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Öğe A novel approach in the prevention of mastitis: electrical teat dipping(Cambridge Univ Press, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, BurakTeat dipping is widely used in dairy cattle, especially to protect against contagious mastitis. Here we determine the effect of the device called 'Electrical Teat Dipping' (ETD), which was developed by combining teat dipping application and electrical field stimulation technique on teats. For this purpose, the front teats of 100 Holstein breed milking cows were evaluated in two groups, with ETD being applied once to the left front teat of these cows, and conventional teat dipping (CTD) being applied once to the right front teat, both after milking. Ultrasonographic measurements of the teats were made before milking and after teat dipping. We found that the width of the teat canal (1.88 +/- 0.07 mm) in the teat using ETD was narrower after the application compared to those with CTD (2.28 +/- 0.05 mm). Based on our findings, we conclude that the effects of ETD on the teat are very positive and can potentially be used as a new approach in the preventative control of mastitis in cows.Öğe Effect of Calf Delivery Mode on Irisin, Asprosin, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Dairy Cattle and their Calves(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2023) Kizil, Meltem; Risvanli, Ali; Abay, Murat; Safak, Tarik; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak FatihIn recent years, the investigation of peptide and protein-structured hormones in biological fluids has become one of the most striking issues. The aim of this study was to determine irisin, asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels in cows and calves after calving according to the mode of delivery. The study was carried out with 20 Holstein cows and 20 calves born from these cows. Blood samples were taken from cows and calves in all groups during birth, after drinking colostrum from calves and on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days after birth in 10 ml tubes. The levels of the aforementioned molecules in these blood samples were determined by ELISA method. Feeding with colostrum led to a decrease in the irisin levels in the dystocia and cesarean section groups and in the IGF-1 levels in the vaginal delivery group, but it did not lead to any other significant changes. The irisin levels of the calves in the vaginal delivery group were compared to those in the other groups, and their levels were found to decrease on the 15th day, and IGF-1 levels were higher on the 15th day. As a result, it was revealed that there were significant changes in the levels of these molecules in the umbilical cord and blood serum of cows and calves depending on the mode of delivery.Öğe Efficacy of a novel veterinary argon plasma coagulation device in treating teat canal stenosis(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2023) Saat, Nevzat; Risvanli, Ali; Dogan, Halef; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, M. AkifTeat canal stenosis is a significant factor that impedes milking and can lead to cows being unable to rear. Because the methods applied in the treatment of teat canal stenosis are mostly unsuccessful, animals with the disease are usually removed from breeding. In this case, it causes great damage to the livestock economy in the world. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the veterinary argon plasma coagulation device, a newly developed treatment for teat canal stenosis. A two-stage study was conducted for this purpose. In the first stage, as a material, 30 teats from 30 cows of varying ages and breeds were selected. The cows were randomly divided into three groups. The first group (n=10) underwent closed operations using instruments such as occult mammary scalpels, papillomas, and udder probes, depending on the severity and condition of their teat stenosis. The second group (n=10) received a preparation containing 8 mg chemotrypsin, 8 mg trypsin, 4 mg papain, 100,000 IU retinol palmitate, and 120 mg tocopherol acetate per ml without any operation. The preparation, containing 4 mg chemotrypsin, 4 mg trypsin, and 10 mg papain in each ml, was administered intramammary three times at 12-hour intervals once a day at a dose of 0.4 ml/10 kg intramuscularly for three days. The third group (n=10) received veterinary argon plasma coagulation device through the teat canal. In the second stage, veterinary argon plasma coagulation device was utilized to treat 104 stenosed teat canals. Based on the findings, the group in which veterinary argon plasma coagulation device was applied exhibited the best recovery rate (90%) at the end of the third week in the study's first phase. In the study's second phase, 89.42% of the nipples treated with veterinary argon plasma coagulation device were completely healed. In both stages of the study, it was established that the recovery criteria could not be detected as stenosis and that the milk flow was continuous due to weekly ultrasonographic and clinical examinations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the newly developed veterinary argon plasma coagulation device is a portable device that can be used to treat teat canal stenosis.