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    A fractal-fractional sex structured syphilis model with three stages of infection and loss of immunity with analysis and modeling
    (Elsevier, 2023) Farman, Muhammad; Shehzad, Aamir; Akgul, Ali; Hincal, Evren; Baleanu, Dumitru; El Din, Sayed M.
    Treponema pallidum, a spiral-shaped bacterium, is responsible for the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Millions of people in less developed countries are getting the disease despite the accessibility of effective preventative methods like condom use and effective and affordable treatment choices. The disease can be fatal if the patient does not have access to adequate treatment. Prevalence has hovered between endemic levels in industrialized countries for decades and is currently rising. Using the Mittag-Leffler kernel, we develop a fractal-fractional model for the syphilis disease. Qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the fractional order system are performed. Also, fixed point theory and the Lipschitz condition are used to fulfill the criteria for the existence and uniqueness of the exact solution. We illustrate the system's Ulam-Hyers stability for disease-free and endemic equilibrium. The analytical solution is supported by numerical simulations that show how the dynamics of the spread of syphilis within the population are influenced by fractional-order derivatives. The outcomes show that the suggested methods are effective in delivering better results. Overall, this research helps to develop more precise and comprehensive approaches to understanding and regulating syphilis disease transmission and progression.
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    A mathematical fractal-fractional model to control tuberculosis prevalence with sensitivity, stability, and simulation under feasible circumstances
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Farman, Muhammad; Shehzad, Aamir; Nisar, Kottakkaran Sooppy; Hincal, Evren; Akgul, Ali
    Background: Tuberculosis, a global health concern, was anticipated to grow to 10.6 million new cases by 2021, with an increase in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Despite 1.6 million deaths in 2021, present treatments save millions of lives, and tuberculosis may overtake COVID-19 as the greatest cause of mortality. This study provides a six-compartmental deterministic model that employs a fractal–fractional operator with a power law kernel to investigate the impact of vaccination on tuberculosis dynamics in a population. Methods: Some important characteristics, such as vaccination and infection rate, are considered. We first show that the suggested model has positive bounded solutions and a positive invariant area. We evaluate the equation for the most important threshold parameter, the basic reproduction number, and investigate the model's equilibria. We perform sensitivity analysis to determine the elements that influence tuberculosis dynamics. Fixed-point concepts show the presence and uniqueness of a solution to the suggested model. We use the two-step Newton polynomial technique to investigate the effect of the fractional operator on the generalized form of the power law kernel. Results: The stability analysis of the fractal–fractional model has been confirmed for both Ulam–Hyers and generalized Ulam–Hyers types. Numerical simulations show the effects of different fractional order values on tuberculosis infection dynamics in society. According to numerical simulations, limiting contact with infected patients and enhancing vaccine efficacy can help reduce the tuberculosis burden. The fractal–fractional operator produces better results than the ordinary integer order in the sense of memory effect at diffract fractal and fractional order values. Conclusion: According to our findings, fractional modeling offers important insights into the dynamic behavior of tuberculosis disease, facilitating a more thorough comprehension of their epidemiology and possible means of control. © 2024
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    Analysis of a fractional order Bovine Brucellosis disease model with discrete generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels
    (Elsevier, 2023) Farman, Muhammad; Shehzad, Aamir; Akgul, Ali; Baleanu, Dumitru; Attia, Nourhane; Hassan, Ahmed M.
    Bovine Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, can infect cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. It remains a critical issue for both human and animal health in many parts of the world, especially those where livestock is an important source of food and income. An efficient method for monitoring the illness's increasing prevalence and developing low-cost prevention strategies for both its effects and recurrence is brucellosis disease modeling. We create a fractional-order model of Bovine Brucellosis using a discrete modified Atangana-Baleanu fractional difference operator of the Liouville-Caputo type. An analysis of the suggested system's well-posedness and a qualitative investigation are both conducted. The examination of the Volterra-type Lyapunov function for global stability is supported by the first and derivative tests. The Lipschitz condition is also used for the model in order to meet the criterion of the uniqueness of the exact solution. We created an endemic and disease-free equilibrium. Solutions are built in the discrete generalized form of the Mittag-Leffler kernel in order to analyze the effect of the fractional operator with numerical simulations and emphasize the effects of the sickness due to the many factors involved. The capacity of the suggested model to forecast an infectious disease like brucellosis can help researchers and decision-makers take preventive actions.
