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    Conventional and sugar-free probiotic white chocolate: Effect of inulin DP on various quality properties and viability of probiotics
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Konar, Nevzat; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Toker, Omer Said; Polat, Derya Genc; Kelleci, Ebru; Pirouzian, Haniyeh Rasouli; Akcicek, Alican
    This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inulin DP on viability levels (0-90 days) of the different probiotics (Lactobacillus paracasei and L acidophilus) and the main chocolate quality parameters (texture, water activity, thermal properties, rheological properties, color) in sugared and sugar-free white chocolates. For this purpose, 9.00 log cfu/25 g probiotic microorganisms were inoculated into the chocolate samples after conching process. At the end of the 90 day period, probiotic viability was determined above 6.61 log cfu/25 g and L. acidophilus showed higher levels of viability in all samples. Sucrose including samples had higher hardness value ranging between 4343 and 5145 g. L. paracasei and inulin with higher DP including maltitol chocolate showed the highest melting temperature as 35 degrees C. Inulin DP and the presence of probiotic had significant effects on chocolate quality parameters other than rheological properties, however, these effects were found to be tolerable.
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    Effect of Inulin DP on Various Properties of Sugar-Free Dark Chocolates Containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus acidophilus
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2017) Konar, Nevzat; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Toker, Omer Said; Polat, Derya Genc; Sener, Sinem; Akcicek, Alican; Sagdic, Osman
    In the present study, the effect of different polymerization degree of inulin on the quality parameters of conventional and sugar-free dark chocolate products as well as on the vitality of probiotics used in the chocolates were investigated. To produce sugar-free dark chocolates prepared with the addition of maltitol, Lactobacillus paracasei/L. acidophilus and inulin with DP higher than 23 and lower than 10 were used as probiotic and pre-biotic agents, respectively. After 90 day of storage, more than 6 log cfu/25 g probiotics were observed in the chocolates produced by supplementing of 9 log cfu/25 g probiotics. Considering the probiotic level for both conventional and sugar-free dark chocolate, the highest probiotic level was observed in the samples prepared from L. acidophilus and inulin with DP < 10. In addition, inulin with DP < 10 was found as more suitable in terms of rheological characteristics of the samples. Other quality parameters ( texture, colour, melting profile and water activity) changed in narrow range which was allowable when compared with the control samples. Consequently, sugar-free chocolate containing L. paracasei and L. acidophilus could be produced which might satisfy the expectations of the consumers and appropriate to industrial production similar to conventional chocolate. The findings of the present study highlighted the importance of the selection of the most suitable prebiotic/probiotic combination for maximizing probiotic level in the chocolate products.
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    Enrichment of Milk Chocolate by Using EPA and DHA Originated from Various Origins: Effects on Product Quality
    (Springer India, 2018) Konar, Nevzat; Toker, Omer Said; Pirouzian, Haniyeh Rasouli; Oba, Sirin; Polat, Derya Genc; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Poyrazoglu, Ender Sinan
    In this study, milk chocolate was enriched with different forms of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA after conching process followed by tempering process. Total EPA and DHA contents of the milk chocolate samples increased to 168.1 and 13.8mg/25g chocolate, respectively. The main quality properties (melting, rheological, textural colour, a(w) and sensory) of the milk chocolate samples were also determined. Viscosity and yield stress values of molten milk chocolates ranged between 7685-15,600mPas and 79.1-237.5Pa, respectively. The results indicated that rheological parameters were influenced by the addition of various forms of EPA/DHA sources in different levels (P<0.05). Also, EPA/DHA source component addition did not significantly affect the T-onset and T-end of the samples. According to the sensory analysis results, chocolate with microencapsulated form of EHA/DHA source had the highest overall acceptance among the enriched chocolate samples. Usage potential of milk chocolate as a delivery agent of EPA and/or DHA was confirmed.
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    Stability of lactic acid bacteria in synbiotic sugared and sugar-free milk chocolates
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Toker, Omer Said; Polat, Derya Genc; Gulfidan, Osman Gokhan; Konar, Nevzat; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Akcicek, Alican; Poyrazoglu, Ender Sinan
    In this study, stability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. paracasei in synbiotic sugared and sugar-free milk chocolates within 90-day storage was investigated, considering inline as prebiotic. Probiotic bacteria inoculation at 9.0 log cfu/25 g and usage of inulin with Degree of Polymerisation (DP)<10 and DP > 23 at a concentration of 9.0 g/100 g were investigated. At the end of 90 days, at least 6.5 log cfu/25 g probiotic bacteria was determined in the samples containing L. acidophilus, whereas this value was determined as 5.9 log cfu/25 g for L. paracasei. Therefore, it was concluded that L. acidophilus was more stable in terms of viability level in the milk chocolates prepared by sugar, maltitol, and inulin DP was effective on viability levels of probiotics (p < 0.05). Moreover, inulin DP was also found effective on water activity, melting, rheological and textural properties and colour of milk chocolate (p < 0.05). Quality parameters were affected by inulin DP, except rheological properties.
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    The effects of beetroot powder as a colorant on the color stability and product quality of white compound chocolate and chocolate spread
    (Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2022) Baycar, Abdullah; Konar, Nevzat; Goktas, Hamza; Sagdic, Osman; Polat, Derya Genc
    This study determines the possibility of using spread (SC) and compound chocolate (CC) as delivering agents of betalains, bioactive compounds and coloring agents. Therefore, the effects of various beetroot powder concentrations (0.0-1.00 g/100 g) on SC and CC's quality parameters and the associated visual properties over a 12-week period under accelerated shelf-life conditions were investigated. The hardness and plastic viscosity values of CC significantly increased as the amount of beetroot powder increased (P<0.05), the particle size while melting behavior, water activity, moisture content and sensory properties did not significantly change (P<0.05). The D90 and textural properties (firmness, stickiness, adhesion, work of shear) of the SC samples were significantly affected with the addition of beetroot powder (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in moisture content, water activity and some sensory properties (P>0.05). The use of beetroot powder for both groups caused a significant decrease in the samples' color values, and the redness associated with the pigment source also significantly increased (p<0.05). The findings revealed that high concentrations of beetroot powder did not significantly impact CC's color stability to the same extent that it impacted the SC's color stability. This study was made as a preliminary study to produce functional foods.