Öğe Evaluation of the portio vaginalis of the cervix by B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound in Simmental cattle(Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Seker, IbrahimThis study was aimed to reveal the relationship between the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography features of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in Simmental cattle with different physiological and pathological conditions of genital organs. For this purpose, 90 cattle were used in the study. The length, width and circumference of the portio vaginalis of the cervix were measured ultrasonographically using a 5 MHz linear probe. In addition, the portio vaginalis of the cervix was ultrasonographically evaluated in terms of echogenicity, cystic formations, calcification and integrity of its borders. Regarding the colour Doppler ultrasonography, measurements of the vascular distribution category, vascular density and the vascular morphological appearance were made. In this study, it was found that the rate of irregularity of the border of the portio vaginalis in B-mode ultrasonography according to the pregnancy status was 10.9% in non-pregnant cows, while this was not observed in pregnant cows (0.0%). According to the metritis status, it was observed that the rate of regularity of the border of the portio vaginalis was higher in animals with metritis (45.5%) in B-mode ultrasonography. As a result, it was concluded that there were significant changes in the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography characteristics of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in different physiological and pathological conditions in cattle, and that hypotheses can be developed regarding the fertility of the animals by evaluating these characteristics.Öğe High-Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I and Th1/Th2 Polarization in Queens With Pyometra.(Veterinary Medicine and Science, 2025-01) Safak, Tarik; Saat, Nevzat; Yilmaz-Koc, Oznur; Turanli, Mert; Ayalp-Erkan, Aslıhan; Risvanli, AliTo determine T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokine polarization, as well as high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels, in cats with pyometra.Öğe Koumiss and immunity: A thorough investigation of fermentation parameters and their impact on health benefits(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Istanbullugil, Fatih Ramazan; Risvanli, Ali; Salikov, Ruslan; Bayraktar, Metin; Zhunushova, Aidai; Acaroz, Ulas; Acaroz, Damla ArslanThe aim of this study was to determine the components and cytokine and immunoglobulin levels of koumiss during different fermentation periods, and to reveal the interrelation between these parameters. For achieving this objective, 10 samples of koumiss were prepared and randomly divided into 2 groups: the first group was sampled at 0, 1, 5, 12, and 24 h of incubation at room temperature for analysis. The second group was stored at counts of Enterobacteriaceae spp., Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus spp. progressively decreased with the period of fermentation until becoming undetectable in the final samples of both groups. We fond positive or negative correlations between cytokine and immunoglobulin levels and the physicochemical and microbiological different fermentation times and temperatures does not concentrations.Öğe Metrisor: A novel diagnostic method for metritis detection in cattle based on machine learning and sensors(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Risvanli, Ali; Tanyeri, Burak; Yildirim, Gungor; Tatar, Yetkin; Gedikpinar, Mehmet; Kalender, Hakan; Safak, TarikThe Metrisor device has been developed using gas sensors for rapid, highly accurate and effective diagnosis of metritis. 513 cattle uteri were collected from abattoirs and swabs were taken for microbiological testing. The Metrisor device was used to measure intrauterine gases. The results showed a bacterial growth rate of 75.75 % in uteri with clinical metritis. In uteri positive for clinical metritis, the most commonly isolated and identified bacteria were Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Escherichia coli. Measurements taken with Metrisor to determine the presence of metritis in the uterus yielded the most successful results in evaluations of relevant machine learning algorithms. The ICO (Iterative Classifier Optimizer) algorithm achieved 71.22 % accuracy, 64.40 % precision and 71.20 % recall. Experiments were conducted to examine bacterial growth in the uterus and the random forest algorithm produced the most successful results with accuracy, precision and recall values of 78.16 %, 75.30 % and 78.20 % respectively. ICO also showed high performance in experiments to determine bacterial growth in metritis-positive uteri, with accuracy, precision and recall values of 78.97 %, 77.20 % and 79.00 %, respectively. In conclusion, the Metrisor device demonstrated high accuracy in detecting metritis and bacterial growth in uteri and could identify bacteria such as E. coli, S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, T. pyogenes, Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp. and F. necrophorum with rates up to 80 %. It provides a reliable, rapid and effective means of detecting metritis in animals in the field without the need for laboratory facilities.Öğe Mixed Bacteriological Isolation Percentages from the Uterus of Cows Slaughtered due to Infertility(Centre Excellence Molecular Biology-Cemb, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Kalender, Hakan; Safak, Tarik; Yuksel, Burak Fatih; Karagulle, Burcu; Yilmaz, Oznur; Kilinc, Mehmet AkifBackground: Intrauterine mixed infections are an important problem in cattle breeding. In this study, we aimed to determine the mixed bacteriological isolation rates from the uterus of cows with clinical metritis and to reveal the relationships between the bacteria that isolated together.Methods: For this purpose, sterile swabs were taken from 490 uterus obtained from cattle slaughtered due to infertility in three slaughterhouses and used them to perform microbiological tests. After evaluating the data, it was determined that the bacterial isolation rate from uterus with clinical metritis was 76.14% (n = 268). Results: The rates for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 bacteria isolated from the uterus with clinical metritis were 48.13%, 33.96%, 15.30%, 2.24%, and 0.37%, respectively. The isolation rates for Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Escherichia coli alone from the uterus with clinical metritis were 27.08%, 28.00%, and 16.51%, respectively. In uterus with clinical metritis, Staphylococcus aureus (16.67%) was the most commonly isolated bacteria with T. pyogenes, Clostridium spp. (16%) co-isolated with F. necrophorum, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (16.51%) and Bacillus spp. (16.51%) were detected with E. coli.Conclusion: As a result, it was concluded that when evaluating the microbiological results for cows with clinical metritis, mixed infections should be taken into more consideration, and the characteristics of the bacteria that isolate together should be considered during the treatment of mixed infections.