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Öğe A case of vaginal hyperplasia occurred the last trimester of pregnancy in a Kangal bitch(Ankara Univ Press, 2021) Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Ercan, Kerem; Yuksel, Burak Fatih; Ocal, HalisVaginal hyperplasia is characterized clinically as the protrusion of edematous hyperplastic mucosa tissue through the vulvar lips. Generally, it is formed during the proestrus and estrus periods in dogs. In this case report, 12 months old, pregnant Kangal breed dog with a mass in the vagina was presented with pre and postoperative findings. The bitch without any genital problems at pro/estrus stages was mated about two months ago. During the clinical examination, it was detected that bitch was in the second stage of labor and had type III vaginal hyperplasia. After the delivery of nine puppies without complication, the bitch was placed under general anesthesia and the hyperplasic tissue was removed surgically. Although no hyperplasia history at pro/estrus stages of the bitch, the fact that vaginal hyperplasia was observed in the last trimester of pregnancy is remarkable. Interestingly, this hyperplastic mass did not cause dystocia during all the puppies' delivery in this case. In conclusion, in pregnant dogs, routine genital exams should be performed once at least until parturition to control vaginal structural integrity.Öğe A novel approach in the prevention of mastitis: electrical teat dipping(Cambridge Univ Press, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, BurakTeat dipping is widely used in dairy cattle, especially to protect against contagious mastitis. Here we determine the effect of the device called 'Electrical Teat Dipping' (ETD), which was developed by combining teat dipping application and electrical field stimulation technique on teats. For this purpose, the front teats of 100 Holstein breed milking cows were evaluated in two groups, with ETD being applied once to the left front teat of these cows, and conventional teat dipping (CTD) being applied once to the right front teat, both after milking. Ultrasonographic measurements of the teats were made before milking and after teat dipping. We found that the width of the teat canal (1.88 +/- 0.07 mm) in the teat using ETD was narrower after the application compared to those with CTD (2.28 +/- 0.05 mm). Based on our findings, we conclude that the effects of ETD on the teat are very positive and can potentially be used as a new approach in the preventative control of mastitis in cows.Öğe Effect of Calf Delivery Mode on Irisin, Asprosin, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Dairy Cattle and their Calves(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2023) Kizil, Meltem; Risvanli, Ali; Abay, Murat; Safak, Tarik; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak FatihIn recent years, the investigation of peptide and protein-structured hormones in biological fluids has become one of the most striking issues. The aim of this study was to determine irisin, asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels in cows and calves after calving according to the mode of delivery. The study was carried out with 20 Holstein cows and 20 calves born from these cows. Blood samples were taken from cows and calves in all groups during birth, after drinking colostrum from calves and on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days after birth in 10 ml tubes. The levels of the aforementioned molecules in these blood samples were determined by ELISA method. Feeding with colostrum led to a decrease in the irisin levels in the dystocia and cesarean section groups and in the IGF-1 levels in the vaginal delivery group, but it did not lead to any other significant changes. The irisin levels of the calves in the vaginal delivery group were compared to those in the other groups, and their levels were found to decrease on the 15th day, and IGF-1 levels were higher on the 15th day. As a result, it was revealed that there were significant changes in the levels of these molecules in the umbilical cord and blood serum of cows and calves depending on the mode of delivery.Öğe Efficacy of a novel veterinary argon plasma coagulation device in treating teat canal stenosis(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2023) Saat, Nevzat; Risvanli, Ali; Dogan, Halef; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, M. AkifTeat canal stenosis is a significant factor that impedes milking and can lead to cows being unable to rear. Because the methods applied in the treatment of teat canal stenosis are mostly unsuccessful, animals with the disease are usually removed from breeding. In this case, it causes great damage to the livestock economy in the world. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the veterinary argon plasma coagulation device, a newly developed treatment for teat canal stenosis. A two-stage study was conducted for this purpose. In the first stage, as a material, 30 teats from 30 cows of varying ages and breeds were selected. The cows were randomly divided into three groups. The first group (n=10) underwent closed operations using instruments such as occult mammary scalpels, papillomas, and udder probes, depending on the severity and condition of their teat stenosis. The second group (n=10) received a preparation containing 8 mg chemotrypsin, 8 mg trypsin, 4 mg papain, 100,000 IU retinol palmitate, and 120 mg tocopherol acetate per ml without any operation. The preparation, containing 4 mg chemotrypsin, 4 mg trypsin, and 10 mg papain in each ml, was administered intramammary three