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    Asit topraklarda alınabilir demir, bakır, çinko ve mangan analizinde kullanılacak en uygun ekstraksiyon yönteminin belirlenmesi
    (2013) Sürücü, Abdulkadir; Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Özyazıcı, Gülen; Uygur, Veli
    Topraklarda besin elementlerinin alınabilir miktarlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılan kimyasal yöntemlerin başarısı toprak özelliklerindeki değişimlerle ilişkili olduğundan her bir besin elementi için çok sayıda metot geliştirilmiştir. Bu araştırma, asit toprakların alınabilir Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn miktarlarının belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek en uygun ekstraksiyon yöntem ve/veya yöntemlerini seçmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, toprak ve bitki örnekleri, üretim potansiyeli de dikkate alınarak belirlenen toplam 220 adet çay bahçesinden ikinci sürgün döneminde alınmıştır. Alınan toprak ve bitki örneklerinden Fe için 197, Cu için 207, Zn için 214 ve Mn için 196 örnek değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma topraklarının alınabilir Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn miktarları 14 değişik ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle belirlenmiş ve sonuçlar 2 biyolojik yöntemle karşılaştırılarak en uygun yöntemler seçilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ekstraksiyon yöntemlerin biyolojik yöntemlerle olan doğrusal korelasyonları asit topraklarda mikroelementlerin alınabilirliğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek en uygun ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin; Fe için “0.05 N HCl + 0.025 N H2SO4”, Cu ve Zn için “0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3)” ve Mn için ise “0.01 M CaCl2” olduğunu göstermiştir.
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    CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS ALONG THREE MAJOR ROADS OF SULAIMANI, NORTHEAST IRAQ
    (Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2018-04-23) Sürücü, Abdulkadir; MOHAMMAD, Dler Mustafa; Günal, Elif; Budak, Mesut
    Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils resulting from vehicle emissions is a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts of transferring to food chain. In this study, heavy metal concentration of roadside soils along three major roads connecting the city of Sulaimani to surrounding cities were determined. Twenty soil samples from each side of three roads were collected at 1 m, 15 m, 25 m and 50 m distances from road edges. The heavy metals of Cr, Co, Pb, Cd and Ni were analyzed by acid digestion. Heavy metal pollution of roadside soils was assessed using three different environmental indices; enrichment factor (EF), contaminant factor (CF) and contamination degree (CD). Heavy metals concentrations of roadside soils were significantly different (P?0.01) among three major roads and usually decreased with increased distance from the roads. The highest concentrations were 268.56, 9.56, 134.16, 3.99 and 179.20 mg kg-1 for Cr, Co, Pb, Cd and Ni, respectively. The results showed that mean concentrations of all heavy metals determined were significantly higher than the global background values of heavy metals. The order of heavy metal contamination based on CF values in Arbat road was Cr?Ni?Pb?Cd?Co, in Kirkuk road Ni?Cr?Cd?Pb?Co, and in Mergapan road Pb?Ni?Cr?Cd?Co. Significant positive correlations between Ni and Co in Arbat (r=089) and Kirkuk (r=0.58) roads, Ni and Pb in Mergapan road (r=0.70), and Cd and Pb in Kirkuk road (r=0.76) revealed their common source in the studied environments. The roadside soils in the region are being extensively used for agricultural production. Therefore, the increased concentration of Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni in roadside soils should be carefully monitored and necessary precautions should be taken to prevent further accumulation in roadside soils.
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    Effects of green manuring on soil enzyme activity
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2014) Sürücü, Abdulkadir; Özyazici, Mehmet Arif; Bayrakli, Betiil; Kizilkaya, Ridvan
    In this research, the effects of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) used for green manure and forage production as a winter catch crop on some soil biological properties were investigated. The field experiments were conducted in Çar- şamba Plain located in the north region of Turkey. The "green manuring-maize-wheat" crop rotation with a randomized complete block with four replications was repeated in two separate years. The treatments used to in-vestigate the management effect on soil enzyme activity were: (GM1-GM4) burying the whole above ground faba bean plant as green manure, (GM5-GM8) burying the under ground-stubbles of plants and (C1-C2) control. Different nitrogen doses of 0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1 for maize, and 0, 50, 100 andl50 kg N ha-1 for wheat were applied following the green manuring. The results revealed that both types of green manure applications provided an increase in urease and dehydrogenase contents of soils compared to the control. The urease (UA) and dehydrogenase (DH) activities were higher with above ground parts of faba been application when compared to application of the underground stubbles. The activity of the UA and DG were significantly (P<0.05) influenced at the end of the maize harvest in the GM amended soils. At the end of the maize harvest, significantly (P<0.05) highest UA activity (205.1 ?g N 1-1 g dry soil) was observed in the GM1 treatment compared to the control soil. While, the lowest UA activity was recorded in the GM5 (178.4 ng N 1-1 g dry soil). © by PSP.
