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    Differences in the Growth and Physiological Responses of the Leaves of Peucedanum japonicum and Hordeum vulgare Exposed to Salinity
    (Mdpi, 2020) Liu, Liyun; Nakamura, Yuki; Taliman, Nisar Ahmad; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Moghaieb, Reda E. A.; Saneoka, Hirofumi
    Soil salinity has emerged as one of the most prominent threats to modern intensive farming systems, and it has necessitated the cultivation of halophytes to ensure food security and human nutrition.Peucedanum japonicumThunb. is an edible wild plant with medicinal value that is widely distributed along the Pacific coast of western Japan. However, the adaptive mechanisms of this plant with respect to salt stress tolerance have not yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses ofP. japonicumto salt stress with those of barley (Hordeum vulgare), which is considered a salinity-tolerant plant. Seedlings of both species at the same height were exposed to different concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 150 mM) of NaCl for 16 days, after which the leaves were analyzed with respect to different physiological parameters. The results revealed a maintenance of leaf growth inP. japonicumcompared with that in barley, the growth of which was severely impaired at low concentrations of NaCl (50 and 75 mM). In response to salt stress, a higher suppression of Na(+)and Cl(-)assimilations was observed inP. japonicumthan in barley under all NaCl treatments. Moreover, P. japonicum showed a greater ability to maintain leaf K(+)and Ca(2+)concentrations, whereas barley exhibited a significant reduction in the concentrations of these ions under saline conditions. Thus, the superior salinity tolerance ofP. japonicumcould be attributed to a more efficient maintenance of ionic balances. Taken together, our results indicate thatP. japonicummay be classified as a halophyte, given its superior regulation of K+, Ca2+, SO4-, and sucrose concentrations and lower NO(3)(-)concentrations compared with those of barley.
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    NANO-SILVER AND NON-TRADITIONAL COMPOUNDS MITIGATE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NET BLOTCH DISEASE OF BARLEY IN CORRELATION WITH UP-REGULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2020) Abdelaal, Khaled A. A.; El-Shawy, El-Sayed Abd-Allah; Hafez, Yaser Mohamed; Abdel-Dayem, Sherif Mohamed Ali; Chidya, Russel Chrispine Garven; Saneoka, Hirofumi; El Sabagh, Ayman
    Exogenous application of nano-silver, non-traditional compounds and fungicides were used to alleviate the harmful effect of net blotch disease in the highly susceptible Egyptian barley 'Giza 2000'caused by Pyrenophora teres L. The symptoms of net blotch disease were significantly dwindled as a result of foliar spray with fungicides such as Montero, Belize and Cabri Top. Application of Tilt, Vitavax, Nano-silver, Allicin and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) fungicides moderately controlled the effects of disease severity. While, fungicides Premis, Eugenol and Oxalic acid treatments did not reduce significantly the severity of net blotch disease. As a result of these treatments, the activities of antioxidant enzymes activity were increased significantly as compared with the untreated control plants. The tested treatments were effective, since the electrolyte leakage percentage of treated plants decreased significantly, while the yield attributes were increased significantly as compared with control. The maximum1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg ha(-1)) and biological yield (kg ha(-1)) were achieved with the application of fungicide 'Montero' followed by 'Belize'. Therefore, the novel findings of the present study may be supportive to farmers and plant breeders with non-traditional compounds and basic mechanisms to create new resistant barley cultivars, consequently, decreasing fungicides use and environmental pollution.
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    Öğe
    Nano-silver and non-traditional compounds mitigate the adverse effects of net blotch disease of barley in correlation with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes
    (Pakistan Botanical Society, 2020) Abdelaal, Khaled A A.; El-Shawy, El-Sayed Abd-Allah; Hafez, Yaser Mohamed; Abdel-Dayem, Sherif Mohamed Ali; Chidya, Russel Chrispine Garven; Saneoka, Hirofumi; Sabagh, Ayman El
    Exogenous application of nano-silver, non-traditional compounds and fungicides were used to alleviate the harmful effect of net blotch disease in the highly susceptible Egyptian barley ‘Giza 2000’caused by Pyrenophora teres L. The symptoms of net blotch disease were significantly dwindled as a result of foliar spray with fungicides such as Montero, Belize and Cabri Top. Application of Tilt, Vitavax, Nano-silver, Allicin and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) fungicides moderately controlled the effects of disease severity. While, fungicides Premis, Eugenol and Oxalic acid treatments did not reduce significantly the severity of net blotch disease. As a result of these treatments, the activities of antioxidant enzymes activity were increased significantly as compared with the untreated control plants. The tested treatments were effective, since the electrolyte leakage percentage of treated plants decreased significantly, while the yield attributes were increased significantly as compared with control. The maximum1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg ha-1) and biological yield (kg ha-1) were achieved with the application of fungicide ‘Montero’ followed by ‘Belize’. Therefore, the novel findings of the present study may be supportive to farmers and plant breeders with non-traditional compounds and basic mechanisms to create new resistant barley cultivars, consequently, decreasing fungicides use and environmental pollution. © 2020, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.