times at 12-hour intervals once a day at a dose of 0.4 ml/10 kg intramuscularly for three days. The third group (n=10) received veterinary argon plasma coagulation device through the teat canal. In the second stage, veterinary argon plasma coagulation device was utilized to treat 104 stenosed teat canals. Based on the findings, the group in which veterinary argon plasma coagulation device was applied exhibited the best recovery rate (90%) at the end of the third week in the study's first phase. In the study's second phase, 89.42% of the nipples treated with veterinary argon plasma coagulation device were completely healed. In both stages of the study, it was established that the recovery criteria could not be detected as stenosis and that the milk flow was continuous due to weekly ultrasonographic and clinical examinations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the newly developed veterinary argon plasma coagulation device is a portable device that can be used to treat teat canal stenosis.Öğe Evaluation of the portio vaginalis of the cervix by B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound in Simmental cattle(Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Seker, IbrahimThis study was aimed to reveal the relationship between the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography features of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in Simmental cattle with different physiological and pathological conditions of genital organs. For this purpose, 90 cattle were used in the study. The length, width and circumference of the portio vaginalis of the cervix were measured ultrasonographically using a 5 MHz linear probe. In addition, the portio vaginalis of the cervix was ultrasonographically evaluated in terms of echogenicity, cystic formations, calcification and integrity of its borders. Regarding the colour Doppler ultrasonography, measurements of the vascular distribution category, vascular density and the vascular morphological appearance were made. In this study, it was found that the rate of irregularity of the border of the portio vaginalis in B-mode ultrasonography according to the pregnancy status was 10.9% in non-pregnant cows, while this was not observed in pregnant cows (0.0%). According to the metritis status, it was observed that the rate of regularity of the border of the portio vaginalis was higher in animals with metritis (45.5%) in B-mode ultrasonography. As a result, it was concluded that there were significant changes in the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography characteristics of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in different physiological and pathological conditions in cattle, and that hypotheses can be developed regarding the fertility of the animals by evaluating these characteristics.Öğe Metrisor: A novel diagnostic method for metritis detection in cattle based on machine learning and sensors(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Risvanli, Ali; Tanyeri, Burak; Yildirim, Gungor; Tatar, Yetkin; Gedikpinar, Mehmet; Kalender, Hakan; Safak, TarikThe Metrisor device has been developed using gas sensors for rapid, highly accurate and effective diagnosis of metritis. 513 cattle uteri were collected from abattoirs and swabs were taken for microbiological testing. The Metrisor device was used to measure intrauterine gases. The results showed a bacterial growth rate of 75.75 % in uteri with clinical metritis. In uteri positive for clinical metritis, the most commonly isolated and identified bacteria were Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Escherichia coli. Measurements taken with Metrisor to determine the presence of metritis in the uterus yielded the most successful results in evaluations of relevant machine learning algorithms. The ICO (Iterative Classifier Optimizer) algorithm achieved 71.22 % accuracy, 64.40 % precision and 71.20 % recall. Experiments were conducted to examine bacterial growth in the uterus and the random forest algorithm produced the most successful results with accuracy, precision and recall values of 78.16 %, 75.30 % and 78.20 % respectively. ICO also showed high performance in experiments to determine bacterial growth in metritis-positive uteri, with accuracy, precision and recall values of 78.97 %, 77.20 % and 79.00 %, respectively. In conclusion, the Metrisor device demonstrated high accuracy in detecting metritis and bacterial growth in uteri and could identify bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, T. pyogenes, Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp. and F. necrophorum with rates up to 80 %. It provides a reliable, rapid and effective means of detecting metritis in animals in the field without the need for laboratory facilities.Öğe Mixed Bacteriological Isolation Percentages from the Uterus of Cows Slaughtered due to Infertility(Centre Excellence Molecular Biology-Cemb, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Kalender, Hakan; Safak, Tarik; Yuksel, Burak Fatih; Karagulle, Burcu; Yilmaz, Oznur; Kilinc, Mehmet AkifBackground: Intrauterine mixed infections are an important problem in cattle breeding. In this study, we aimed to determine the mixed bacteriological isolation rates from the uterus of cows with clinical metritis and to reveal the relationships between the bacteria that isolated together.Methods: For this purpose, sterile swabs were taken from 490 uterus obtained from cattle slaughtered due to infertility in three slaughterhouses and used them to perform microbiological tests. After evaluating the data, it was determined that the bacterial isolation