Öğe The effects of novel electrical teat dipping on some mastitis parameters in dairy herds(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2023) Safak, Tarik; Risvanli, Ali; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, BurakElectrical teat dipping (ETD) is a novel, patented method developed by the authors to control mastitis in dairy cows. Here we evaluate the efficacy of ETD in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BTMSCC) on three dairy farms over 6 months. ETD was applied for morning and evening milking on three farms, while conventional teat dipping (CTD) was applied on the other three farms. The number of animals and quarters with clinical mastitis and monthly BTMSCC measurements were recorded. We found that the incidence of clinical mastitis was lower on farms using ETD than those using CTD. However, the BTMSCC did not significantly change throughout the study. Based on these findings, we conclude that ETD effectively reduces mastitis rates on dairy farms.Öğe The relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization and milk composition in the postnatal period in Kyrgyz mares and foals(Wiley, 2023) Istanbullugil, Fatih R.; Risvanli, Ali; Salikov, Ruslan; Bayraktar, Metin; Kadiraliyeva, Nariste; Zhunushova, Aidai; Yilmaz, OznurImmune compatibility between mare and foal is one of the important topics of reproductive immunology. At this point, although there are many studies on antibodies, there are not many publications on the relationship between the cytokine levels of mare, foal and milk and the effects of milk composition on this relationship. Here we investigate the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and milk composition in Kyrgyz mares and foals. Samples were taken soon after the foal was born and on days 5, 10 and 20 after birth. Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine levels in blood samples were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Dry matter, fat, protein and non-fat dry matter ratios were determined in the mare's milk and colostrum. We detected no Th1/Th2 polarization in the mare's milk on the day of the foal's birth (day 0) and day 10, but there was Th1 polarization on day 5 and Th2 cytokine polarization on day 20. There was no polarization in the blood sera of the mares on days 0, 5, and 10, and Th1 cytokine polarization was also detected on day 20. We detected no Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in the blood sera of the foals on any of the days. Dry matter (19.66 +/- 0.39%), protein (16.56 +/- 0.18%), fat (2.13 +/- 0.17), and non-fat dry matter (17.59 +/- 0.44%) were higher in colostrum than the other days. When the correlations between cytokine levels in milk samples and milk composition were examined, there was a positive correlation between IL-5 level and protein ratio on day 10. We detected a positive correlation between IL-2 level and the fat rate on day 20. There was a positive correlation between the IL-2 level and the non-fat dry matter ratio on day 20. Further studies are now needed to determine the relationship between the changes in the composition of mare's milk in the postnatal period and Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in mares and foals at the time of birth and in the postnatal period. Our finding that protein and fat ratios in mare's milk in the postnatal period are positively correlated with IL-2 levels should be considered in terms of foal and human nutrition.Öğe The Relationship of Th/Th Cytokine Polarization at Parturition in Cows and SOCS3 Level With Some Postpartum Diseases.(2025-01) Yilmaz Koc, Oznur; Risvanli, AliTh/Th polarisation and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS3) are important indicators of the humoral and cellular immune system activity in cows. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of postpartum diseases with the levels of Th/Th polarisation and SOCS3 at the time of parturition. The study examined 180 cows (90 with normal parturition [NP] and 90 with dystocia [D]). Blood samples were taken from the cows once at the time of calving. Two subgroups were created among cows with NP: those without the postpartum disease (NP [-], n = 45) and those with postpartum disease (NP [+], n = 45). Likewise, two subgroups were created among D cows: those without postpartum disease (D [-], n = 45) and those with postpartum disease (D [+], n = 45). Cytokine analyses were performed using species-specific commercial ELISA kits. In the NP (-) group, it was found that Th/Th cytokine polarisation was in the Th direction due to the increase in the concentration of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in four subgroups grouping with different types of parturition and diseases. It was concluded that it would be appropriate to strengthen cellular immunity. In cases of postpartum diseases, Th/Th polarisation shifted towards Th due to the increase in IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in cows that performed NP and developed mastitis in the postpartum period. These results suggest that it would be beneficial to support the Th aspect (i.e. humoral immunity) in cows that have undergone NP and develop mastitis in the postpartum period.