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    Ekosistem Servislerinde Toprağın Rolü
    (2022) Bülbül, Safiye; Sürücü, Abdulkadir; Günal, Hikmet; Budak, Mesut
    Ekosistemin yapısının ve işlevlerinin insan refahına katkıları ekosistem servisleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Toprak, “ekosistem servisleri” olarak adlandırılan, tedarik etme (örneğin tatlı su, odun, yiyecek ve lif), düzenleme (örneğin iklim, erozyon ve sel), kültürel (örneğin estetik veya manevi değerler) ve destekleme (örneğin bitkilere, hayvanlara ve insan altyapısına fiziksel destek) gibi insan refahı ve sürdürülebilir sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma için önemli olan çok çeşitli mal ve hizmetlerin sağlanmasına katkı sunmaktadır. Litosfer, biyosfer, hidrosfer ve atmosfer arasında ara yüz olan toprağın ekosistem servislerinin yerine getirilmesindeki çok fonksiyonlu rolünü anlamak son derece önemlidir. Topraklar ekosistem servislerinin yerine getirilmesinde diğer ekosistemler ile birlikte görev almaktadır. Ekosistem servisleri, çoklu ekosistemler arasındaki etkileşimin sonucu olduklarından, ekosistem servislerini sadece toprağa bağlı olarak tanımlamak yeterli olmayacaktır. Tarımsal faaliyetler ile gıdanın üretilmesi, toprak özelliklerinin yanında, yağış, güneş ışığı ve sıcaklık gibi iklimsel değişkenler ve ekim veya gübreleme gibi insan müdahaleleri ile mümkün olabilir. Bu nedenle, ekosistem servislerinin sağlanmasında topraklar ancak bazı servislerin ne kadar iyi sağlanacağını belirleyen önemli bir ekosistem olarak görev yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, diğer ekosistemler ile birlikte insan refahına katkı sağlayan toprağın ekosistem servislerinin gerçekleşmesindeki önemi, yayınlanan güncel araştırmalardan derlenerek ortaya konulmuştur.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Modeling and mapping of spatial variability of soil micro nutirient elements in research and application areas of Bingol University
    (2019) Sürücü, Abdulkadir; Gökmen, Veysel; Gündoğan, Recep; Budak, Mesut
    Lack of microelements in the soil negatively affects the yields in areas where intensive plant production is performed. Studies on spatial variability of essential micronutrients in Turkey's agriculturally intensive areas were limited. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of microelement contents of soils of the research and application farm of Bingöl University under different land uses, and to model and map the distance. depended spatial variability The total area of the study field is 67 ha. The study area was divided into 100 X 100 m grids and soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth at the corner of from grids at 64 sites. In addition, 24 of soil samples were taken from 5, 25 and 60 m intermediate intersections in order to determine the change of soil properties at distances less than 100 m. The contents of soil extractable zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) were analyzed, and semivariograms were prepared for each micro element content, and distribution maps were generated by using kriking methods. According to obtained results, it was determined that iron (CV = 31.25%) and copper (CV = 27.38%) showed modest variability while Manganese (CV = 44.30) and Zinc (CV = 47.72) showed high variability. Spatial distributions maps for each micronutrients determined were obtained after semivariograms were formed using suitable model parameters. The distrubitons maps showed that all microelements had a important varaibility depending on the distance, especially as the microelement contents of the soil increased relatively from the south-east to the north-west directions.
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    Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Tea Grown Soils in Rize And Artvin Provinces
    (Anadolu J. Agric. Sci., 2010-02-15) Özyazıcı, Gülen; Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; ÖZDEMİR, Osman; Sürücü, Abdulkadir
    In this study, it was aimed to show the soil productivity of tea growing areas which contain have some distinct features compared to the other areas. Therefore, 220 soil samples were taken and analyzed. Soils in the tea production areas of Rize and Artvin were clay-loamy and clay. In relation to soil reaction 90 % of the soils taken pH had values below the recommended values for tea production. These soils were found to be nonlime and contained high amounts of organic matter and available P and K.
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    Spatial variability of some soil properties in an agricultural field of Halabja City of Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq
    (Fresenius Enivromental Bulletin, 2019-01-01) Sürücü, Abdulkadir; Ahmed, Tavan K; Günal, Elif; Budak, Mesut
    The soils of Sulaimani Governorate have been used to meet the food demand of northern Iraq. Longstanding wars and strict trade restrictions have caused people of region struggling to get more crops out of agricultural lands. Although soils have been subjected to agricultural production practices and are susceptible to degradation, reliable information on soils of the region is not available. This study has been carried out to characterize some physical and chemical soil properties and to determine the spatial structure of soil properties in a 100ha agricultural filed of Halabja at Sulaimani governorate, Iraq. The study area was divided into 100 × 100 m grid squares, 100 soil samples were collected from the corners of each grid representative of the surface (0–20 cm) horizons. In addition, a total of 16 soil samples were taken along four transects with sampling intervals of 5, 10, 40 and 50m. The measured properties were: clay, sand, silt, calcium carbonate and organic matter contents, exchangeable cation (Na, K, Ca, and Mg), micronutrient (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) and plant available phosphorus (P) concentrations, pH and electrical conductivity. The data were analyzed using classic statistics and geostatistics by constructing semivariograms and mapping by Ordinary Kriging. Semivariograms were calculated for soil characteristics and their spatial distributions were mapped. Soils were poor in available P and Zn contents. Soil organic matter showed significant positive correlations with the EC, concentrations of P, clay content, extractable Ca and Na concentrations whereas the correlation was negative with sand content and Zn concentration. Nugget/sill ratio for modelled variables indicated high and moderate spatial dependences in study area. The range of spatial dependence varied from 102 m (calcium carbonate) to 1248 m (pH). The distribution maps of soil attributes could be utilized as a guide for site-specific crop management in similar soils.