rate from uterus with clinical metritis was 76.14% (n = 268). Results: The rates for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 bacteria isolated from the uterus with clinical metritis were 48.13%, 33.96%, 15.30%, 2.24%, and 0.37%, respectively. The isolation rates for Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Escherichia coli alone from the uterus with clinical metritis were 27.08%, 28.00%, and 16.51%, respectively. In uterus with clinical metritis, Staphylococcus aureus (16.67%) was the most commonly isolated bacteria with T. pyogenes, Clostridium spp. (16%) co-isolated with F. necrophorum, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (16.51%) and Bacillus spp. (16.51%) were detected with E. coli.Conclusion: As a result, it was concluded that when evaluating the microbiological results for cows with clinical metritis, mixed infections should be taken into more consideration, and the characteristics of the bacteria that isolate together should be considered during the treatment of mixed infections.Öğe Perioperative Change of High-Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I Concentration in Cats According to Three Different Anaesthesia Protocols(Wiley, 2024) Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz-Koc, Oznur; Karakaya-Bilen, EbruBackground: Cardiac troponin I, a particular biomarker, is released into the bloodstream in response to myocardial injury. Background: To evaluate perioperative changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentration during ovariohysterectomy in cats undergoing three different anaesthesia protocols. Methods: Twenty-one female mixed-breed cats owned by clients aged (2.2 +/- 0.7 years) and weight (3.2 +/- 0.5 kg) were included in our study. The cats were divided into three groups: propofol-isoflurane (PI) group (n = 7), xylazine-ketamine (XK) group (n = 7) and xylazine-isoflurane (XI) group (n = 7). After pre-anaesthetic propofol (6 mg/kg IV) was administered to cats in Group PI, a mask was placed, and anaesthesia was maintained with 3.0% isoflurane in oxygen. Cats in Group XK underwent general anesthetization with xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg IM) and, 10 min later, ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg IM). Cats in Group XI were administered xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg IM), and then anaesthesia (3.0% isoflurane and oxygen) was continued with a mask. Blood samples were collected from all cats; preoperatively and postoperatively at 0 and 12 h (Pre-, Post-0 h and Post-12 h, respectively). Serum hs-cTnI concentrations were measured with the Advia Centaur TnI-Ultra. Results: In all 21 cats, hs-cTnI concentration increased at Post-0 h and 12 h measurement points compared to Pre-. In the XK group, hs-cTnI concentrations exhibited a significant increase at the Post-0 h (51.30 ng/L) and Post-12 h (157.70 ng/L) time points compared to Pre- (6.70 ng/L) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The XK group increased the concentration of hs-cTnI more than other protocols. In the PI group, the increase in hs-cTnI concentrations at Post-0 and 12 h increased less than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The PI group was found to induce less myocardial damage.Öğe Serum biochemistry and hematological profile of a cat with three mummified fetuses(Univ Cordoba, 2023) Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, OznurSerum biochemistry and hematological values are used to determine the outcome of diseases in both animals and humans. In the presented scientific report, hematological and biochemical findings were defined in the cat, which was shaped as three mummified fetuses. A 12-month-old cat, which was mated 38 days ago, was brought to the Kastamonu University Veterinary Faculty Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic with complaints of vomiting, anorexia, and polydipsia. After the preliminary clinical examination, it was observed in the ultrasonographic examination that the fetus had no heartbeat and the hyperechoic areas increased. The mummified fetus was diagnosed. Fetal mummification is occasional in cats and has been reported. Blood samples were taken for serum biochemistry and hematological analysis. Considering that serum biochemistry and hematological analyzes are important in cases of mummified fetuses in cats, this case report is presented. However, both hematological and biochemical parameters were within the reference ranges. Ovariohysterectomy was performed under general anesthesia. Seven days after the surgery, the wound from the operation was completely healed.Öğe The effects of novel electrical teat dipping on some mastitis parameters in dairy herds(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2023) Safak, Tarik; Risvanli, Ali; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, BurakElectrical teat dipping (ETD) is a novel, patented method developed by the authors to control mastitis in dairy cows. Here we evaluate the efficacy of ETD in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BTMSCC) on three dairy farms over 6 months. ETD was applied for morning and evening milking on three farms, while conventional teat dipping (CTD) was applied on the other three farms. The number of animals and quarters with clinical mastitis and monthly BTMSCC measurements were recorded. We found that the incidence of clinical mastitis was lower on farms using ETD than those using CTD. However, the BTMSCC did not significantly change throughout the study. Based on these findings, we conclude that ETD effectively reduces mastitis rates on dairy farms.
