significantly increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes that scavenge ROS. The combined application of SiO-NPs and Mel increased growth, gas exchange and photosynthetic attributes, chlorophyll value, and protein content. It causes alleviation in the activity of SOD, CAT and POX by 73%, 62% and 65%, respectively. Overall, this study findings show that Mel and/or SiO-NPs can potentially protect the rice crop against oxidative damage under Cd stress.Öğe Unraveling the nano-biochar mediated regulation of heavy metal stress tolerance for sustaining plant health(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Faizan, Mohammad; Alam, Pravej; Kumari, Asha; Suresh, Gali; Sharma, Priyanka; Karabulut, Fadime; Soysal, SipanHeavy metal (HM) toxicity of agricultural soils poses a major risk to plant health, human life, and global food chain. Crop output and health are negatively impacted when HM levels in agricultural soils reach hazardous points. The nano-biochar (nano-BC) mediated stress tolerance has attracted growing scientific interest because biochar has the potential to be a novel and sustainable solution that may be actively included into the development of sustainable agriculture and food production. At present, biochar is extensively employed as a powerful tool to enhance sustainable agriculture with minimal impact on ecosystems and the environment. Nano-BC offers improved surface area, adsorption and mobility properties in soil compared to traditional fertilizers. Furthermore, nano-BC may prove to be the most practical substitute for traditional waste management techniques because of its affordability, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. In this review, we examine the application of nano-BC in the regulation of HM stress tolerance for improving plant growth and development. We focus on the impact of HMs impact on crop productivity, nano-BC amendments, their application, and production. The article also explores the nano-BC risk and toxicity. Through the perspective of multidisciplinary research, this work highlights the significance of nano-BC as cutting-edge tools in the field of agriculture, igniting a paradigm shift toward sustainable and stress-resilient farming systems. © 2024 The Author(s)Öğe Variations in protein, gluten, Zeleny sedimentation and yield of certain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different climatic conditions(Springer, 2024) Yilmaz, Hilal; Karatas, Rufayi; Demirel, Fatih; Soysal, Sipan; Turkoglu, Aras; Yilmaz, Abdurrahim; Ciftci, VahdettinWheat stands as one of the few crops globally that continues to grow in strategic importance, boasting a cultivation history as ancient as humanity itself. Renowned for its essential role in the human diet, wheat grain provides not only starch and energy but also protein, gluten, and other valuable health-promoting components. This study assessed the yield and quality traits of wheat varieties in the Erzincan and Erzurum regions, conducted without irrigation over the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. The findings indicated that the Erzincan region exhibited statistically superior outcomes in terms of grain yield (25.72 kg ha-1), wet gluten ratio (26.86%), and protein content (12.51%). Specifically, the Ekiz variety in Erzincan province achieved the highest grain yield (26.28 kg ha-1), while the Pehlivan variety led in Erzurum with a yield of 22.94 kg ha-1. Multivariate analyses highlighted significant influences of weather conditions and crop maturity on the protein and gluten contents. Consequently, the study provided critical insights into the selection of wheat varieties for cultivation in both regions and the responsiveness of these traits to varying climatic conditions.Öğe Yield of Spring Grown Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Different Doses of Soil Applied Phosphorus in An Agroecology of Semi-arid Highlands with Mediterranean Climate(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Soysal, SipanBackground: This study was carried out to determine the effects of different phosphorus doses on the flowering, yield and yield components of spring grown chickpea crop under the ecological conditions of Siirt province in the experimental field of Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department during two seasons in 2018 and 2019. Methods: The study was carried out in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Before planting, 140 kg ha(-1) of DAP fertilizer (18.46.0) was spreaded and incorporated into the soil with a rake. Following emergence of plants, TSP fertilizer (0.42.0) was spreaded to the plots at doses of 0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha(-1 )P(2)O(5) into the mellow humid soil. Result: All observed parameters were effected from phosphorus application doses. Based on different P doses, two years' average plant height, first pod height; main branch number, flower number per plant, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, 100 grain weight and grain yield values were determined as 51,25-55,91 cm; 29,17-35,98 cm; 2,10-2,97 piece plant(-1) ; 39,00-57,86 piece plant(-1); 18,87-27,92 piece plant(-1); 18,00-27,33 piece plant(-1); 29,92-33,41 g and 969-1565 kg had, respectively. Highest values for all parameters were obtained from 60 kg ha(-1) P2O5 but further dose (60 kg he P2O5) resulted with reduction from top values for all parameters.Öğe Yüksekova Havzasında Nohutta (Cicer arietinum L.) Sorun Olan Yabancı Ot Türlerin Yoğunluk ve Rastlama Sıklığının Araştırılması(2024) Sırrı, Mesut; Soysal, SipanBaklagiller, bilhassa toprak verimliliğini artırmaları ve bitki koruma sorunlarının çözümüne katkıları yönüyle, kurak ve yarı kurak iklim bölgelerinde vazgeçilmez münavebe bitkileri arasında yer almaktadırlar. Bu nedenle yazın kurak geçen iklimi ve oldukça kısa olan vejetasyon dönemi nedeniyle Yüksekova Havzasında tarımsal sürdürülebilirlik için nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) başta olmak üzere baklagil bitkilerinin yaygınlaştırılması bir zorunluluk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Diğer kültür bitkilerinde olduğu gibi baklagil kültür bitkilerinde de verimi etkileyen sorunların başında yabancı otlar gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, Yüksekova Havzasında 50 nohut tarlasında yabancı ot tür, yoğunluk ve rastlama sıklığının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda 18 farklı familyaya dahil toplam 37 yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen yabancı otların 1’inin tohumsuz, 4’ünün monokotiledon, 32’sinin ise dikotiledon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yüksekova Havzasında ortalama yabancı ot yoğunluğunun 12.84 adet/m2 olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma alanında tespit edilen yabancı ot yoğunluğunun yüksekten düşüğe doğru sıralaması; Convolvulus arvensis L. (2.56 adet/m2), Xanthium strumarium L. (1.38 adet/m2), Sinapis arvensis L. (1.28 adet/m2) ve Chenopodium album L. (1.08 adet/m2) ve en sık rastlanan türlerin sırasıyla; Convolvulus arvensis L. (%64.71), Sinapis arvensis L. (%45.10), Xanthium strumarium L. (%35.29), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (%33.33) ve Cichorium intybus L. (% 31.37) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları ve alanda yapılan gözlemler Yüksekova havzasında yabancı otların verimi etkileyen nohut üretimini sınırlandıran önemli faktörlerden biri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