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    Analytical study of a Hepatitis B epidemic model using a discrete generalized nonsingular kernel
    (Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2024) Farman, Muhammad; Akgul, Ali; Conejero, J. Alberto; Shehzad, Aamir; Nisar, Kottakkaran Sooppy; Baleanu, Dumitru
    Hepatitis B is a worldwide viral infection that causes cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer, the need for liver transplantation, and death. This work proposed a mathematical representation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) transmission traits emphasizing the significance of applied mathematics in comprehending how the disease spreads. The work used an updated Atangana-Baleanu fractional difference operator to create a fractional -order model of HBV. The qualitative assessment and wellposedness of the mathematical framework were looked at, and the global stability of equilibrium states as measured by the Volterra -type Lyapunov function was summarized. The exact answer was guaranteed to be unique using the Lipschitz condition. Additionally, there were various analyses of this new type of operator to support the operator's efficacy. We observe that the explored discrete fractional operators will be x 2 -increasing or decreasing in certain domains of the time scale N j : = j , j + 1 ,... by looking at the fundamental characteristics of the proposed discrete fractional operators along with x -monotonicity descriptions. For numerical simulations, solutions were constructed in the discrete generalized form of the Mittag-Leffler kernel, highlighting the impacts of the illness caused by numerous causes. The order of the fractional derivative had a significant influence on the dynamical process utilized to construct the HBV model. Researchers and policymakers can benefit from the suggested model's ability to forecast infectious diseases such as HBV and take preventive action.
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    Generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability and novel sustainable techniques for dynamical analysis of global warming impact on ecosystem
    (Nature Portfolio, 2023) Farman, Muhammad; Shehzad, Aamir; Nisar, Kottakkaran Sooppy; Hincal, Evren; Akgul, Ali; Hassan, Ahmed Muhammad
    Marine structure changes as a result of climate change, with potential biological implications for human societies and marine ecosystems. These changes include changes in temperatures, flow, discrimination, nutritional inputs, oxygen availability, and acidification of the ocean. In this study, a fractional-order model is constructed using the Caputo fractional operator, which singular and nol-local kernel. A model examines the effects of accelerating global warming on aquatic ecosystems while taking into account variables that change over time, such as the environment and organisms. The positively invariant area also demonstrates positive, bounded solutions of the model treated. The equilibrium states for the occurrence and extinction of fish populations are derived for a feasible solution of the system. We also used fixed-point theorems to analyze the existence and uniqueness of the model. The generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias function is used to analyze the stability of the system. To study the impact of the fractional operator through computational simulations, results are generated employing a two-step Lagrange polynomial in the generalized version for the power law kernel and also compared the results with an exponential law and Mittag Leffler kernel. We also produce graphs of the model at various fractional derivative orders to illustrate the important influence that the fractional order has on the different classes of the model with the memory effects of the fractional operator. To help with the oversight of fisheries, this research builds mathematical connections between the natural world and aquatic ecosystems.
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    Modeling and dynamics of measles via fractional differential operator of singular and non-singular kernels
    (Elsevier, 2024) Farman, Muhammad; Xu, Changjin; Shehzad, Aamir; Akgul, Ali
    Young children frequently die from measles, which is a major global health concern. Despite being more prevalent in infants, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems, it can infect anyone. Novel fractional operators, the constant -proportional Caputo operator, and the constant -proportional Atangana-Baleanu operator are used to create a hybrid fractional order model that helps analyze the dynamic transmission of the measles virus. We assess the measles -free and endemic equilibrium, reproductive number, biological viability, boundedness, well-posedness, and positivity of the model. We apply the Banach contraction principle to verify the uniqueness of the system's solutions. The proposed system is confirmed to be Ulam-Hyres stable by using fixed point theory results. The aforementioned operators are further analyzed, and the Laplace-Adomian decomposition method is used to numerically simulate the system of fractional differential equations. To support our findings, the outcomes are graphically displayed. The efficacy and memory impact of fractional operators are illustrated through comparisons. Based on fractional parameter values, the study determines important disease -control strategies and shows that vaccinations greatly reduce the spread of measles. By reducing the number of infected people, increasing vaccination coverage lowers the burden of disease on the general population.
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    Modelling and Analysis of a Measles Epidemic Model with the Constant Proportional Caputo Operator
    (Mdpi, 2023) Farman, Muhammad; Shehzad, Aamir; Akgul, Ali; Baleanu, Dumitru; De la Sen, Manuel
    Despite the existence of a secure and reliable immunization, measles, also known as rubeola, continues to be a leading cause of fatalities globally, especially in underdeveloped nations. For investigation and observation of the dynamical transmission of the disease with the influence of vaccination, we proposed a novel fractional order measles model with a constant proportional (CP) Caputo operator. We analysed the proposed model's positivity, boundedness, well-posedness, and biological viability. Reproductive and strength numbers were also verified to examine how the illness dynamically behaves in society. For local and global stability analysis, we introduced the Lyapunov function with first and second derivatives. In order to evaluate the fractional integral operator, we used different techniques to invert the PC and CPC operators. We also used our suggested model's fractional differential equations to derive the eigenfunctions of the CPC operator. There is a detailed discussion of additional analysis on the CPC and Hilfer generalised proportional operators. Employing the Laplace with the Adomian decomposition technique, we simulated a system of fractional differential equations numerically. Finally, numerical results and simulations were derived with the proposed measles model. The intricate and vital study of systems with symmetry is one of the many applications of contemporary fractional mathematical control. A strong tool that makes it possible to create numerical answers to a given fractional differential equation methodically is symmetry analysis. It is discovered that the proposed fractional order model provides a more realistic way of understanding the dynamics of a measles epidemic.